1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 420及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Foreigners Learning Chinese. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 目前，国 久 “汉语热 ”持续升温 2. 出现这种现象的主要原因 3. “汉语热 ”给我的启示 On For
2、eigners Learning Chinese 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the inf
3、ormation given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 End Your Back Pain Like an expensive but temperamental sports car, the human spin is beautifully designed and maddeningly
4、unreliable. If you are a living, breathing human being, you have probably suffered the agony of back pain. And as long as people continue to lead overweight, sedentary and stressful lives, the number of sufferers is unlikely to go anywhere other than up. As it does, armies of new back-pain sufferers
5、, many desperate and even disabled, will seek relief. When they do, theyll quickly discover just how complicated their problem really is, with its mystifying mix of physical symptoms and psychological underpinnings. The reality is that the agony will often go away on its own impossible as that may s
6、eem when you are writhing (痛苦扭曲 ) on the kitchen floor. The Great Pain Mystery Back pain can originate anywhere in the elaborate spinal architecture. Degenerated discs (椎间盘 ), which many lead to herniation (突出 ) and compressed nerves, are a common problem. Then there those wrenching pain provoked by
7、 muscle injuries, which can drop grown men to the floor. Whats most mysterious about back problems is the frequent disconnect between anatomical defects and pain. Unlike blood pressure and cholesterol (胆固醇 ), which could be measured with arm cuffs and blood tests, lower-back pain has no objective wa
8、y the volume of tears? the intensity of a grimace? to be gauged. Many times, the precise cause of pain remains unknown. Imaging tests found that two people with herniated discs can lead radically different lives: One spends his days popping painkillers, the other waltzes through life. In a well-know
9、n study, researchers checked 98 healthy people: Two-thirds had abnormal discs even though none complained of pain. The real issue is why some people have a mild backache and some have really crippling pain. In another research, experts compared a group of patients who reported back pain with a contr
10、ol group who did not. Close to two-thirds if the pain patients had cracks in their discs, so-called high-intensity zones, or HIZs. But so did 24 percent of the non-complainers. The answer has as much to do with the mind as with the body. In the HIZ study, the best predictor of pain was not how bad t
11、he defect looked, but the patients psychological distress. Depression and anxiety have long been linked to pain; a recent Canadian study found that people who suffer from severe depression are four times more likely to develop intense or disabling neck or low-back pain. At New Yorks Hospital for Spe
12、cial Surgery, psychiatrist Gregory Lutz says he often sees men who have two things in common: crippling sciatica (坐骨神经痛 ) and an upcoming wedding date. The problem in their back, possibly a degenerated or herniated disc, likely already existed, says Dr. Lutz, but was intensified by the pre-marriage
13、jitters. Spine Surgery Breakthrough Pain is pain, and many want a quick fix and that means surgery. Spinal-fusion surgery, one of the most invasive and costly forms of therapy (about 42,000) has more than doubled in the US since 1993, to about 350,000 in 2003. Discectomy, which is done less invasive
14、ly, has also spiked to 342,000 surgeries per year. But these procedures dont work for everyone. The increase in all spinal surgery has been promoted in part by technical advances promising better outcomes. Perhaps the most intriguing new development is the artificial cobalt-chrome disc. In October 2
15、004, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first such disc, the Charite, for patients with degenerative disc disease. The three-piece device has a sliding medical-grade plastic core sandwiched between two metal plates, which allows the spine to move. It is believed that, such discs,
16、 like knee replacements, will give patients more mobility than traditional fusion surgery. And they will get out of bed a lot sooner too. The key is to be very specific and very careful about patient selection. Not everyone who has disc degeneration should have an operation. Alternative Treatments D
17、octors, worried that too many patients seem willing to go under the knife, are now looking for simpler, more effective ways to treat one of the most vexing problems in medicine. For more and more people with back pain, alternative therapies are the way to go. Chiropractic care (指压疗法 ), the most popu
