1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 154及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay about the impact of social networking by referring to the saying “Social networking platforms drive a man closer to those in neighboring continents, while driving him further apart
2、from those in his neighborhood.“ You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you can do to avoid the bad effects of social networking. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Section A （ A） He is not a qualified teacher. （ B） He does not feel like goi
3、ng to the dinner. （ C） He does not know when the dinner begins. （ D） He has already been married. （ A） Contented. （ B） Regretful. （ C） Skeptical. （ D） Relaxed. （ A） In a supermarket. （ B） At a post office. （ C） At a library. （ D） At a bank. （ A） He must be tired of paperwork. （ B） He must be a timid
4、 person. （ C） He must be tired of repetitive work. （ D） He must be a fearless person. （ A） It does not satisfy the woman. （ B） The printer cannot print photos. （ C） It can print photos besides articles. （ D） A digital camera is needed when printing articles. （ A） Call her in mornings. （ B） Call her
5、in lunchtime. （ C） Meet her in the classroom. （ D） Meet her in the lunchroom. （ A） Their new house. （ B） An air-conditioner and a big TV set. （ C） Their new washing machine. （ D） The to-be-bought home appliances. （ A） His wife does well in doing cooking. （ B） His wife likes to use microwave oven to
6、cook. （ C） His wife thinks food in the dining-hall is horrible. （ D） His wife seems to like the fresh food in the dining-hall. （ A） Looking for a person to talk to. （ B） Working on a troublemaking talking. （ C） Trying to understand the two genders. （ D） Trying to understand friendship between women.
7、 （ A） Enthusiastic. （ B） Doubtful. （ C） Peaceful. （ D） Cautious. （ A） An effective tool to help form womens friendship. （ B） A way to understand and appreciate friends. （ C） An access that a woman can express her troubles. （ D） An effective way to achieve something from womens friends. （ A） Reluctan
8、t. （ B） Positive. （ C） Ambitious. （ D） Indifferent. （ A） No one wants to look at the closet. （ B） The man has already cleaned it up. （ C） It has gradually become a trash can. （ D） It is occupied by lots of useless stuff. （ A） The stairs to upper floor are broken. （ B） The upstairs toilet is full of
9、bleach smell. （ C） It should be entirely cleaned up. （ D） It is often tidied up by the womans parents. （ A） Pick up dirty clothes. （ B） Fix the upstairs toilet. （ C） Watch the game. （ D） Do the wash. Section B （ A） The merits and drawbacks of a large population. （ B） The disadvantages of a large pop
10、ulation. （ C） The advantages of a small population. （ D） The rapidly growing world population. （ A） The level of education varies around the world. （ B） The economists attitudes to population differ greatly. （ C） The living standard varies from country to country. （ D） The countries attitudes to pop
11、ulation differ greatly. （ A） Great pressure on housing. （ B） Rising demands of goods. （ C） The prosperity of the building industry. （ D） A declining market for manufactured goods. （ A） It will cover more big political affairs. （ B） It wont be printed in publishing houses. （ C） It will cover more sci
12、entific research. （ D） It will cover fewer disasters. （ A） Local and international news. （ B） A menu of political stories. （ C） The most important news. （ D） What you are interested in. （ A） They compete with each other. （ B） They do good to each other. （ C） They focus on different news. （ D） They w
13、ill die out. （ A） Rising fuel costs to limit the use of it. （ B） Saving energy and use other sources. （ C） Having protection against fuel shortage. （ D） Putting in a solar unit in every house. （ A） The disadvantages of solar energy. （ B） The pollution of other energy sources. （ C） The rising fuel co
14、sts and fuel shortage. （ D） The costs of solar energy system. （ A） There is no space to put in solar units. （ B） It is decided by Mother Nature. （ C） It is not the right time to use it. （ D） It costs too much to use it. （ A） It will go up. （ B） It will come down. （ C） It will go up and down. （ D） It
15、 will stay the same. Section C 26 After decades of staring at apes, Frans de Waal has written a book about what humans see when they watch chimpanzees. These creatures stand on two legs and use arms. They live in social groups, and they share more than 98 percent of their DNA with their human【 B1】 _
16、. Humans and the great apes had a common ancestor 7 million years ago. So to stare at an ape is to see what might have been a 【 B2】 _ on the road from yesterday. And when you watch them, do you see them? Or yourself? Humans used to define themselves as【 B3】 _ because humans used language, made tools
