1、在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 54及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acr
2、oss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 The worlds population continues to grow. There now are about 4 billion of us on earth. That could reach 6 billion by the end of the century and 11 billion in another 75 years. Experts long have been concerned about such growth. Where wi
3、ll we find the food, water, jobs, houses, schools and health care for all these people? A major new study shows that the situation may be changing. A large and rapid drop in the worlds birth rate has taken place during the past 10 years. Families generally are smaller now than they were a few years
4、ago. It is happening in both developing and industrial nations. Researchers said they found a number of reasons for this. More men and women are waiting longer to get married and are using birth control devices and methods to prevent or delay pregnancy. More women are going to school or working at j
5、obs away from their homes instead of having children. And more governments, especially in developing nations, now support family planning programs to reduce population growth. China is one of the nations that has made great progress in reducing its population growth. China has already cut its rate o
6、f population growth by about one half since 1970. China now urges each family to have no more than one child. And it hopes to reach zero population growth, the number of births equaling the number of deaths, by the year 2000. Several nations in Europe already have fewer births than deaths. Experts s
7、aid that these nations could face a serious shortage of workers in the future. And the persons who are working could face much higher taxes to help support the growing number of retired people. 1 In Paragraph One, in the sentence “Experts long have been concerned about such growth“, the phrase “conc
8、erned about“ is similar in meaning to_. （ A） worried about （ B） related to （ C） engaged in （ D） made a study of 2 “Family planning programs“ means_. （ A） birth control policy in a country （ B） economic policy in a family （ C） TV programs designed for a family （ D） economic policy in a country 3 The
9、worlds birth rate has dropped because_. （ A） people marry at a much later time （ B） more birth control devices and methods have been used （ C） women would rather go to study or work than have children （ D） all the above reasons are true 4 By the year 2000, the number of births and the number of deat
10、hs in China will_. （ A） be greatly different （ B） be equal to each other （ C） drop a great deal （ D） become much larger 5 Some time in the future, the people who are working in Europe would have to pay much higher taxes because_. （ A） more and more children will be born （ B） fewer and fewer children
11、 will be born （ C） they will be making a lot of money （ D） the number of retired people will become ever larger 6 The reasons for the population decrease are as follows except_. （ A） later marriage （ B） later pregnancy （ C） national family planning policy （ D） Chinas reducing population 6 When I was
12、 walking down the street the other day, I happened to notice a small brown leather wallet lying on the sidewalk. I picked it up and opened it to see if I could find out the owners name. There was nothing inside it except some change and an old photograph a picture of a woman and a young girl about t
13、welve years old, who looked like the womans daughter. I put the photograph back and took the wallet to the police station, where I handed it to the desk sergeant. Before I left, the sergeant took down my name and address in case the owner might want to write and thank me. That evening I went to have
14、 dinner with my aunt and uncle. They had also invited a young woman so that there would be four people at the table. Her face was familiar. I was quite sure that we had not met before, but I couldnt remember where I had seen her. In the course of conversation, however, the young woman happened to me
15、ntion that she had lost her wallet that afternoon. All at once I realized where I had seen her. She was the young girl in the photograph, although she was now much older. She was very surprised, of course, when I was able to describe her wallet to her. Then I explained that I had recognized her from
16、 the photograph I had found in the wallet. My uncle insisted on going to the police station immediately to claim the wallet. As the police sergeant handed it over, he said that it was amazing that I had not only found the wallet, but also the person who had lost it. 7 The wallet which the writer fou
17、nd_. （ A） was empty （ B） had some money in it （ C） had a few coins and a photograph in it （ D） had an old photograph in it 8 The writer opened the wallet because he wanted to_ in it. （ A） find some money （ B） find some gold （ C） find the owners name （ D） find the owners photograph 9 The writer recog
18、nized the young woman because_. （ A） he had met her somewhere before （ B） she was the old woman in the photograph （ C） she often had dinner with his aunt and uncle （ D） she looked like the young girl in the photograph 10 The young woman told of her loss of the wallet_. （ A） at the beginning of the d
19、inner （ B） during the conversation （ C） as soon as she saw the writer （ D） after the dinner 11 The story was amazing because_. （ A） the writer found both the wallet and its owner （ B） the finder and the loser of the wallet were old friends （ C） the finder and the loser of the wallet met at the polic
20、e station （ D） the woman knew the writer and his uncle 12 Why was the young woman who had lost her wallet invited to dinner? （ A） She was familiar with the writers aunt. （ B） She was familiar with the writers uncle. （ C） She happened to be invited so as to amount to 4 persons for dinner. （ D） She wa
21、s friend of writers uncle and aunt. 12 At the fall 2001 Social Science History Association convention in Chicago, the Crime and Justice network sponsored a forum on the history of gun ownership, gun use, and gun violence in the United States. Our purpose was to consider how social science history mi
22、ght contribute to the public debate over gun control and gun rights. To date, we have had little impact on that debate. It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially scholars such as Gary Kleck, John Lott, and Michael Bellesiles, whose work, despite profound flaws,
23、 is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. Kleck and Mark Gertz, for instance, argue on the basis of their widely cited survey that gun owners prevent numerous crimes each year in the United States by using firearms to defend themselves and their property. If their s
