1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 207及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Is City the Only Working Place for College Graduates? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1. 目前，大学毕业生仍把城市作为就业的第一选择 2造成这和
2、现象的原因 3.其实，家村和落后地区对于大学生的发展更有优势 Is City the Only Working Place for College Graduates? 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions
3、 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Organic Food Organic farming was among the fastest growing seg
4、ments of U.S. agriculture during the 1990s. The value of retail sales of organic food was estimated to be 16 billion in 2004. According to the Food Marketing Institute, more than half of Americans now buy organic food at least once a month. Why is organic food becoming so popular? What is Organic Fo
5、od? In December 2000, the National Organic Standards Board of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) established a national standard for the term “organic“. Organic food, defined by how it cannot be made rather than how it can be made, must be produced without the use of sewer-sludge fertilizers,
6、 most synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, genetic engineering (biotechnology), growth hormones, irradiation and antibiotics. A variety of agricultural products can be produced organically, including produce, grains, meat, dairy, eggs, and processed food products. “Organic“ does not mean “natural“.
7、 There is no legal definition as to what constitutes a “natural“ food. However, the food industry uses the term “natural“ to indicate that a food has been minimally processed and is preservative-free. Natural foods can include organic foods, but not all natural foods are organic. Only foods labeled
8、“organic“ have been certified as meeting USDA organic standards. Organic Farming The phrase “organic farming“ first appeared in Lord Northbournes book Look to the Land, published in 1940. But the truth is, organic farming is the oldest form of agriculture. Before the end of World War , arming withou
9、t the use of petroleum-based chemicals (synthetic fertilizers and pesticides) was the only option for farmers. Technologies developed during the war were found to be useful for agricultural production. For example, the chemical ammonium nitrate (硝酸铵 ), which was used as munitions (军需品 ), became usef
10、ul as fertilizer, and organophosphates (有机磷酸盐 ) used for nerve gas were later used as insecticide. These days, farmers are switching to organic agriculture once again, but now with an ecologically based, systematic approach that includes long-term planning, detailed record keeping and major investme
11、nt in equipment and supplies. Although it is still only a small industry, the number of organic farmers is growing by about 12 percent per year and now stands at more than 12, 000 nationwide. Organic Farming in the U.S. Today The USDAs Economic Research Service reports that in 1997, the latest year
12、for which data are available, farmers in 49 states used organic production methods and third party organic certification services on 1.35 million acres out of a total 828 million aces of farmland. Approximately two-thirds of the certified U.S. organic farmland was used for crops, and one-third was u
13、sed as pasture. Large farms, mostly located in the Midwest and West, produced processed tomatoes, organic wine grapes and other high-value crops on a commercial scale, whereas numerous small farms, concentrated in the Northeast, specialized in mixed vegetable production for direct marketing to consu
14、mers and restaurants. While organic food can be found throughout the country, California was the leader in production of organic fruits and vegetables in 1997, followed closely by Arizona, Florida, Texas, and Washington in decreasing order of total yield. Farmers and ranchers in 23 states raised a s
15、mall number of certified organic cows, hogs and sheep. New York, Wisconsin and Minnesota were the top producers of organic dairy cows. Production: Organic vs. Conventional As you can imagine, organic agricultural practices are quite distinct from those of “conventional“ farming. Conventional farmers
16、 apply chemical fertilizers to the soil to grow their crops; spray with insecticides to protect crops from pests and disease; use synthetic herbicides to control weed growth; Organic farmers feed soil and build soil matter with natural fertilizer to grow their crops; use insect predators, mating dis
17、ruption, traps and barriers to protect crops from pests and disease; make use of crop rotation, mechanical tillage and hand-weeding, as well as cover crops, mulches, flame weeding and other management methods to control weed growth; As a last resort, organic farmers may apply certain botanical or ot
18、her non-synthetic pesticides. How Do I Know if a Food is Organic? Look for the word “organic“ on vegetables or pieces of fruit, or on the sign above the organic produce display. The word “organic“ may also appear on packages of meat, carton of milk or eggs, cheese and other single-ingredient foods.
