1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 218及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the proverb “Knowledge makes us humble, ignorance makes us proud. “ You can give an example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 word
2、s but no more than 200 words. Section A （ A） Its very good-looking. （ B） Its just so-so. （ C） Its too formal. （ D） Its too casual. （ A） At the garment centre. （ B） At the department store. （ C） At a small shop. （ D） At a fashion show. （ A） Because he spent much money on tailor-made shirts. （ B） Beca
3、use he spent much money on fashion shirts. （ C） Because he spent much money on tailor-made jeans. （ D） Because he spent much money on fashion jeans. （ A） Something more revealing. （ B） Something more formal. （ C） Something more laid-back. （ D） Something more classy. （ A） Show her passion for journal
4、ism. （ B） Choose journalism as her career. （ C） Hand in a writing sample. （ D） Write an essay on a given topic. （ A） Peoples reactions to it. （ B） The plot of it. （ C） The characters in it. （ D） The director of it. （ A） Part-time journalists. （ B） Full-time photographers. （ C） Full-time journalists.
5、 （ D） Part-time photographers. （ A） An article about the latest news. （ B） A resume and some photograph works. （ C） An essay for a literature class. （ D） A self-introduction and a photo of himself. Section B （ A） The man who has a high opinion of himself. （ B） The man who has risen to the top throug
6、h his own efforts. （ C） The college professor who wins great respect from common workers. （ D） The leader in business who occupies a higher social position. （ A） Because servants in America are hard to get. （ B） Because she can hardly afford a servant. （ C） Because she takes pride in what she can do
7、 herself. （ D） Because it is easy to prepare a meal with canned food. （ A） Salaries are quite low in middle-class families. （ B） Manual labor is highly respected in the US. （ C） Exercise is very important for mental labor. （ D） People have various hobbies in the US. （ A） You are deceived. （ B） You a
8、re targeted. （ C） You are tracked. （ D） You are disappointed. （ A） By searching the network sites. （ B） By examining the cookies on user computers. （ C） By sending emails to the users. （ D） By consulting computer companies. （ A） Cell phones of poor quality. （ B） Annoying ads. （ C） Spring sandals of
9、outdated style. （ D） Excessive morning news. （ A） It will be rooted out in a few years. （ B） It benefits net users in many ways. （ C） It invades the privacy of net users seriously. （ D） It exists in almost all the websites. Section C （ A） It is the major ingredient for human evolution. （ B） It is a
10、medium that binds all human beings. （ C） It is the most popular means for communication. （ D） It is only used for the purpose of enriching knowledge. （ A） By changing the speed of speaking. （ B） By using different dialects. （ C） By changing the tone at the proper time. （ D） By making faces. （ A） It
11、will make your speech concise. （ B） It will save your time. （ C） It will make the recitation of the speech easy. （ D） It will avoid grammatical mistakes. （ A） Make a joke about it and move on. （ B） Explain why and how it happens. （ C） Keep calm, apologize and continue. （ D） Pretend not to notice it
12、and go on. （ A） It will continue to decline gradually. （ B） It will expand at a somewhat faster pace. （ C） It will begin to move up toward two percent. （ D） It will intensify problems in developing countries. （ A） $85 billion. （ B） $45 billion. （ C） $40 billion. （ D） $50 billion. （ A） The job growth
13、 was considered very slow. （ B） The jobs are not pushing up hourly wages. （ C） The job gains were worse than expected. （ D） The income gains were satisfying. （ A） Changing the obstacles into opportunities. （ B） Finding hope through parents. （ C） Spotting every opportunity. （ D） Overcoming all the di
14、fficulties. （ A） It is more important than money. （ B） People were born with it. （ C） People use it to get through difficulties. （ D） It can heal the soul. （ A） He gets a miracle. （ B） He is a superhero. （ C） He was born with hope. （ D） He tries to make his life a miracle for others. Section A 26 Ch
15、ildrens Healthcare of Atlanta wants to move Georgia out of the top 10 list for childhood obesity(肥胖 )by 2016, officials said. Doctors at Childrens Healthcare of Atlanta, the largest children healthcare organization in the United States, said they treat patients in their Health4Life Clinic as young a
16、s age 3 for complications(并发症 ) 【 C1】 _to obesity. The healthcare systems officials said it began its Strong4Life in early 2011, a large-scale public awareness【 C2】 _, along with programs and partnerships to【 C3】_kids and their parents. The first phase of the campaign, the “warning“ ads, was designe
17、d to raise awareness and【 C4】 _conversation about childhood obesity. “A【 C5】 _finding in the research is that while 96 percent of respondents viewed childhood obesity as a somewhat or very serious problem, only 28 percent of parents of an obese child considered their child overweight or obese, and o
