1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 702及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Graduate Mania. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1. 目前越来越多的人报考研究生 2. 你 认为此现象的原因是什么 3. 你的观点 二、 Part II Reading Comprehen
2、sion (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the stat
3、ement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Automation The term automation was coined around 1946 by the automobile industry to describe the increased use of automatic devices and controls in mechanized production lines
4、. Today, it is widely used in a manufacturing context but is also applied outside of manufacturing in connection with a variety of systems in which there is a significant substitution of mechanical, electrical, or computerized action for human effort and intelligence. An operation is commonly descri
5、bed as automated if it is Substantially more automatic than its predecessor. In its most general usage, automation can be defined as a technology concerned with carrying out a process by means of programmed commands combined with the automatic feedback of data relating to the execution of those comm
6、ands. The resulting system is capable of operating without human intervention. The development of this technology has become increasingly dependent on the use of computers and computer-related technologies. As a consequence, automated systems have become sophisticated and complex. Advanced systems o
7、f this sort now represent a level of capability and performance that surpass in many ways the abilities of humans to accomplish the same activities. Automation technology has matured to a point where a number of other technologies have developed from it and have achieved a recognition and status of
8、their own. Robotics is one such technology. It is a specialized branch of automation in which the automated machine possesses certain characteristics. The most typical humanlike characteristic of a modern industrial robot is its powered mechanical arm. The robots arm can be programmed to do a sequen
9、ce of motions to perform useful tasks, such as loading and unloading parts at a production machine or making a sequence of spot-welds on the body of an automobile. The robot will repeat the motion pattern until it is reprogrammed to perform some alternative task. As these examples of robot applicati
10、ons suggest, an industrial robot is typically used to replace a human worker in a factory operation. The field of robotics has its roots in the development of automation technology. Numerical control (NC) and telecherics are two important areas of technology that constitute the foundations of roboti
11、cs technology. Over the years, the social merits of automation have been argued by labour leaders, government officials, business executives, and college professors. No doubt the biggest controversy has focused on the employment issue: What is the effect of automation on employment? There are other
12、important aspects of the automation issue as well, including its effect on productivity, economic competition, education, and quality of life. The advantages commonly attributed to automation include increased production rates, more efficient use of materials, better product quality, improved safety
13、, shorter workweeks for labour, and reduction of factory lead times. Automated machines are usually designed to operate at higher production rates than humans are capable of achieving. This increased productivity has been one of the biggest reasons for justifying the adoption of automated systems. N
14、otwithstanding the claims of high quality from good workmanship by humans, automated systems are generally capable of carrying out the manufacturing process with less variability that humans make, thus yielding greater control and consistency of product quality. In addition, the increased process co
15、ntrol makes possible more efficient use of materials, resulting in less waste. Automated manufacturing systems often, remove workers from the workplace, thus safeguarding them against hazards in the work environment. In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA) was ena
16、cted with the objective of making work safer and protecting the physical well-being of the worker on a national scale. OSHA has had the effect of promoting the use of automation and robotics in the factory. Another of the benefits of automation noted above is the reduction in the number of hours wor
17、ked on average per week by factory workers. Around the turn of the century, the average workweek was about 70 hours. This has gradually been reduced, so that today the standard workweek in the United States is about 40 hours. Mechanization and automation have played a significant role in this reduct
18、ion. Finally, the time required to process a typical job through the factory is generally reduced with automation. Referred to as the manufacturing lead time, this is the amount of time between the beginning of a project or process and the appearance of its results. Among the major disadvantages ass
19、ociated with automation is worker dislocation. This problem was touched upon earlier. Whatever the ultimate social benefits that might result from retraining displaced workers for other (perhaps more skilled) jobs, in almost all cases the worker whose job is taken over by a machine suffers considera
20、ble personal stress. In addition to displacement from work, the worker may be displaced geographically. To find other work, an individual may have to relocate, which is itself another source of emotional stress. Another significant disadvantage associated with automation is high capital expenditure.