19、Foods labeled “100 percent Organic“ must contain only organic ingredients. Products containing at least 70 percent organic content can be labeled “made with organic ingredients.“ Those foods labeled simply “organic“ must have at least 95 percent organic ingredients, by weight or fluid volume, exclud
20、ing water and salt. Anyone who knowingly sells or labels a product “organic“ that is not produced and handled in accordance with these regulations can face a civil penalty of up to 10,000. Foods grown and processed according to the federal standards will in most cases bear the seal “USDA Organic“. A
21、s its use is voluntary, companies may choose not to display the seal. Why Should I Care if a Food is Organic? According to the USDA, organic food production allows farmers to lower input costs, decrease reliance on nonrenewable resources, capture high value markets and premium prices, and boost farm
22、 income. Organic agriculture also has many important environmental benefits: It promotes sustainability by establishing an ecological balance to prevent soil fertility or pest problems. In the long run, organic farms tend to conserve energy and protect the environment by maintaining ecological harmo
23、ny. It enhances biodiversity, or the presence of multiple plant and/or animal species. Having a highly diverse genetic pool becomes useful in the future when beneficial characteristics can be tapped. Because organic agriculture utilizes practices such as crop rotations, inter-cropping, symbiotic ass
24、ociations, cover crops and minimum tillage, the length of time that the soil is exposed to erosive forces is decreased, which minimizes nutrient losses and boosts soil productivity. By not using synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, organic agriculture reduces pollution of groundwater. Organic agric
25、ulture helps to minimize the greenhouse effect and global warming through its ability to keep carbon in the soil. Why is Organic Food So Expensive? Prices tend to be higher for organic than conventional products. As stated on the Web site of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United
26、Nations (UN), certified organic products are generally more expensive than conventional counterparts because The organic food supply is limited as compare to demand. Production costs for organic foods are typically higher because Of greater labor input and because farmers dont produce enough of a si
27、ngle product to lower the overall cost. Post-harvest handling of relatively small quantities of organic foods results in higher costs because organic and conventional produce must he separated for processing and transportation. Marketing and the distribution chain for organic products are relatively
28、 inefficient, and costs are higher because of relatively small volumes. The FAO also notes that as the demand for organic food and products increases, technological innovations and economies of scale should reduce costs of production, processing, distribution and marketing for organic produce. Is Or
29、ganic Food Better than Conventional Food? Organic and conventional food must meet the same quality and safety standards. Organic food differs from conventionally produced food simply in the way it is grown, handled and processed. There is no scientific evidence to suggest that it is more nutritious
30、or safer than conventional food. A recently published report indicates that organic food is less likely to contain pesticide residues than conventional food. Yet, according to the National Research Council, the traces of pesticides left on conventionally grown products are unlikely to cause an incre
31、ased cancer risk. Also, if fruits and vegetables are properly washed, most of the chemicals can be removed. As for taste, thats up to you to decide what you like best. In general, people tend to find that the fresher a food is, the better it tastes, regardless of how it was produced. 2 The passage i
32、s mainly about the differences between conventional and organic farming. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Organic agriculture has become a big industry as more and more farmers are switching to it. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Organic food is not necessarily better than conventional food in terms of nutrition, sa
33、fety or taste. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 According to the FAO, as the demand for organic food and products increases, prices will be lower for organic products than conventional products. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Organic agriculture contributes to slowing down the global temperature increase through it
34、s ability to _. 7 Most of the foods grown and processed according to the federal standards will bear the seal _. 8 are applied in conventional farming for weed control. 9 According to the USDA, _ tend to be reduced in organic food production. 10 The first use of the term organic farming is usually c
35、redited to _ in his 1940 book Look to the Land. 11 Different from large organic farms, small organic farms were mainly engaged in _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be ask
36、ed about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） They should meet another time this week. （ B） She wont
37、 be busy this week. （ C） She is angry that the man doesnt wait for her. （ D） There wont be another time available for them in this week to meet. （ A） Try the train ticket instead. （ B） Book an air ticket in advance. （ C） Wait for others to cancel their booking. （ D） Buy a ticket at a higher price. （
38、 A） The library has already chosen some people to work there. （ B） She is going to give the man a job offer. （ C） The library is looking for more applicants. （ D） The man should hurry up. （ A） He didnt call the hotel in advance. （ B） He will leave immediately. （ C） He refuses to take the room the ho
39、tel offers. （ D） He dislikes the hotel. （ A） She goes out for shopping. （ B） She is a good student. （ C） She always talks on the phone. （ D） She is good at cooking. （ A） He forgets the name of the dentist. （ B） He also suffers from toothache now. （ C） He suggested the woman to see a dentist a week a
40、go. （ D） He has been busy all the week. （ A） Lend the novel to the man. （ B） Ask Alice to see if she can lend the novel to the man. （ C） Buy the novel from Alice. （ D） Visit Alice in the hospital （ A） The drama wasnt interesting at all. （ B） His watch is expensive. （ C） He had another appointment la
41、st night. （ D） The woman should have been there last night. （ A） Chinese ancient history. （ B） European history. （ C） American native civilization. （ D） American history. （ A） To suppress the American natives. （ B） To discover the American ancient tradition. （ C） To make a new way of living. （ D） To
42、 establish their own traditions in the North America. （ A） The native traditions were subjected by the immigrants authority. （ B） The native traditions were too ancient to be useful to the modern countries. （ C） The native traditions were dead ones. （ D） Both A and C. （ A） Shes got good results in a
43、ll subjects. （ B） She has no clear idea about all the results. （ C） She hasnt got very good results in some subjects. （ D） She doesnt care about them at all. （ A） He doesnt have enough money. （ B） He wants to earn some money. （ C） He wants to study for the next term. （ D） He wants to camp with the w
44、oman. （ A） Because she didnt find suitable courses. （ B） because the summer courses of this year were the same as beore. （ C） Because her friends persuaded her to do so. （ D） Because she wants to do some different things. （ A） Enough food for a week. （ B） A sleeping bag and a raincoat. （ C） Hiking b
45、oots and bathing suit. （ D） A camping tent. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from th
46、e four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Local newspaper. （ B） National newspaper. （ C） Google. （ D） News websites on the Internet. （ A） Because nationals are extremely strict in choosing journalists. （ B） Because nationals have already employed many journalists. （ C） Because nationals pay little s
47、alary. （ D） Because nationals seldom recruit inexperienced employee. （ A） Use Google to search them one by one. （ B） Contact the webmaster or editor with a proposal and a sample work. （ C） Register yourself as a member of all the websites. （ D） Read all the current news, stories, articles or technic
48、al publications on the websites. （ A） They published scientific evidence to determine second hand smoke as a cause of cancer. （ B） They denied the suspicion that second hand smoke may cause cancer. （ C） They discovered all the causes of cancer. （ D） They agreed that moderate smoke wont cause cancer.
49、 （ A） He worked for a medical periodical. （ B） He published a paper about computer science. （ C） He suggested a link between smoke and lung cancer. （ D） He opened a hospital with his partner. （ A） Whether second hand smoking is liked with cancer. （ B） Whether active smoking is linked with cancer. （ C） Whether passive smoking by children is liked with childhood cancers. （ D） Whether an average degree of passive smoking is harmful. （ A） A d