18、nly 36 percent were【 C6】 _about their childs weight,“ Dr. Richard Lutz of the University of Floridas Warrington College of Business Administration said in a statement. “This【 C7】 _disconnect, known as the perceived personal immunity effect, has been【 C8】 _for issues such as being【 C9】 _affected by l
19、ung cancer, skin cancer and AIDS.“ The program also included training more than 1 000 healthcare providers, nurses and dietitians to discuss obesity with their patients; going to more than 100 schools to share with children the importance of healthy eating and physical【 C10】 _and educating more than
20、 430 daycare centre staff to use Strong4Life tool kits to teach healthy habits at an early age. A)activity F)documented K)practice B)apparent G)easily L)reach C)campaign H)fatal M)related D)concerned I)immediately N)remarkable E)contributed J)interact O)spark 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【
21、 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 How Girls Can Win in Math and Science? A)Math is a cumulative subject, unlike say history, which can be learned in discrete units. College algebra(代数 )is basically a course in the language of mathematics. Some might say that algebra is
22、the mechanics of mathematics. The examples included at this level are simple, designed to reinforce that the student has learned the “how“. The next layer of courses teaches how to use this language, or this set of tools, to describe and model the real world. Being able to do this should leave no do
23、ubt in the students mind that they are mathematically competent. B)For years, feminists have lamented(悲叹 )the sorry state of girls in math and science, as they lag behind their male peers in test scores and shy away from careers in engineering and technology. Yet perhaps the most frustrating recent
24、development on the topic is that some of the very programs designed to help girls get ahead may be holding them back or are simply misguided. Take single-sex math and science classes. While they seem like a logical way to give girls a jump-start in these subjects, new research suggests this initiati
25、ve championed over the past two decades as a possible solutionmay backfire. C)In a study published last year, psychologist Howard Glasser at Bryn Mawr College examined teacher-student interaction in sex-segregated science classes. As it turned out, teachers behaved differently toward boys and girls
26、in a way that gave boys an advantage in scientific thinking. While boys were encouraged to engage in back-and-forth questioning with the teacher and fellow students, girls had many fewer such experiences. Glasser suggests they didnt learn to argue in the same way as boys, and argument is the key to
27、scientific thinking. Glasser points out that sex-segregated classrooms can construct differences between the sexes by giving them unequal experiences. Unfortunately, such differences can impact kids choices about future courses and careers. Its worth noting that the girls and boys in these science c
28、lasses had similar grades, which masked the uneven dynamic. It was only when researchers reviewed videotapes of the lessons that they got a deeper analysis of what was actually going on, and what the kids were really learning. D)Glassers research got a boost last September when the journal Science p
29、ublished a scathing(严厉批评的 )report on the larger issue of single-sex education, titled “The Pseudoscience of Single-Sex Schooling“. In the article, eight leading psychologists and neuroscientists debunked(揭穿 的真相 )research supporting single-sex education, and argued that sex segregation “increases gen
30、der stereotyping and legitimizes institutional sexism“. E)Another misguided or, mistimed effort to improve girls performance is the “you can do it“ messaging directed toward girls in middle school, the period when their scores start lagging. New research shows that even when preteen girls say they b
31、elieve this message, “stereotype threat“ when negative cultural stereotypes affect a groups behavior has a dampening effect on their actual performance. F)In a 2009 study, psychologist Pascal Huguet of Frances Aix-Marseille University found that middle-school girls scored highest on tests measuring
32、visual-spatial abilitieswhich are key to success in engineering, chemistry, medicine, and architecture, fields that promise high-paying, prestigious jobs down the road when they were led to believe that there were no gender differences on the tasks. Not surprisingly, when they were told that boys do
33、 better on these tasks, they did poorly. But curiously, when they were given no information, allowing cultural stereotypes to operate, they also did poorly. The stereotypes were already firmly established. The authors discovered: By middle school its too little, too late. G)To disarm stereotypes, we
