1、大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷 38及答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 玉雕（ jade carving）是中国最古老的雕刻品种之一。玉石历来被人们当作珍宝，在中国古代，玉被看作是美好品质和君子风范的象征。玉石加工雕琢成为精美的工艺品，称为玉雕。工艺师在制作的过程中，根据不同玉料的天然颜色和自然形状，经过精心设计、反复琢磨，才能把玉石雕制成精美的工艺品。玉雕的品种主要有人物、器具、鸟兽、花卉等大件作品，也有别针（ brooch）、戒指、印章等小件作品。中国的玉雕作品在 世界上享有很好的声誉。 2 龙袍（ imperial robe），从字面上理解就是绣（ emb
2、roider）有龙形花纹的袍服，在中国古代服饰文化史上占有重要地位。龙纹最早出现在周朝，当时出现画有龙纹的服装，但没有出现真正意义上的龙袍。秦汉时期，上下相连的袍服出现，但袍服上仍没有龙形的花纹。直到隋唐时期冕服上才开始出现龙纹，但是帝王平时穿用的常服上并没有龙纹。只有到了元明时期，帝王袍服上绣有龙纹的现象才越来越多，自此也就出现了真正意义的龙袍。 3 明朝是中国历史上最后一个由汉族建立的王朝，历经十二世、 十六位皇帝，国祚 276年。明朝初期明太祖朱元璋定都于南京市。 1421年由明成祖朱棣迁都至北京市。明朝是继汉唐盛世后又一个兴盛的中原王朝，也曾是手工业、经济最繁荣的国家之一。明史（ Th
3、e History of Ming）认为洪武、永乐在位时期， “治隆唐宋 ”、 “远迈汉唐 ”。明朝时期，无汉唐之和亲，无两宋之岁币，天子御国门，君主死社稷，为后世子孙所敬仰。 4 孙权，字（ courtesy name）仲谋，今浙江富阳人。 15 岁时就开始征战沙场。他是一位善于纳贤的英杰，勇敢果断，选拔官员的标准是唯贤任能。 他大胆任用了一批年轻有为的将领，从而帮助孙权成就了一代宏图大业。孙权统治江东 50年，对开发建业和整个江南地区做出了重大贡献。他发展农业，兴修水利，疏浚（ dredge）和扩大了秦淮河水道。他还发展了航海事业，派人到夷洲（今台湾省），出使辽东半岛（ peninsula
4、）及南海诸国，还为西域僧人建造了金陵的第一座佛寺 建初寺。 5 在中国古代社会，官服是权力的象征，历来受到统治阶级的重视。因为明朝皇帝姓朱，所以官员的官服是以大红为主的（紫色从此不在官服中使用），且样式近似唐代圆领服。最有特色的是用 “补子 ”（ buzi）表示官员的品级。补子是一块约 40-50厘米的正方形丝绸材料，可织绣上不同的纹样，然后被分别缝缀在官服的胸前和背后。文官的补子用飞禽，武官用走兽，分成九个等级。平常穿的圆领袍衫则凭衣服长短来区分身份，衣服长的人地位高。 大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷 38答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 【正确答案】 Jad
5、e carving is one of the oldest carving arts in China. Jade was always treated as treasure. In ancient China, jade was regarded as a symbol of refinement and moral ethics. Jade carving refers to the process to carve a piece of jade into a fine article of art. A carving artist has to thoroughly examin
6、e a piece of jade, cudgel his brains to make a design according to its natural colors and shape, and turn it into an artistic work. Jade can be carved into human figures, containers, images of birds, animals, flowers as well as small things like brooches, rings or seals. Chinese jade carving works e
7、njoy a high reputation in the world. 【知识模块】 段落翻译 2 【正确答案】 Imperial robe literally means a robe that is embroidered with images of Chinese dragon, which played an important role in the history of Chinese ancient dress culture. The design of Chinese dragon appeared as early as in the Zhou Dynasty but
8、the real imperial robe had not yet existed. By the Qin and Han dynasties, the robe with upper and lower parts as a whole was designed, but still no flower pattern of Chinese dragon on the robe. By the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the crown clothing that consisted of both upper clothes and lower skirt beg
9、an to have the flower pattern of Chinese dragon. However, the ordinary dress worn by the emperor wasnt embroidered with the flower pattern of Chinese dragon. Only by the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, imperial robe embroidered with the flower pattern of Chinese dragon began to become more common and the r
10、eal imperial robe came into being. 【知识模块】 段落翻译 3 【正确答案】 The Ming Dynasty is the last dynasty established by the Han Chinese in Chinese history. It had 16 emperors of 12 generations in its 276 years. Zhu Yuanzhang, founder of the Ming Dynasty, set its capital in Nanjing in the early years. Emperor Zh
11、udi moved its capital to Beijing in 1421. The Ming Dynasty is a follow-up to the prosperous Han and Tang dynasties, when the handicraft industry and economy flourished. The History of Ming suggests that during the reign of Emperor Hongwu and Yongle, the Ming Dynasty was much more developed than the
12、Han, the Tang and the Song dynasties. The Ming Dynasty was never forced to establish marital relationships with neighboring kingdoms like Tang Dynasty, neither did it pay any tribute like the Song did. Emperors in the Ming Dynasty all dedicated to its country and are respected by their descendants.
13、【知识模块】 段落翻译 4 【正确答案】 Sun Quan, whose courtesy name is Zhongmou, was born in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province. Sun began to fight on the battlefield when he was only 15 years old. Later, when he became a leader, he was brave, decisive and impartial in appointing officials. As a result, a lot of young yet ta
14、lented men were promoted to important position, which helped Sun a lot in building his kingdom. During his fifty years rule, Sun Quan contributed a lot to the development of Jianye (present Nanjing) and the south China as a whole by developing agriculture, building irrigation projects as well as dre
15、dging and widening the waterway of the Qinhuai River. Whats more, he helped to develop Chinas navigation industry by sending off convoys to Yizhou (modern Taiwan Province), Liaodong Peninsula and some island countries around South China Sea. Under his order, the first Buddhist temple which was named
16、 Jianchu Temple was built for monks from the Western Regions. 【知识模块】 段落翻译 5 【正确答案】 In ancient China, the official dress was a symbol of power, and was taken seriously by the ruling class of ages. In the Ming Dynasty, as the emperors family name was Zhu meaning red, the official dress was mostly brig
17、ht red; as a result, the colour purple was no longer used as the colour for the official dress during the period. The Ming official dress looked quite similar to the round-neck dress in the Tang Dynasty. The “buzi” was the most special characteristic of the Ming official dress, which was used to sho
18、w the grade of officials. The buzi was a piece of square silk about 40-50cm, which was embroidered with different flower patterns and then sewn to the front part and back part of the official dress. The buzi of the civilian was embroidered with the figure of fowls, and that of the military officer was embroidered with the figures of beasts, which was divided into nine grades. The ordinary round-neck gowns and robes were distinguished according to the length of the dress. The longer the clothes the higher the position. 【知识模块】 段落翻译