24、urvey respondents are to be believed, American gun owners shot 100,000 criminals in 1994 in self-defense a preposterous number. Lott claims on the basis of his statistical analysis of recent crime rates that laws allowing private individuals to carry concealed firearms deter murders, rapes, and robb
25、eries, because criminals are afraid to attack potentially armed victims. However, he biases his results by confining his analysis to the year between 1977 and 1992, when violent crime rates had peaked and varied little from year to year. He reports only regression models that support his thesis and
26、neglects to mention that each of those models find a positive relationship between violent crime and real income, and an inverse relationship between violent crime and unemployment. Contrary to Kleck and Lott, Bellesiles insists that guns and Americas “gun culture“ are responsible for Americas high
27、rates of murder. In Bellesiles opinion, relatively few Americans owned guns before the 1850s or know how to use, maintain, or repair them. As a result, he says, guns contributed little to the homicide rate, especially among white, which was low everywhere, even in the South and on the frontier, wher
28、e historians once assume guns and murder went hand in hand. According to Bellesiles, these patterns changed dramatically after the Mexican War and especially after the Civil War, when gun ownership became widespread and cultural changes encouraged the use of handguns to command respect and resolve p
29、ersonal and political disputes. The result was an unprecedented wave of gun-related homicides that never truly abated. To this day, the United States has the highest homicide rate of any industrial democracy. Bellesiles low estimates of gun ownership in early America conflict, however, with those of
30、 every historian who has previously studied the subject and have thus far proven irreproducible. Every homicide statistic he presents is either misleading or wrong. Given the influence of Kleck, Lott, Bellesiles and other partisan scholars on the debate over gun control and gun rights, we felt a nee
31、d to pull together what social science historians have learned to date about the history of gun ownership and gun violence in A-merica, and to consider what research methods and projects might increase our knowledge in the near future. 13 Which of following statements is true about the public debate
32、 over gun network? （ A） It has little influence on the forum sponsored by the Crime and Justice network. （ B） Neither supporters nor opponents of gun control cite the works of scholars. （ C） The works of mainstream social scientists have great impact on it. （ D） Many social science historians have s
33、o far failed to take part in it. 14 The author mentions Kleck, Lott, and Bellesiles mainly to . （ A） illustrate the influence they have on the issue of gun control （ B） refute the claim that private ownership of firearms will deter violent crimes （ C） support the thesis that gun ownership leads to m
34、ore violence （ D） demonstrate why research methods should be improved in the study of the gun ownership history 15 The authors main criticism of John Lott is that he_. （ A） advocates private ownership of firearms （ B） is not objective in his analysis （ C） has analyzed a wrong period （ D） has cited d
35、ubious statistics 16 With which of the following will Bellesiles most probably agree? （ A） Gun control should be tightened. （ B） Guns have little to do with murder. （ C） Gun culture was the result of high homicide rates in America. （ D） The statistics that earlier historians produced of gun ownershi
36、p is reliable. 17 The passage is primarily concerned with_. （ A） resolving a public dispute over gun control （ B） describing the effects of earlier studies on gun control （ C） analyzing the flaws in the previous theories about gun control （ D） summarizing the recent development in the studies of gun
37、 control 18 In the fourth sentence of first passage, the sentence “despite profound flaws“ means_. （ A） the books of the scholars were profound and wrong in some aspects （ B） there were many mistakes in the books of the scholars （ C） the books of the scholars were not perfect then （ D） the books of
38、the scholars were very wrong in some aspects 18 Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious“ both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed peoples natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin(亲戚 )and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial
39、relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obviousness“ is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community.
40、 But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of me
41、aningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style
42、of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about cri
43、me, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers. Moreove
44、r, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a communitys population size and its social heterogeneity(多样性 ). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more like
45、ly than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan(见多识广者的 )outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everythi
46、ng considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size. 19 Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph? （ A） Two contrasting views are presented. （ B） An argument is examined and possible solutions given. （ C） Resea
47、rch results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time. （ D） A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given. 20 According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents_. （ A） did not have the same interests as their nei
48、ghbors （ B） could not develop long-standing relationships （ C） tended to be associated with bad behavior （ D） usually had more friends 21 One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors_. （ A） disrupt peoples natural relations （ B） make them worry about crime （
49、 C） cause them not to show concern for one another （ D） cause them to be suspicious of each other 22 It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is, _. （ A） the better its quality of life （ B） the more similar its interests （ C） the more tolerant and open-minded it is （ D） the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress 23 What is the passage mainly about? （ A） Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-town dwell