17、 and 【 B4】 _ culture. Then they started looking more closely. They saw that macaque monkeys in Japan learned from each other to wash the sand off their sweet potatoes before they began chewing. Chimpanzees can put the worlds【 B5】 _ nut onto a hard surface, pound it with a stone and finish the job by
18、 poking out tiny bits of kernel with a stick. One group of scientists in 1999 counted 39 different behavior【 B6】_ among separate groups of chimpanzees. That is, table manners and working practices differed according to geography. When you watch the great apes, it should be your obvious position to a
19、ssume that apes【 B7】 _ humans. Who says that when a chimp looks thoughtful, it isnt thinking? De Waals chimps live in a social group. They can rate what they saw as sad or happy, and they 【 B8】 _ doing that without previous training. There are ways of understanding how chimps 【 B9】 _ the world. In t
20、he field, people have seen them using leaves as an umbrella or 【 B10】 _ their backsides with a piece of wood. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 Secondhand smoke is accountable for 42,000 deaths annually to nonsmokers in the United
21、 States, including nearly 900 infants, according to a new study. Altogether, annual deaths from secondhand smoke【 C1】 _nearly 600,000 years of potential life lostan average of 14.2 years per personand $6.6 billion in lost productivity,【 C2】_to $158,000 per death, report the researchers. The new rese
22、arch reveals that despite public health efforts to reduce tobacco use, secondhand smoke continues to【 C3】 _a grievous toll on nonsmokers. “In general, fewer people are smoking and many have made lifestyle changes, but our research shows that the impacts of secondhand smoke are【 C4】 _very large,“ sai
23、d lead author Wendy Max, PhD, professor of health economics at the University of California. “The【 C5】 _of information on biomarker-measured(生物指标测量 )exposure allows us to more accurately assess the impact of secondhand smoke exposure on health and productivity. The impact is particularly great for c
24、ommunities of color.“ Exposure to secondhand smoke is linked to a number of【 C6】 _illnesses including heart and lung disease, as well as conditions affecting newborns such as low birth weight and respiratory distress syndrome. In the research, the scientists【 C7】_the economic implicationsyears of po
25、tential life lost and the value of lost productivityon different racial and ethnic groups. “Our study probably underestimates the true economic impact of secondhand smoke on【 C8】 _,“ said Max. “The toll is substantial, with communities of color having the greatest【 C9】 _. Interventions need to be de
26、signed to reduce the health and economic burden of smoking on smokers and nonsmokers alike, and on particularly【 C10】 _groups.“ A)losses B)turbulent C)nonetheless D)availability E)adhering F)generalized G)take H)triumphs I)fatal J)henceforth K)mortality L)represent M)amounting N)vulnerable O)gauged
27、37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Why Sustainable Buildings Need to Focus on Community And Collaboration? AAccording to the government, buildings in the UK account for about 43% of all carbon emissions; when you also consider the
28、amount of other resources they require, such as water, and the amount of energy that goes into transporting millions of us to work every day, its clear we need to make our buildings more sustainable. Yet sustainability does not begin and end with reducing carbon. The buildings we work in define and
29、shape their neighbourhoods, especially in cities, where they have an enormous social impact upon communities. Local traders depend on the income from the people who are employed nearby, while the wellbeing of employees is affected by their workplace surroundings. BSo how can we ensure the buildings
30、of the future are sustainable, creative and productive workplaces that benefit the employees who work in them and the communities that surround them? That question formed the basis of a recent roundtable debate, held in association with property investor Derwent London. Saying energy CUnusually, the
31、 early part of the discussion was framed by a prototype office for Derwents White Collar Factory project. The building, which goes on site in 2014, has been designed to test sustainable ways of lighting, heating, cooling and occupying a building, for instance, by mixing start-ups with established co
32、mpanies. Compared to a normal office building, the White Collar Factory will save a tonne of carbon every two days, said Derwent Londons director Paul Williams. “It will also be an enjoyable space,“ he said, referring to the open-plan, high-ceiling design. DHowever, designing a high-spec building th
33、at takes advantage of all the latest energy-saving technologiessuch as advanced heating, cooling and building-management softwaredoes not always guarantee a sustainable future. EChris Early, estates manager of Telefonica, said developers should not get “hung up about the type of air conditioning“. B
