1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 40及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Modesty. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words following the outline given below： 1谦虚是年轻人 应该具有的品质 2谦虚的重要性 3我的看法 Section A （ A） To study at T
2、oms home. （ B） To study at his home. （ C） To clean Toms home. （ D） To help the other students study. （ A） At the restaurant. （ B） At the bus station. （ C） At the travel agency. （ D） At the laundry. （ A） Practice is the most important. （ B） The examination is very difficult. （ C） The woman is easy to
3、 be influenced. （ D） The woman should take the others suggestion. （ A） Face the reality of poverty. （ B） Visit France on the Internet. （ C） Gain money via computer. （ D） Reduce the expenditure on computer games. （ A） The woman should stick to her original method. （ B） The woman should copy the Engli
4、sh pronunciation. （ C） He can assist the woman with her oral English. （ D） He doesnt think oral English is important. （ A） Beautiful and kind. （ B） Humorous but weird. （ C） Pompous and arrogant. （ D） Talkative but humble. （ A） The woman has an appointment with Mark. （ B） The man is Marks best friend
5、. （ C） The woman likes Mark very much. （ D） The man is unfamiliar with Mark. （ A） She hopes the man will abandon the shake. （ B） She thinks the shake is expensive. （ C） She reckons the shake as her best cool drink. （ D） She doesnt like the shake because its cold. （ A） To inform him of a problem they
6、 face. （ B） To request him to purchase control desks. （ C） To discuss the content of a project report. （ D） To ask him to fix the dictating machine. （ A） They quote the best price in the market. （ B） They manufacture and sell office furniture. （ C） They cannot deliver the steel sheets on time. （ D）
7、They cannot produce the steel sheets needed. （ A） By marking down the unit price. （ B） By accepting the penalty clauses. （ C） By allowing more time for delivery. （ D） By promising better after-sales service. （ A） Give the customer a ten percent discount. （ B） Claim compensation from the steel suppli
8、ers. （ C） Ask the Buying Department to change suppliers. （ D） Cancel the contract with the customer. （ A） Stockbroker. （ B） Physicist. （ C） Mathematician. （ D） Economist. （ A） Improve computer programming. （ B） Explain certain natural phenomena. （ C） Predict global population growth. （ D） Promote na
9、tional financial health. （ A） Their different educational backgrounds. （ B） Changing attitudes toward nature. （ C） Chaos theory and its applications. （ D） The current global economic crisis. Section B （ A） It moves into a sloping position and has the possibility of collapse. （ B） Its beautiful scene
10、ry welcomes 1 billion tourists on Monday. （ C） It will be sold to Russian developers for about 500 million pounds. （ D） Its bell was out of service for several years. （ A） To evaluate the surveyors report on renovation. （ B） To do business with the Russians on selling Elizabeth Tower. （ C） To discus
11、s the establishment of a group on building protection. （ D） To talk about spending one billion pounds on restoration. （ A） It has been repaired successfully. （ B） It will be sold to Russian developers. （ C） It has tilted seriously. （ D） It will be safe for a long time. （ A） We always use body langua
12、ge to express our feelings. （ B） Body language can be controlled by emotions. （ C） Emotions will be expressed by body language without control. （ D） Words are less useful than body language. （ A） The kids couldnt hide things perfectly. （ B） The hiders body language tells the location unconsciously.
13、（ C） The pressure forced the hider to tell the location. （ D） The finder finally finds the map of the hidden things. （ A） It is unconscious when people suppress emotions. （ B） It comes when people escape from their true feelings. （ C） It makes people sad when depression comes. （ D） It is exciting wh
14、en leakage is used in depression. （ A） Children can spend 10 000 doing what they want. （ B） Children will be asked to arrange the parents wedding. （ C） Children will prepare their weddings without parents help. （ D） Children will be asked to imagine the things they dream about. （ A） It risks the hea
15、lthy growth of children. （ B） It makes weddings too expensive to enjoy for new couples. （ C） It makes people feel weddings are not being taken seriously. （ D） It has negative influence on children. （ A） To describe the life they dream about. （ B） To talk about interesting things on their parents wed
16、ding. （ C） To arrange things about hen nights or stag parties. （ D） To design almost all the issues they want on the wedding day. （ A） To dress like a cartoon character on the wedding day. （ B） To adopt children and bring them up as their own. （ C） To accept the new wedding ideas of their children.