18、lar nonsurgical back therapy, is booming, with 60,000 chiropractors practising in the US today. Some happy clients visit their chiropractors more often than their hair stylists. Experts generally agree that the treatment, which involves manipulation of the joints and tissues of the spine, is safe fo
19、r the lower back. It provides modest benefits equivalent to those of conventional treatments. Massage has an increasing number of proponents, and research shows it can help knead ont (揉掉 ) persistent pain. Steven Smith, a physical therapist at the Schuldt Performance uses massage on back-pain suffer
20、ers to loosen up muscles and increase blood flow. Its not exactly a spa-like experience, though. “Youve got to get in there deep to break the pain.“ Acupuncture (针灸 ) is also popular. The first large trial of the practice is now conducted at New Yorks Integrative Care Center, where therapist push th
21、e tiny needles into the patients. Acupuncture seems to stimulate the release of feel-good endorphins, has a cumulative effect. Patients describe a lingering euphoria, a nice happy state whether youve got a back problem or not. An Integrative Approach Jordan, a long-term back-pain sufferer, tried eve
22、ry wacky thing out there. “Faith healing, hanging from the ceiling, clicking my heels together and wishing I was home, you name it, Ive done it.“ Last year, feeling especially distressed, he tried biofeedback, a technique that trains him to distance himself from the pain. “I never get rid of the pai
23、n, but these treatments provide some relief.“ says Jordan. If patients attitudes can help the pain, can more creative thinking among the experts improve the odds of beating it? Dr. Eisenberg, head of Harvard Medical Schools Osher Institute, is spearheading an National Institutes of Health-funded pil
24、ot program to find out. A diverse group of 25 specialists meet regularly to educate one another on how they diagnose and treat back pain. They intend to see if there is a more efficient, multi-disciplinary way to attack the problem, and to make it cost-effective too. No wonder theres a flood of inte
25、rest in alternative medicine. Even New Yorks Hospital for Special Surgery opened a complementary-medicine center four years ago. Now about 13,000 patients a year, many with bad back, see its rehab specialists, massage therapists and chiropractors, as well as taking yoga and tai chi classes any nonin
26、vasive approach they can find to relieve the pain. Can Rage Ruin Your Back? Dr. Sarno, a professor at New York University School of Medicine, believes almost all back pain is rooted in bottled-up feelings. Samo explains how repressed rage and anxiety can stress the body, eventually manifesting itsel
27、f as muscle spasm (抽搐 ), nerve dysfunction, numbness and pain. Recovery begins with recognition the connection between the body and the mind. “Pain is created by the brain to make sure the rage doesnt come out.“ says Sarno. But skeptics say Samo is offering a placebo (安慰剂 ), which could miss the tru
28、e cause of the pain. After centuries of agony, humanity could certainly use some relief. But more important than the success of any treatment is the good news that back-pain sufferers and doctors are embracing bold new ways to think about the most exquisite and frustrating work of art: the spine. 2
29、What accounts for the increasing number of back pain sufferers in modern life is a number of factors such as overweight, lack of exercise and _ . （ A） plain ageing （ B） spine defects （ C） surgical failures （ D） mental stress 3 Whats so mysterious about back problems? （ A） The impossibility to measur
30、e the intensity of the pain. （ B） The unknown origin of the pain. （ C） The disconnect between spine defects and pain. （ D） The low percentage of people with abnormal discs among the healthy. 4 The phenomenon of men having two things sciatica and upcoming wedding in common indicates that _ . （ A） pre
31、-marriage anxiety is inevitable for most men （ B） psychological distress may contribute to low-back pain （ C） almost all bridegrooms have a degenerated or herniated disc （ D） back pain may intensify pre-marriage jitters 5 _ , artificial disc operation is considered a better option than the tradition
32、al fusion surgery. （ A） Giving patients greater mobility and quicker recovery （ B） Suitable for every back-pain sufferers （ C） Being less invasive and costly （ D） With fewer post-operation side effects 6 People who want their back pain to be fixed quickly often resort to _ . （ A） surgery （ B） chirop