34、y concentrating solely on energy-saving technologies, developers could lose sight of the wider issues surrounding sustainability. “Its about how you develop a larger site as a whole: the mixture of small and large occupiers and startups.“ For developments to be successful in the future, youve got to
35、 be delivering space that works from an occupational perspective, so people can collaborate within their own organisation, but also with others. There has got to be more of a community feel.“ FSpeaking off the record, one participant suggested that the reason why developments werent always designed
36、and occupied sustainably was simply down to finance. “Im not sure the boardroom understands buildings. My finance director will focus purely on the numbers, the minimum amount of space we can occupy, the lowest rates we can secure the space for. Were constantly challenged trying to explain the wider
37、 tangible(切实的 )benefits a creative space can offer.“ GRab Bennetts, co-founder of Bennetts Associates, agreed it was difficult to measure the benefits of creative spaceas opposed to something like rentin a tangible way, but he suggested that reducing absenteeism and improving recruitment, for exampl
38、e, were benefits that are often overlooked. “If you can improve the workforce a little bit by making it a nicer place so theres less absenteeism, the difference is huge,“ said Bennetts. HWhile all delegates acknowledged that cost was an important issue, Chris Sherwin, head of sustainabil-ity at Seym
39、ourpowell, suggested many of the related problems could be overcome by thinking about the issues at the initial design stage. Referring to his experience of working with manufacturers and product developers, Sherwin said: “Most of the wellbeing and environmental impacts are locked in at the very ear
40、ly design stages and I think its pretty much the same with buildings.“ IFor Ziona Strelitz, founder director of ZZA responsive user environments, the failure to create sustainable working environments in the past resulted from directors being afraid to take what would be perceived as risks. However,
41、 she believed that was no longer the case. “There was a generational shift after the dotcom boom, there was a turning point where the people deciding on what kind of spaces they wanted changed. Suddenly much younger people had the money and power to make premises decisions.“ JBut a note of caution w
42、as sounded by Stephen Taylor, associate director at Allford Hall Monaghan Morris architects, who pointed out that people have different ideas about what their perfect workplace is. “The best we can hope for as architects is to give people that loose fit to allow flexibility to happen over time.“ Des
43、igning buildings in this manner would give occupiers flexibility over how they wanted to work, he said. Collaborative working KThe benefits of flexible working are not confined to improving employees wellbeing, either, said Early. Discussing his own organisations policy on remote working, he said: “
44、Its sustainable as were reducing car use by encouraging people to work from home. were trying to make it more of a hotel environment, where you come in to do something productive then go.“ While using LED lighting and other energy-saving initiatives were “good housekeeping“, keeping an estate small
45、was ultimately fundamental to reducing an organisations carbon footprint. So how can companies reduce their estate? LMany participants thought technology could provide an answer. Strelitz pointed to the work of Liq-uidSpace, a US-based firm that has created an app to help users find and book a work
46、space suited to their needs, whenever they need it. The app also allows the companies providing the workplaces to optimise the space they have available. Participants agreed this kind of collaborative working could be key to the future of sustainable buildings. “To think people only have their own e
47、mployees in a building and theyre only going to work in a certain way has gone for everand that change has to be embraced,“ said Williams. MWhile everyone recognised that collaborative working among occupiers was a major step towards making buildings more sustainable, when it came to collaboration a
48、mong landlords and developers, many felt a lack of government direction was hindering progress. Unless politicians are engaged in the discussion, its hard to imagine there will be much drive for sustainability through regulation, said Tony Travers, director of LSE London. “Most governments are tryin
49、g to avoid regulationsso making the discussion more accessible to those who make planning decisions is essential, otherwise it will be cut off from the places that bring the pressure to create change.“ NBennetts suggested that the government had missed an opportunity when it scrapped proposals to make display energy certificates mandatory for commercial buildings. As an alternative, he suggested introducing a “kitemark