34、 must actively arm girls against them starting at a very young age. By first or second grade, both girls and boys have the notion that math is a “boy thing“. But a 2011 study by psychologist Anthony Greenwald of the University of Washington found that theres a window of opportunity during these earl
35、y years in which, while girls do see math largely as a male preserve, they havent yet made the connection that “because I am a girl, math is not for me“. During this short period, girls are relatively open to the idea that they can enjoy and do well at math. H)One strategy? Researchers suggest we ta
36、ke gender out of the equation in teaching about occupations. Rather than saying “girls can be scientists“, we should talk about what scientists do. For example, kids may be especially interested to know that scientists study how the world around them really works. Psychologists Rebecca Bigler of the
37、 University of Texas at Austin and Lynn Liben at Penn State say that when girls are encouraged to think this way, theyre much more likely to retain what theyre taught than they would be if they were just given the generic “girls can do science“ message. I)Finally, while women teachers can lead the w
38、ay for girls in math and science, acting as role models, parents should be on the lookout for teachers math anxiety. A 2010 study of first- and second-graders led by psychologist Sian L. Beilock at the University of Chicago found that girls may learn to fear math from their earliest instructors and
39、that female elementary-school teachers who lack confidence in their own math skills could be passing their anxiety along to their students. The more anxious teachers were about their own skills, the more likely their female students were to agree that “boys are good at math and girls are good at rea
40、ding“. And according to Beilock, elementary-education majors at the college level have the highest math anxiety level of any major, and may be unwittingly passing along a virus of underachievement to girls. J)Parents can “vaccinate“ girls against their teachers math anxiety, according to new researc
41、h. But there may be a silver lining to this story for parents. Even if your daughter has a teacher with high math anxiety, its not inevitable that shes going to experience problems with math it turns out that parents(or others)can “vaccinate“ girls against their teachers qualms(疑虑 ). Beilock found t
42、hat teachers anxiety alone didnt do the damage. If girls already had a belief that “girls arent good at math“, their achievement suffered. But the girls who didnt buy into that stereotype, who thought, of course I can be good at math, didnt tumble into an achievement gulf. K)Now that we have reason
43、to believe that gender stereotyping starts much earlier than previously thought, we also need to accept that countering it requires more sophisticated approaches than those we now use. If girls continue to lag behind in math areas, our future economy and competitiveness could suffer. Its critical th
44、at we start our efforts in the primary grades and look beyond the obvious to succeed. If we look “under the hood“ at whats really going on with girls, instead of just skimming the surface, we can provide more than mere cosmetic solutions. 37 Dissimilar to history, math should be learned through sequ
45、ential lessons. 38 Its better to help girls get rid of gender stereotypes before they think they cannot be good at math as girls. 39 New research suggests that single-sex math and science classes may have negative effects which are opposite to the intended purpose on girls. 40 Rather than talking ab
46、out gender differences in teaching about occupations, researchers suggest that we encourage kids to think what scientists do. 41 In sex-segregated science classes, girls are offered few opportunities to engage in argument which is crucial to scientific thinking. 42 Though women teachers are likely t
47、o guide the way for girls in math and science classes as role models, parents should pay attention to teachers math anxiety. 43 Sex-segregated education increases sex stereotyping and makes sexism seem acceptable. 44 According to Beilock, at the college level, elementary-education majors have the hi
48、ghest math anxiety level among all majors. 45 Stereotype threat restrains girls from performing well in real situations. 46 Instead of using the current approaches, fighting against gender stereotyping needs to use more sophisticated approaches. Section C 46 Life has never been easy for just-hatched
49、 Magellanic penguins, but climate change is making it worse, according to a decades-long study of the largest breeding colony of the birds. The chicks are already vulnerable to predation and starvation. Now, the study at Punta Tombo, Argentina, found that intense storms and warmer temperatures are increasingly taking a toll. Climate scientists say more extreme weather, including wetter storms and more prolonged periods of heat and cold, is one impact of a climate that is changing becau
