1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 306及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Changes in Peoples Ways of Communication. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 以下图为依据描述 1975年和 1995年人们交流通讯方式的
2、变化情况 2. 说明引起变化的各种原因 3. 预测未来的情况二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with th
3、e information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Hydrogen Economy It seems that every day there is a new announcement in the news about automobiles powered by fue
4、l cells. The promises are great, since fuel cells have the potential to very quickly double the efficiency of cars while significantly reducing air pollution. At the same time, there have been news stories for decades about the problems associated with petroleum. Everything from oil spills to ozone
5、(臭氧 ) alerts to global warming gets blamed on our dependence on fossil fuels. These two forces are leading the worm toward what is broadly known as the hydrogen economy. If the predictions are true, over the next several decades we will all begin to see an amazing shift away from the fossil fuel eco
6、nomy we have today toward a much cleaner hydrogen future. Problems with the Fossil Fuel Economy While fossil fuels have played an important role in getting society to the point it is at today, there are four big problems that fossil fuels create. Air pollution When cars burn gasoline, the internal c
7、ombustion engine also produces carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas Nitrogen oxides (氮氧化物 ), the main source of urban smog unburned hydrocarbons, the main source of urban ozone. Environmental pollution The process of transporting and storing oil has a big impact on the environment whenever something goe
8、s wrong. An oil spill, pipeline explosion or well fire can create a huge mess. Global warming The carbon dioxide coming out of every cars tailpipe is a greenhouse gas that is slowly raising the temperature of the planet. The ultimate effects are unknown, but it is a strong possibility that, eventual
9、ly, there will be dramatic climate changes that affect everyone on the planet. Dependence The United States, and most other countries, cannot produce enough oil to meet demand, so they import it from oil-rich countries. That creates an economic dependence. When Middle East oil producers decide to ra
10、ise the price of oil, the rest of the world has little choice but to pay the higher price. Advantages of the Hydrogen Economy The hydrogen economy promises to eliminate all of the problems that the fossil fuel economy creates. Therefore, the advantages of the hydrogen economy include. The eliminatio
11、n of pollution caused by fossil fuels When hydrogen is used in a fuel cell to create power, it is a completely clean technology. The only byproduct is water. There are also no environmental dangers like oil spills to worry about with hydrogen. The elimination of greenhouse gases If the hydrogen come
12、s from the electrolysis of water, then hydrogen adds no greenhouse gases to the environment. There is a perfect cycle-electrolysis produces hydrogen from water, and the hydrogen recombines with oxygen to create water and power in a fuel cell. The elimination of economic dependence The elimination of
13、 oil means no dependence on the Middle East and its oil reserves. Distributed production-Hydrogen can be produced anywhere that you have electricity and water. People can even, produce it in their homes with relatively simple technology. The problems with the fossil fuel economy are so great, and th
14、e environmental advantages of the hydrogen economy are so significant, that the push toward the hydrogen economy is very strong. Technological Hurdles(障碍 ) The big question with the hydrogen economy is, “Where does the hydrogen come from?“ After that comes the question of transporting, distributing
15、and storing hydrogen. Hydrogen tends to be large and tricky in its natural gaseous form. Once both of these questions are answered in an economical way, the hydrogen economy will be in place. Where does the hydrogen come from? There are two possible sources for the hydrogen: electrolysis (电解 ) of wa
16、ter Using electricity, it is easy to split water molecules to create pure hydrogen and oxygen. One big advantage of this process is that you can do it anywhere. For example, you could have a box in your garage producing hydrogen from tap water, and you could fuel your car with that hydrogen. Reformi
17、ng fossil fuels Oil and natural gas contain hydrocarbons-molecules consisting of hydrogen and carbon. Using a device called a fuel processor or a reformer, you can split the hydrogen off the carbon in a hydrocarbon relatively easily and then use the hydrogen. You discard the leftover carbon to the a
18、tmosphere as carbon dioxide. The second option is, of course, slightly perverse(不正当的 ). You are using fossil fuel as the source of hydrogen for the hydrogen economy. This approach reduces air pollution, but it doesnt solve either the greenhouse gas problem or the dependence problem. However, it may
19、be a good temporary step to take during the transition to the hydrogen economy. The interesting thing about the first option is that it is the core of the real hydrogen economy. To have a pure hydrogen economy, the hydrogen must be derived from renewable sources rather than fossil fuels so that we s
20、top releasing carbon into the atmosphere. Having enough electricity to separate hydrogen from water, and generating electricity without using fossil fuels, it will he the biggest change that we see in creating the hydrogen economy. Where will the electricity for the electrolysis of water come from?