17、（ D） To cheer for their childrens excellent performance. Section C 26 Self-image is the picture you have of yourself, the sort of person you believe you are.【 B1】 _in your self-image are the categories in which you place yourself, the roles you play, and other【 B2】 _descriptors you use to identify y
18、ourself. If you tell an acquaintance you are a grandfather who recently lost his wife and who does【 B3】 _work on weekends, several elements of your self-image are【 B4】 _the roles of grandparent, widower, and conscientious citizen. But self-image is more than how you picture yourself; it also involve
19、s how others see you. Three types of feedback from others are【 B5】 _how they see us: confirmation, rejection, and disconfirmation. Confirmation occurs when others treat you in a manner【 B6】 _with who you believe you are. You believe you have leadership abilities and your boss puts you【 B7】_a new wor
20、k team. On the other hand, rejection occurs when others treat you in a manner that is inconsistent with your self-definition. Pierre Salinger was appointed senator from California but【 B8】 _lost his first election. He thought he was a good public official, but the voters obviously thought otherwiset
21、heir vote was inconsistent with his self-concept. The third type of feedback is disconfirmation, which occurs when others fail to【 B9】 _to your notion of self by responding neutrally. A student writes what he thinks is an excellent composition, but the teacher writes no encouraging remarks. Rather t
22、han relying on how others【 B10】 _ you, consider how you identify yourself. The way in which you identify yourself is the best reflection of your self-image. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 On Modesty Attention to detail is somet
23、hing everyone can and should doespecially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resource expert notices this in the job application that comes across his desk every day. “Its【 C1】 _how many candidates cancel themselves,“ he says. “Resumes arrive with stains. Some candidates dont【 C2】 _ to spe
24、ll the companys name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I【 C3】 _the candidate,“ Crossley concludes. “If they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job?“ Can we pay too much attention to details? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of somethin
25、g larger they work toward. “To keep from losing the forest for the trees,“ says Charles Garfield, professor at the University of California, San Francisco, “we must【 C4】 _ask ourselves how the details were working on fit into the large picture.“ Garfield【 C5】 _this process to his work as a computer
26、scientist at NASA. “The Apollo II moon【 C6】 _ was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time,“ says Garfield. “But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the【 C7】 _ coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to make【 C8】 _as necessary.“ Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the sig
27、nificance of the every task we【 C9】 _ Often we believe what accounts for others success is some special secret or a lucky break. But rarely is success so【 C10】 _Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large reward follow. A)adjustments F)compares k)administration B
28、)comprises G)dominant L)bother C)probably H)eliminate M)mysterious D)undertake I)abolish N)precise E)amazing J)launch O)constantly 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Rainforest City A)A patch of tropical rainforest has twice the nu
29、mber of mammal species, five times the bats and birds and ten times the types of tree than an identical sized patch of temperate forest. Explaining this diversity is extremely difficult, but much of the answer lies in the unique complexity, productivity and dynamism of the place. These three feature
30、s have simultaneously fed upon each other to erect and populate the equivalent of vast, buzzing metropolises in the living world. B)In fact, the more we look at the rainforest, the more we see parallels with a city. Just like a city, the rainforest has “guilds“groups that share a common livelihood.
