1、在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 58及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acr
2、oss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 Margherita is a London girl and arriving at Capital was like coming home. “I grew up listening to Capital Radio,“ she says. People say, “Wasnt it frightening, joining such well-known presenters?“ But everyone here is so down to earth. I
3、t would be off-putting if the others had people doing their make-up, or star signs on their office doors. But theres none of thatMick Brown, for instance, finishes his show and wanders off to get the bus home with everyone else. Margherita says that her own musical tastes varied. But she doesnt pick
4、 her own music for her shows. The Capital computer selects the records in advance from a list approved by the station managers. “The station has a certain sound, and if we all picked our own music, it wouldnt sound like Capital,“ she says. “But for someone who likes music, this is a dream job. I get
5、 to go to concerts and meet the bands you can hear on my show. Its great to hear the behind the scenes gossip. “ Most people would expect that a presenters most important qualities are a nice voice and huge amounts of confidence, but Margherita says that basic maths is handy as well. “You have to ma
6、ke sure that youve got an eye on everything thats going on in the studio, but youve got to be able to add and subtract and think in minutes and seconds,“ she says. “Youre dealing with timed records, and with announcements and commercials that are also timed precisely, and you have to be ready to swi
7、tch to the news at exactly the right second. If youre going over to a live event, you need to be ready, for that on time, not a second earlier or later. “ This isnt the sort of girl to let the rock n roll lifestyle go to her head. Even if she did her family would bring her down to earth. “When I sta
8、rted at Capital the only thing my brothers asked was whether theyd get free records,“ she remembers. “And my mum couldnt even find the station on her radio. “ Margherita Taylor is very nice and very easy-going, but very much in control. She is so much a “Capital Radio girl“ that you might think she
9、is just doing a good job for the stations publicity department, although you know what shes saying really comes from the heart. She smiles a lot, laughs a lot and is generally a great advert for Capital. 1 What does “that“(Sentence 6, Para. 1)refer to? （ A） The fame of the other presenters. （ B） Mar
10、gheritas fear of the other staff. （ C） Self-important behaviour by other presenters. （ D） Bad treatment of Margherita by the other staff. 2 One point Margherita makes about her job is that_. （ A） she has changed her attitude to music （ B） she is unhappy that records she plays are chosen for her （ C）
11、 she likes most of the music that she plays on her show （ D） she enjoys talking to the people whose records she plays 3 What does Margherita say about presenting a show? （ A） It is essential to keep in mind what is going to happen next. （ B） It is more complicated than she had previously thought. （
12、C） The ability to add and subtract is the most important requirement. （ D） The content of a show is sometimes changed suddenly. 4 How have Margheritas family reacted to her success? （ A） With caution. （ B） Without interest. （ C） With surprise. （ D） Without excitement. 5 In the final paragraph, what
13、does the author say about Margherita? （ A） She was different from what she had expected. （ B） She genuinely believes that Capital is a good radio station. （ C） She feels it necessary to talk about Capital Radio all the time. （ D） She has already changed her job at Capital radio. 6 The phrase “down t
14、o earth“ means_. （ A） healthy （ B） straightforward （ C） frank （ D） pragmatic 6 A. Dont leave the audience out. B. Make it simple to understand. C. Be prepared and practice. D. Complement your speech with visual aids. E. Pick a topic that interests you. Giving speeches and presentations is an inevita
15、ble part of life. Whether it be at school or at a conference, speeches and orals dominate most fields of study. What is worse is that over three quarters of the population fear presentations in front of people even though, eight times out of ten there is nothing to fear or be anxious about. For the
16、remaining 20 percent, the following tips will help you better prepare for a public speech and to better deliver, starting today. 【 R1】 _ Part of being nervous during an oral or presentation is due to the fact that you feel like you will forget critical pieces of information or that you will get up i
17、n front of everyone and forget everything. Practice, over and over, until you are able to do your presentation with the minimal amount of cue cards. Practice in different settings, in front of different people. 【 R2】 _ It is hard to speak passionately and with conviction when you are talking about s
18、omething that you couldnt care about to save your life. Pick a topic that you know about so that you will be able to inject a little charisma into your speech. When questions come around at the end, you will be more equipped to answer them if you love what you talked about. Also, picking a topic tha
19、t interests you, but that you dont necessarily know a lot about, makes information found regarding that topic easier to encode into long term memory and then to retrieve it! Easier to remember makes for an easier performance. 【 R3】 _ When the audience is pulled into your speech, or is forced to inte
20、ract with you while you are giving your speech, their curiosity and attention will be on you. When you do not interact with the audience, you are giving them a huge opportunity to daydream, doze off and not listen. Why spend all that time on a speech to have your audience fall asleep? 【 R4】 _ Not ev
21、eryone will understand what you are saying and not everyone is interested in what you are saying, especially when the topic is difficult to start with. Even when you define difficult terms they may not keep up. No one cares about how smart you sound. Losing your audience is not ideal either, which i
