1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 177及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Refuse Tourists? You should write at least 150 words following the outlines given below: 1. 有人认为大学校园应该禁止旅游团参观； 2有人认为大学校园应该向旅游团开放； 3
2、你的观点。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in t
3、he passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Water Problems Where s the water? Water. If youve got it, you probably take it for granted. But a quick look at the globe - and a chat with t
4、he tiny group of researchers who are worrying about fresh water - both indicate that water shortages are very serious. And they arent necessarily in the future, either. Here s what we ve read in the past week or so. . Mexico City (home to 20 million people) is sinking because the city sucks out unde
5、rground water faster than the aquifer can be refilled. . Florida wants to refill its overpumped aquifer (蓄水层 ) with untreated surface water, despite federal regulations to the contrary. . Texas is moving toward private, for-profit water sales. The water will be “mined“ from aquifers that are disappe
6、aring fast. No word on what the private suppliers, including corporate raider T. Boone Pickens, will do once the aquifers run dry. . Aquifers around the world are being overtapped for irrigated agriculture, which fills about 40 percent of the global larder. . The Bush Administration has withdrawn a
7、proposed tightening of the arsenic standard for drinking water. Critics say the old rule, dating to 1942, could allow thousands of cases of cancer and other diseases. Meanwhile, in Bangladesh, what s been called the “largest poisoning of a population in history“ has 35 to 77 million people drinking
8、arsenic-laced water. . A showdown is looming over the Tigris(底格里斯河 ) and Euphrates Rivers （幼发拉底河） , which originate in Turkey, theft water both Syria and Iraq. If Turkey goes ahead with a series of dams, the downriver nations could starve. You don t miss your water, an old blues sage wisely said, un
9、til your well runs dry. Down here on planet Earth, the well is starting to run dry. Weve seen projections that three billion people -half of todays population - will be short of water in 2025. Places short of water Seen from a global water map, water is shortest in equatorial countries, often where
10、populations are rising. Here are some examples of countries facing water shortage problem. China, with 1.26 billion people, is “the one area worrying most people most of the time,“ says Marq de: Villiers, author of the recently published “Water “. In dry Northern China, he says, “the water tame is d
11、ropping one meter per year due to overpumping, and the Chinese admit that 300 cities are running short. They are diverting water from agriculture and farmers are going out of business.“ Some Chinese rivers are so polluted with heavy metals that they can t be used for irrigation, he adds. “They re di
12、sgraceful, unusable, industrial sewers,“ says de Villiers. As farmers go out of business, China will have to import more food. In India, home to 1.002 billion people, key aquifers are being overpumped, and the soil is growing saltier through contamination with irrigation water. Irrigation was a key
13、to increasing food production in India during the green revolution, and as the population surges toward a projected 1.363 billion in 2025, its crops will continue to depend on clean water and clean soil. Israel (population 6.2 million), invented many water-conserving technologies, but water withdraw
14、als still exceed resupply. Overpumping of aquifers along the coast is allowing seawater to pollute drinking water. Like neighboring Jordan, Israel is largely dependent on the Jordan River for fresh water. Water Fight Egypt, whose population of 68 million may reach 97 million by 2025, gets essentiall
15、y no rainfall. All agriculture is irrigated by seasonal floods from the Nile River, and from water stored behind the Aswan High Dam. Any interference with water flow by Sudan or Ethiopia could starve Egypt. “The Nile is one I worry about,“ says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Proj
16、ect. Egypt, She says, is militarily powerful but vulnerable. “The hydropolitics might favor some military action, because Egypt is so heavily dependent on the Nile, its already virtually tapping out the supply, and Ethiopia is now getting interested in developing the headwaters.“ When a World Bank o
17、fficial suggested several years ago that water wars are not far off, he might have had Egypt on his mind - or Turkey, Syria and Iraq, another trio of Middle-Eastern states that are locked in an uncomfortable embrace over water. The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers both rise in Turkey and flow unimpeded t
18、o Syria and Iraq, where they provide the bulk of irrigation water needed in the arid climate. Turkey has proposed a series of dams that would reduce river flow. That causes alarm downstream. Cooperation on water Despite the potential for fights over water, shortages can increase cooperation as well