21、Currently, about 68 percent of the electricity produced in the United States comes from coal or natural gas. All of that generating capacity will have to be replaced by renewable sources in the hydrogen economy. How Do You Store and Transport the Hydrogen? Hydrogen is a large gas of its kind, and it
22、 is not nearly as easy to work with as gasoline. Compressing the gas requires energy, and compressed hydrogen contains far less energy than the same volume of gasoline. However, solutions to the hydrogen storage problem are surfacing. For example, hydrogen can be stored in a solid form in a chemical
23、 called sodium borohydride (硼氢 ). Once the storage problem is solved and standardized, then a network of hydrogen stations and the transportation infrastructure will have to develop around it. The main barrier to this might be the technological sorting-out process. Stations will not develop quickly
24、until there is a storage technology that clearly dominates the marketplace. For instance, if all hydrogen powered ears from all manufacturers used sodium borohydride, then a station network could develop quickly. That sort of standardization is unlikely to happen rapidly, if history is any guide. Pr
25、ospects for the Future You will hear more and more about the hydrogen economy in the news in the coming months because the drumbeat is growing louder. The environmental problems of the fossil fuel economy are combining with breakthroughs in fuel-cell technology, and the pairing will allow us to take
26、 the first steps. The most obvious step we will see is the marketing of fuel cell powered vehicles. Although they will be powered initially by gasoline and reformers, fuel cells represent two major improvements over the internal combustion engine: they are about twice as efficient. They can signific
27、antly reduce air pollution in cities. 2 The passage gives a general description of the benefits and potential problems of a hydrogen economy. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Compared with other major industrialized countries, the United States depends more heavily on oil import. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Even
28、 if you have electricity and water, you still cannot produce hydrogen everywhere. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 We must derive hydrogen from renewable sources with a view to a pure hydrogen economy. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 So far, there seems to be no solution in sight as to how the hydrogen can be stored
29、. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 _ can pose a big problem to the environment. 8 In the United States, most of the electricity is generated from 9 Possible sources for the hydrogen are both electrolysis of water and_. 10 If the storage problem is_, a network of hydrogen stations and the transportation infra
30、structure will have to develop around it. 11 Concerning the future of the hydrogen economy, the most obvious step we will take is_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be aske
31、d about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He may convert it and use it as a restaurant. （ B） He m
32、ay pull it down and build a new restaurant. （ C） He may rent it out for use as a restaurant. （ D） He may sell it. （ A） The woman is upset because she didnt pass the examination. （ B） The woman doesnt hope for a promotion （ C） The man gets used to counting on the woman. （ D） The man thinks that the w
33、omen should be promoted. （ A） He is very quiet. （ B） He gives amusing lectures. （ C） He should give more than one series of talks. （ D） He lectures only to the serious students. （ A） Mark doesnt like water. （ B） Mark doesnt belong here. （ C） Mark is like a fish. （ D） Mark is in this class. （ A） He w
34、as very slow in doing things. （ B） He was the right person to do such a thing. （ C） He is expected to do such a thing. （ D） He would never do such a thing. （ A） A stormy ocean. （ B） Calm water. （ C） Golden sand. （ D） Little waves. （ A） He lost a button at work. （ B） He doesnt know where he put the c