22、s inevitable if they dont understand. If you have to use complicated terms, complement them with an easy to understand example of what you mean. 【 R5】 _ Use power point slides or projectors. Illustrate your examples and put definitions of difficult concepts on simple slides. Some people learn better
23、 visually. Dress properly. Do not dress like you are staying in for the day, i.e. sweat pants? Dress like you mean it and are interested in what you are doing. Dress like you are taking this seriously. What you wear says something about you and people take those who dress seriously, more seriously a
24、nd think they are more competent. Keep your audience hanging and thinking. Close your speech by leaving your audience thinking. This will perpetuate your speech and cultivate curiosity in others. It will also leave you and your speech more memorable. Everything from dressing to the way you deliver y
25、our speech is important. It is through practice that you will be able to relieve a bit of the anxiety and fear that accompanies public speaking. Speaking slow and with conviction will captivate the audience and leave them wanting more. Remember, anxiety is normal, but if you work through it you will
26、 find that it is not as bad as you make it out to be. 7 【 R1】 8 【 R2】 9 【 R3】 10 【 R4】 11 【 R5】 11 Each year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However,
27、International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This non-governmental organization has developed technology to harvest rainwater. People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe, dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water, rainwater conta
28、ins no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all, it is free. The rainwater harvesting system created by International Development Enterprises uses pipes to collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the tops of buildings to a two-meter tall storage tank
29、 made of metal. At the top of the tank is a so-called “first-flush“ device made of wire screen. This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank. A fitted cover sits over the “first-flush“ device. It protects the water inside the tank from evaporating. The cover also p
30、revents mosquito insects from laying eggs in the water. Inside the tank is a low coat plastic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside another plastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank. All total, the water storage system can hold up t
31、o three-thousand-five-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two to three years. However, if the bags are not damaged by sunlight, they could last even longer. International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting sy
32、stem should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The group says one tank can provide a
33、family of five with enough rainwater to survive a five-month dry season. 12 People in Bangladesh can use_as a safe source of drinking water. （ A） ground water （ B） rainwater （ C） drinking water （ D） fresh water 13 Which of the following contributes to the low-cost of using rainwater? （ A） Rainwater
34、is free of chemical treatments. （ B） People have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. （ C） The water harvesting system is built on a platform. （ D） Rainwater can be collected using pipes. 14 Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank? （ A） A barrier. （
35、B） A wire screen. （ C） A first-flush. （ D） A storage tank. 15 The bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by_. （ A） mosquito insects （ B） a fitted cover （ C） a first-flush device （ D） sunlight 16 What should be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the bott
36、om? （ A） The two bags holding the water should be put inside the metal tank. （ B） The inner bags need to be replaced every two years. （ C） The water harvesting system should be built on a platform. （ D） A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating it. 17 We can infer from this article the f
37、ollowing points except that_. （ A） the problem of shortage of drinking water in other countries can be solved by applying the rain collection system （ B） the collected rain water is safer to drink than the ground water （ C） Bangladesh people are no longer upset about the shortage of drinking water （
38、 D） the rain collection device might also help to solve the problem of industry in shortage of water supply 17 Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for
39、 example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics
40、. The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conformi
41、ng to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them. Every parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition of each new skillthe first s
42、poken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to
43、use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things
44、for himself. Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co
45、-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or per
46、sonal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness and well-being. 18 The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children_. （ A） is to send them to clinics （ B） offers
47、 recapture of earlier experiences （ C） is in the provision of clockwork toys and trains （ D） is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced 19 The child in the nursery_. （ A） quickly learns to wait for food （ B） doesnt initially sleep and wake at regular intervals （ C） always accepts th
48、e rhythm of the world around them （ D） always feels the world around him is warm and friendly 20 The encouragement of children to achieve new skills_. （ A） can never be taken too far （ B） should be left to school teachers （ C） will always assist their development （ D） should be balanced between two
49、extremes 21 Jigsaw puzzles are_. （ A） toe difficult for children （ B） a kind of building-block toy （ C） not very entertaining for adults （ D） suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation 22 Parental controls and discipline_. （ A） serve a dual purpose （ B） should be avoided as much as possible （ C） reflect the values of the community （ D） are designed to promote the childs happiness 23 What should be the theme of the article? （ A） A child needs to be made good of that stage of dev