19、as friction. Jordan and Israel closely cooperate on the preservation of the Jordan River. Author de Villiers says water shortages, rather than exacerbating tensions in the Middle East, “have brought them together“ - although we wouldnt overstate the degree of cooperation. Egypt stores a great amount
20、 of Nile water behind the Aswan High Dam, but the high rate of evaporation in the desert is an incentive to transfer the storage upstream, where, according to Postel, it would evaporate one-third as fast. Although that would leave more water to be shared, Egypt would never allow Ethiopia to build da
21、ms without assurances of a steady water supply in drought years. Although there s no agreement yet, there s been some cooperation, Postel says. “Ethiopia and Egypt meet about water every year, trying to work toward a watersharing arrangement - something they would not have considered 10 years ago.“
22、There are other reasons for optimism about the generally dismal water situation. For example, total U.S. usage has dropped 20 percent from a peak in 1980. De ViUiers says some underdeveloped countries are likewise reducing consumption. “Namibia is famously thrifty for its use of water in dry years,
23、up to 30 percent of the capital s drinking water is recycled wastewater. Egypt recycles virtually everything they get.“ And while rivers are heavily polluted in China and elsewhere, a few rivers are being restored. De Villiers says the Rhine, once called the sewer of Europe, has been cleaned up over
24、 the past decade or so. “I d not want to drink it, but fish are reappearing in the river.“ Can technology help? Because water is generally used so inefficiently, Postel calls conservation “the last oasis.“ Simple devices like low-flow toilets can cut usage by 70 percent. When New York City was faced
25、 with spending $1 billion on a new pumping station in the early 1990s, it opted instead to replace toilets. By 1997, after the city spent $295 million on incentives, 1.33 million new toilets had been installed, saving 70 million to 90 million gallons per day. Overall, per capita consumption dropped
26、from 195 gallons in 1991 to 169 gallons in 1999. Agriculture, which uses about 70 percent of total fresh water, offers much larger savings. Drip irrigation, pioneered by Israel, delivers water directly to the crops roots. Although its more expensive to start with, its far more frugal as well in term
27、s of water. And delivering water steadily to the roots improves production as well. Postel writes, “Studies in India, Israel, Jordan, Spain and the U.S. have shown time and again that drip irrigation reduces water use by 30 to 70 percent and increases crop yield by 20 to 90 percent compared with flo
28、oding methods.“ Reuse of wastewater is becoming a fact of life in many arid regions, including Egypt, Israel, and the American Southwest. Depending on its cleanliness, water may be used to irrigate non-food crops, or even food crops. In the extreme example, Namibia, as weve seen, drinks treated wast
29、ewater in drought years. Desalination - the removal of salt from salt water - would be the ultimate solution to water woes if it can be done cheaply enough. That s a big if: “The best estimates are $2 to $2.50 per ton for desalination,“ says de Villiers. “That not really that far from the real cost
30、of delivering water from the Colorado River, but California s water is so heavily subsidized that they are paying 10 cents per ton when the real cost is closer to $2.50 per ton.“ Desalination also takes a lot of electricity, de Villiers notes. “Unless somebody comes up with a way to do it with less
31、energy,“ the cost of more fresh water could be increased global warming. 2 Mexico City is sinking because the city uses underground water slower than the aquifer can be refilled. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 The Bush Administration opposes tightening the arsenic standard for drinking water. （ A） Y （ B） N
32、 （ C） NG 4 In 2025, half of today s population will be in shortage of water. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 In China, some rivers are so polluted that fish can t grow in them. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 India s population will surge toward a projected _in 202 7 All agriculture in Egypt is watered by _. 8 Acco
33、rding to a World Bank official, there will be _in the near future. 9 Turkey is the source place of _and _Rivers 10 Ethiopia and Egypt now talk about water every year to seek 11 Drip irrigation is a way of delivering water directly to Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conve
34、rsations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C an
35、d D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） To cancel his trip. （ B） To go to bed early. （ C） To catch a later flight. （ D） To ask for a wake-up call. （ A） They have different opinions as to what to do next. （ B） They have to pay for the nurse by installments. （ C） They will fix a telephone in th
36、e bathroom. （ D） The mans attitude is more sensible than the womans. （ A） She will save the stamps for the mans sister. （ B） She will no longer get letters from Canada. （ C） She cant give the stamps to the mans sister. （ D） She has given the stamps to the mans roommates. （ A） Visiting the Brownings.