33、ractic care （ C） massage （ D） acupuncture 7 Besides relieving back pain, acupuncture also seems to give patients _ . （ A） a spa-like experience （ B） a lingering happy feeling （ C） modest benefits in skin care （ D） increased blood circulation 8 Whats the purpose of the National Institutes of Health-f
34、unded pilot program? （ A） To find out whether the patients attitude help the pain. （ B） To experiment with advanced surgical treatments. （ C） To search for a cost-effective, integrative treatment. （ D） To investigate experts opinions on various treatments. 9 The great number of patients visiting the
35、 complementary-medicine center at New Yorks Hospital for Special Surgery reflects _ in the US. 10 According to Dr. Sarno, almost all kinds of back pain could be attributed to _ . 11 The autho feels _ about humanitys final victory in the century-old battle against back-pain. Section A Directions: In
36、this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you mus
37、t read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She ordered it through the mail. （ B） A male student gave it to her as a birthday present. （ C） It was a present from her parents. （ D） She got it while visiting her parents. （ A） Put some money in her wallet. （
38、B） Buy a band-concert ticket. （ C） Make a donation. （ D） Lend the man some money. （ A） He felt sick when he saw the alteration. （ B） He thinks the woman is being mean. （ C） He expected his suit to be ready. （ D） He backed up into another car. （ A） The organization of a conference. （ B） The cost of r
39、enting a conference room. （ C） The decoration of the conference room. （ D） The job of cleaning up the dining-room. （ A） Because he wanted to meet the womans parents. （ B） Because he goes to a beach house each August. （ C） Because he wont be able to take a vacation. （ D） Because he didnt know the wom
40、ans plan. （ A） I million. （ B） 1/4 million. （ C） 1/2 million. （ D） 2 million. （ A） She will reach the restaurant ten minutes late. （ B） She has ten minutes to reach the restaurant. （ C） He thinks he can reach the restaurant in ten minutes. （ D） He thinks he cant arrive at the restaurant very soon. （
41、 A） Because the plane turns sharply. （ B） Because it is 22 miles. （ C） Because there are no signs. （ D） Because of driving conditions. （ A） Social activities. （ B） Cultural activities. （ C） Language activities. （ D） Sports activities. （ A） Tuesday. （ B） Wednesday. （ C） Thursday. （ D） Friday. （ A） 5
42、（ B） 30. （ C） 50 （ D） 55. （ A） The root of Jims health problems. （ B） The womans problems with her workaholic professor. （ C） Jims relationship with his professor. （ D） Problems that Jim and the woman have with their workloads. （ A） Whether to accept the Deans job offer or not. （ B） Whether to move
43、or not. （ C） Whether to have a rest or not. （ D） Whether to ask for an extension or not. （ A） See more of her. （ B） Spend more time in school. （ C） Earn more money. （ D） Get better grade. （ A） She would like to mark papers, too. （ B） She wants to ask for a lighter load. （ C） She wants the man to tal
44、k to the workaholic professor. （ D） She wants to quit school and work. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must cho
45、ose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） It is an ability both man and animals possess. （ B） It is the reason for mans superiority over animals. （ C） It is the reason for mans success as a species. （ D） It is a proof of our superior intelligence. （ A） To show how dependen
46、t men axe on a particular food. （ B） To show how primitive the diet of some people is. （ C） To show what different foods are eaten. （ D） To show-the adaptability of man as regards his diet. （ A） A very popular food plant. （ B） A plant with limited uses. （ C） A food plant which has been used. （ D） A
47、plant used as a main food. （ A） They often ride a motorcycle. （ B） They used to ride a home. （ C） They work in the mountains of Canada. （ D） They ride a horse nowadays. （ A） They have great power. （ B） They have very diversified responsibilities. （ C） They are very modern and efficient. （ D） They ar
48、e so smart. （ A） A Royal Canadian Mounted Police happened to notice him. （ B） A Royal Canadian Mounted Police recognized Rays photo. （ C） The British Police was informed of Rays presence in Britain. （ D） The British Police found him at London Airport. （ A） Diligence and luck. （ B） A good manager and
49、 luck. （ C） Diligence and money. （ D） A good manager and diligence. （ A） Because a good manager can protect him from his fans. （ B） Because a good manager can help him succeed. （ C） Because a good manager can help him change his behavior. （ D） Because a good manager can help him relax. （ A） In order to attract the attention of the public. （ B） In order to sell more records. （ C） In order to keep his property. （ D） In order to stay popular. （ A） Because there is s