35、alculator. （ C） He thinks he broke something the woman lent him. （ D） Hes not sure how to solve the math problem. （ A） He is having a hard time letting his apartment. （ B） He prefers his old tenant to the new one. （ C） He is not accustomed to living with the new tenant yet. （ D） He doesnt want to le
36、nd his apartment to her. （ A） How she is able to look younger and more energetic than her age. （ B） What is the best age of ones life and how she feels about her age. （ C） How people in their 20s and 30s differ in their attitudes toward what to do with their lives. （ D） Why people buy expensive face
37、 creams and if they really work. （ A） People between 25 and 30 dont want to talk about the consequences of what they do. （ B） People between 25 and 30 often fail to do anything because of lack of experience. （ C） People who are a bit older are more mature and are more likely to succeed. （ D） People
38、who are a bit older tend to hesitate before deciding what to do. （ A） She is very vain. （ B） She tries very hard to hide her real age from others. （ C） She had a good life when she was younger and still feels young at heart. （ D） She is no longer young but she manages to look younger by using expens
39、ive face creams. （ A） A new fuel for buses. （ B） The causes of air pollution. （ C） A way to improve fuel efficiency in buses. （ D） Careers in environmental engineering. （ A） Her car is being repaired. （ B） She wants to help reduce pollution. （ C） Parking is difficult in the city. （ D） The cost of fu
40、el has increased. （ A） A fuel that burns cleanly. （ B） An oil additive that helps cool engines. （ C） A material from which filters are made. （ D） An insulating material sprayed on engine parts. （ A） The high temperatures required for its use. （ B） The high cost of materials used in its production. （
41、 C） The lack of trained environmental engineers. （ D） The opposition of automobile manufacturers. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you he
42、ar a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The government officials. （ B） The factory owners. （ C） The criminals. （ D） The poor and immigrants. （ A） People needed places to work and live. （ B） City government was encouraging expansion. （ C） There
43、were few clearly defined neighborhoods. （ D） Real estate development was uncontrolled. （ A） Rapid population growth. （ B） Corrupt city government. （ C） Real estate speculators. （ D） Lack of immigration quotas. （ A） Separate houses were built for storing ice. （ B） Double walls were built in icehouses
44、 to keep cool. （ C） Blocks of ice were packed with hay in icehouses. （ D） Ice was put into icehouses in winter. （ A） The ice was cut and handled with the help of some special tools. （ B） The ice was taken from the flowing river with hooks and carried by sleds to icehouses. （ C） The ice was carried o
45、n the frozen surface of the pond or river. （ D） The ice was sawed into even blocks by workers. （ A） Saws, choppers, axes, tongs, hooks. （ B） Axes, saws, choppers, tongs, hooks. （ C） Choppers, axes, saws, hooks, tongs. （ D） Axes, saws, choppers, hooks, tongs. （ A） The population of elderly people. （
46、B） Nuclear weapon. （ C） Violence in crime. （ D） Living standards. （ A） Growth of violence on TV. （ B） Destructive threat from nuclear explosives. （ C） Decreasing of moral standards. （ D） All of the above. （ A） People are more destructive. （ B） People are more selfish. （ C） People do what they preach
47、 now. （ D） People do not have moral principles to follow now. （ A） Indifferent. （ B） Surprised. （ C） Worried. （ D） Confident. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. Whe
48、n the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just
49、 heard or write down the 36 Life-style is the way a person lives work, leisure time, hobbies, other interests, and personal philosophy. Ones personal life-style may be【 B1】 _ work, including few social activities. Anothers may involve hobbies,【 B2】 _ activities, or personal philosophy. There is little doubt that life-styles are changing and that these changes will have an【 B3】 _ on the way business operates in the years【 B4】 _ . Several factors are causing life-style changes in U.S. soc