31、Where the city may have guilds of locksmiths and fishmongers(鱼贩 ), the rainforest has guilds of understorey nectar-eaters and emergent epiphytes(附生植物 ). C)And, just as a large city offers more employment opportunities than a small town, the rainforest has significantly more guilds than other habitat
32、s. This is partly due to its more complex structurethe fact that there is an understorey means species can find a livelihood in the understorey but the rainforest is also effectively open all year and so it offers employment that is simply not available in other habitats. D)A deckchair attendant in
33、Britain has to do odd jobs in the winter, but in Thailand its a year-round occupation. Similarly, no animal can be just a seed-eater in an oak forest, because acorns only fall in autumn. In the rainforest, seeds are always falling from the canopy(树冠 ), and so seed-eating is a legitimate profession -
34、it has its own guild. Similarly, due to the year-round demand in cities, specialists such as carpet-cleaners, copywriters and couriers can thrive, while in a small town, they are absent. E)The rainforest “job market“ is also enormous as a result of its permanently booming “economy.“ In nature, energ
35、y is the currency, and the incredible productivity of the rainforest ensures that theres always enough of it around to enable millions of species to live side by side. And, to avoid competition, natural selection has made sure that, even within a guild there are tiny differences in the diets, habita
36、ts or behaviours of each member. F)The rainforest could therefore be regarded as a vast association of specialists, a community of animals and plants that ply their own very particular trade. In insects, the specialisation is extreme. Most live on only one or two species of plant. One tree in Panama
37、 was found to have 163 species of beetles that were exclusive to that type of tree. G)Most rainforest plants protect their leaves with poisons. In order to eat a plants leaves, the insects have to evolve to become tolerant to its particular cocktail of toxins(毒素 ). After thousands of years, most her
38、bivorous insects are committed to living on their host plant alone. H)So, every poison-laced rainforest tree has a whole community of species living on, under and around it that are not found anywhere else. This situation is not unique to the rainforest. The same happens in Britain. In oak or Scots
39、pine forests, a host of species live on just the oak trees or Scots pines. But the fact is that in these forests, virtually every tree is an oak or a Scots pine. I)What makes the rainforest so special, and so diverse, is that in one hectare there can be 300 different types of tree, each with its own
40、 exclusive community. In one tract of forest there are thousands, and worldwide there could be up to 50 000 canopy-tree species. To an insect, the rainforest isnt just one job market, but thousands of different job markets, all located in the same city. J)This “mosaic(组合 )of trees“ is probably the s
41、ingle most important cause of diversity in the rainforest, and yet we dont really understand how it happens that is, why you dont normally find groves of trees in the rainforest. K)It could be that the 50 000 different trees suit 50 000 different types of plot and that the best tree for the spot exc
42、ludes all the others. Or, it could be that all the trees are as “good“ as each other and that the forest is trapped in an endless game of tick-tack-toe(三连游戏 )with no ultimate winner. Or, it could be that some species are better than the others and are in the process of taking over, but because this
43、process would take centuries, they never quite manage it before something such as a storm or landslide puts them back to square one. L)But none of these explanations answers a simple question: if this is true for the rainforest, why isnt it true for an oak forest in England? The only theory that sol
44、ves this puzzle is one that looks back to animals for an answer. Remember the guild of seed-eaters? In the rainforest a long list of species belongs to this guild. M)There are beetles and weevils(象鼻虫 ), squirrels and mice, rats, birds and larger mammals such as forest pigs, deer and tapirs. When thi
45、s gang finds a tree in fruit, they feast until virtually no seed survives. The only seeds that are spared are those scattered far and wide, lying alone on the forest floor. It is these seeds that will go on to create the next generation of canopy treesone that, like the previous generation, is also
46、scattered far and wide. N)This is how the seed-eaters might create a mosaic of treesby stopping any one tree from becoming too common. It wouldnt happen in an English oak forest because there is no guild of seed-eatersits not a year-round occupation. O)No one doubts that the rainforest is extremely
47、valuable, but not everyone sees this value in the same way. Timber merchants, for example, see one kind of value, and environmentalists see another. To many scientists, a rainforest is most valuable when left alone to prosper without human interference, but with a growing human population, a global
48、market for extracted goods and the extent of poverty around the equator, an evaluation of the rainforest has to be more practical than this. P)A new breed of rainforest valuation attempts to fit into the accounting books of nations and international organisations. It speaks the language of accountan
49、ts, costs both the benefits of an intact rainforest and the losses of a vanished one, works out a forests “natural capital“ and assesses its contribution to “environmental services“. Its grand conclusion: each hectare of intact rainforest is worth about 4 500. It may not sound much, but that puts more than 7.5 trillion in the pockets of some of the most troubled countries on Earth. Q)So where does this figure come