37、 （ B） Writing a postcard. （ C） Looking for a postcard. （ D） Filling in a form. （ A） The man should work with somebody else. （ B） The man should meet his partners needs. （ C） They should come to a compromise. （ D） They should find a better lab for the projects. （ A） She cant finish her assignment, ei
38、ther. （ B） She cant afford a computer fight now. （ C） The man can use her computer. （ D） The man should buy a computer fight now. （ A） The visiting economist has given several lectures. （ B） The guest lecturers opinion is different from Dr. Johnsons. （ C） Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoo
39、lmates. （ D） Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college. （ A） Shes never watched a letter game. （ B） Football is her favorite pastime. （ C） The game has been canceled. （ D） Their team played very. badly. （ A） In a library. （ B） In a school. （ C） In a bookstore. （ D） In a publishers off
40、er. （ A） Talk to some politicians. （ B） Sign her name in the book. （ C） Sell some of bet books. （ D） Do some research. （ A） She might be wasting her time. （ B） He can help her locate the name. （ C） She had better get two poetry books instead. （ D） She should wait and check the book out of the librar
41、y. （ A） Fried chicken. （ B） Sandwiches. （ C） Pizza （ D） Kebabs. （ A） Seven times. （ B） Five times. （ C） At least seven times. （ D） At least five times. （ A） It tastes good. （ B） It is cheap. （ C） It is healthy. （ D） It is convenient. （ A） Because it is short of vitamins. （ B） Because it is not very
42、clean. （ C） Because there are additives. （ D） Because there are not many varieties. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,
43、 you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The color of the dog. （ B） The price of the dog. （ C） Whether the dog will fit the environment. （ D） Whether the dog will get along with the other pets in the house. （ A） It must be trained so it wont bite. （ B） It nee
44、ds more love and care. （ C） It demands more food and space. （ D） It must be looked after carefully. （ A） They are less likely to run away. （ B） Its easier for their masters to train them. （ C） They are less likely to be shy with human beings. （ D） Its easier for them to form a relationship with thei
45、r masters. （ A） They often go for walks at a leisurely pace. （ B） They usually have a specific purpose in mind. （ C） They like the seaside more than the countryside. （ D） They seldom plan their leisure activities in advance. （ A） Their hardworking spirit. （ B） Their patience in Waiting for theatre t
46、ickets. （ C） Their delight in leisure activities. （ D） Their enthusiasm for the arts. （ A） The Polish people can now spend their leisure time in various ways. （ B） The Polish people are fond of walking leisurely in the countryside. （ C） The Polish people enjoy picking wild fruit in their leisure tim
47、e. （ D） The Polish people like to spend their holidays abroad. （ A） Putting a roof on a barn. （ B） Harvesting water reeds. （ C） Using stone as a building material. （ D） Daily farm operations. （ A） Clay tiles. （ B） Slate or stone. （ C） Wooden shingles. （ D） Reeds or straw. （ A） Its manufactured to be
48、 strong. （ B） It bends without breaking. （ C） Thatchers nail it down securely. （ D） The winds can pass through it easily. （ A） If people had more time to learn how to do it. （ B） If its cost went down. （ C） If it could make buildings more attractive. （ D） If people realized its many advantages. Sect
49、ion C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have j