21、 Automated systems can cost millions of dollars to design, fabricate, and put into operation. Still other problems characteristic of automated equipment include a higher level of maintenance than is required by manually operated hardware and an inherent lack of flexibility in terms of the variety of
22、 products that can be produced. Also, automation is not without its potential dangers. As often suggested in works of science fiction, the technology associated with automation might ultimately subjugate rather than serve humankind. There is a possibility that workers will become slaves to automated
23、 machines, that the privacy of humans will be invaded by vast computer data banks, that human error in the management of technology will somehow endanger the health of civilization, and that society will become completely dependent on automation for its economic well-being. 2 The foundations of robo
24、tics technology is mainly composed of the technology of numerical control. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Telecherics is concerned with the use of remote manipulators controlled by humans. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 To accomplish the same activities, the capability and performance of advanced automated system
25、s now do better in many ways than human abilities. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 For a long time, the effect of automation on employment is the point at issue among labour leaders, government officials, business executives, and college professors. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The disadvantages associated with
26、automation are _ and _ and its potential dangers. 7 The reduced _ is an advantage attributed to automation. 8 Robotics is a technology _. 9 The use of computers and computer-related technologies are more and more important _. 10 That workers will become slaves to automated machines is _. 11 The robo
27、ts arm can _ the body of an automobile. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. Aft
28、er each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The mountains. （ B） The seaside. （ C） The park. （ D） The forest. （ A） She wouldnt mind doing it if she could. （ B） She wished she hadnt had the mee
29、ting. （ C） She didnt want to because she would rather go to Chicago. （ D） would be able to have the meeting. （ A） She missed her friends. （ B） She thinks shes catching another cold. （ C） She likes tomato sauce on everything she eats. （ D） has a lot of work to make up. （ A） In a bookstore. （ B） In a
30、library. （ C） Ina classroom. （ D） In a hotel. （ A） She disagrees with the man. （ B） She doesnt agree with Cynthia. （ C） She thinks its narrow-minded. （ D） She doesnt believe either of them. （ A） He prefers shorter plays to this one. （ B） He doesnt have to go to that play. （ C） He wouldnt see the pla
31、y as the woman did. （ D） He liked the play better the first time he saw it. （ A） The casher of the hotel. （ B） The receptionist at the front desk. （ C） The hotel operator. （ D） The Bell Telephone operator. （ A） Because they are alike. （ B） Because the mans briefcase has a lock. （ C） Because the mans
32、 briefcase is smaller. （ D） Because she doesnt have a briefcase. （ A） Amy is seeking advice from Charlie about her future job. （ B） Amy is taking to Charlie about what shed like to do in the future. （ C） Amy is discussing with Charlie what types of job she is suitable for. （ D） Amy is explaining to
33、Charlie why some jobs are not suitable for her. （ A） They may crash because of nature disasters or human faults. （ B） The worlds weather conditions are getting worse. （ C） The airport safety inspections are getting worse. （ D） Airplanes are often overloaded nowadays. （ A） She prefers the job where h
34、e could travel a lot. （ B） She prefers the job where she could make good money. （ C） She prefers the job where she could meet international business people. （ D） She prefers the job that would give her lots of chances of promotion. （ A） An exhibition of Julia Margaret Cameron. （ B） Portrait photogra
35、phy. （ C） Techniques that affect the picture. （ D） Famous people. （ A） Making a factual record of details. （ B） Capturing her subjects personality. （ C） Beautiful composition of a picture. （ D） Light effect. （ A） Use a soft to blur images slightly. （ B） Focus on some other subjects. （ C） Make the pi
36、ctures more clear. （ D） Combine two pictures. （ A） Stay at home. （ B） Visit the exhibition later. （ C） He will go there individually. （ D） Go to visit it with the woman. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. B
37、oth the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） To create feelings of happiness for the young by singing, （ B） To promote a healthier life style among young people. （ C） To close t
38、he gap between the older generations and the young. （ D） To change the attitude of the young towards work. （ A） He used to drink, smoke and take drugs. （ B） He belonged to a street gang. （ C） He was jobless when he joined the movement. （ D） He was a close friend of the movements leader. （ A） It is h
39、ard for the older generation to understand the young. （ B） It is possible for young people to live a healthier life. （ C） A life style free from the poisons of life is worth striving for. （ D） Young people will live a healthier life if left to make their own choices. （ A） Some species have been exti
40、nct since global warming. （ B） Biologists have known for years declining fish stocks are connected to global warming. （ C） Global warming has caused the seawater warmer. （ D） It is more difficult for fish to breathe and survive in warmer oceans caused by global warming. （ A） Because the fish populat
41、ion is increasing. （ B） Because the temperature there is increasing. （ C） Because the temperature there is decreasing. （ D） Because the ozone layer is disappearing. （ A） Fish have difficulty absorbing oxygen in warmer seawater. （ B） The seawater temperature is increasing. （ C） Fish have trouble find
42、ing enough food in warmer seawater. （ D） More fish have to find another location. （ A） Twenty years. （ B） Forty years. （ C） Sixty years. （ D） Eighty year. （ A） They never forget great sadness. （ B） They never remember great sadness. （ C） They never remember great happiness. （ D） They cant remember t
43、hings very well. （ A） An elephant lives apart. （ B） Elephants live in families of males. （ C） Elephants live in families of females. （ D） Elephants cant live in families. （ A） The older animals look after the younger ones. （ B） The younger animals look after the older ones. （ C） The mothers teach th
44、eir daughters. （ D） The mothers set a good example for their daughters. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are req
45、uired to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Advertisement can be thoug
46、ht of “as the means of making known in order to buy or sell goods or services“. Advertisement aims to increase peoples awareness and【 B1】_interest. It tries to inform and to persuade. The media are all used to spread the message. The press offers a fairly cheap method, and magazines are used to reac
47、h special【 B2】 _of the market. The cinema and【 B3】 _radio are useful for local market. Television, although more【 B4】 _, can be very effective. Public notices are fairly cheap and more【 B5】 _in their power of attraction. Other ways of increasing consumer interest are through exhibitions and trade fa
48、irs as well as direct mail advertisement. There can be no【 B6】 _that the growth in advertisement is one of the most striking features of the western world in this century. Many businesses such as those【 B7】 _ frozen foods, liquor, tobacco and medicines have been built up【 B8】_by advertisement. 【 B9】
49、 _. Since advertisement forms part of the cost of production, which has to be covered by the selling price, it is clear that it is the customer who pays for advertisement. However, 【 B10】 _. It is difficult to measure exactly the influence of advertisement on sales. When the market is growing, advertisement helps to increase demand. When the market is shrinking, advertisement may prevent a bigger fall in sales than would occur without its sup
