1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 277及答案与解析 Section C 0 Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them. Farmers can also call on
2、 the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox, they kill it or a hunter shoots it. People who take par
3、t in hunting think of it as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy. It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But
4、over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal (残酷的 ), has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation (冲突 ) between hunters and hunt saboteurs (阻拦者 ). Sometimes these incidents lead to vio
5、lence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the foxs smell, which the dogs follow. Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the pursuit of foxes itself. But this
6、 year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labour Party member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protec
7、ted under the ban in Britain. 1 Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes _. （ A） for recreation （ B） in the interests of the farmers （ C） to limit the fox population （ D） to show off their wealth 2 What is special about fox hunting in Britain? （ A） It involves the use of a deadly poison. （ B）
8、It is a costly event which rarely occurs. （ C） The hunters have set rules to follow. （ D） The hunters have to go through strict training. 3 Fox hunting opponents often interfere in the game _. （ A） by resorting to violence （ B） by confusing the fox hunters （ C） by taking legal action （ D） by demonst
9、rating on the scene 4 A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to _. （ A） prohibit farmers from hunting foxes （ B） forbid hunting foxes with dogs （ C） stop hunting wild animals in the countryside （ D） prevent large-scale fox hunting 5 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） killing
10、foxes with poison is illegal （ B） limiting the fox population is unnecessary （ C） hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violent （ D） fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich 5 A new study suggests that the more teenagers watch television, the more likely they
11、are to develop depression as young adults. But the extent to which TV may or may not be to blame is a question that the study leaves unanswered. The researchers used a national long-term survey of adolescent health to investigate the relationship between media use and depression. They based their fi
12、ndings on more than 4,000 adolescents who were not depressed when the survey began in 1995. As part of the survey, the young people were asked how many hours of television or videos they watched daily. They were also asked how often they played computer games and listened to the radio. Media use tot
13、aled an average of 5 and one-half hours a day. More than 2 hours of that was spent watching TV. 7 years later, in 2002, more than 7 percent of the young people had signs of depression. The average age at that time was 21. Brian Primack at the University of Pittsburgh medical school was the lead auth
14、or of the new study. He says every extra hour of television meant an 8 percent increase in the chances of developing signs of depression. The researchers say they did not find any such relationship with the use of other media such as movies, video games or radio. But the study did find that young me
15、n were more likely than young women to develop depression given the same amount of media use. Doctor Primack says the study did not explore why watching TV causes depression. But one possibility, he says, is that it may take time away from activities that could help prevent depression, like sports a
16、nd socializing. It might also interfere with sleep, he says, and that could have an influence. The study was just published in the Archives of General Psychiatry. In December, the journal Social Indicators Research published a study of activities that help lead to happy lives. Sociologists from the
17、University of Maryland found that people who describe themselves as happy spend less time watching television than unhappy people. The study found that happy people are more likely to be socially active, to read, attend religious services and to vote. 6 According to the first paragraph, what remains
18、 unsolved in the new study? （ A） Who is more likely to be influenced by TV. （ B） How teenagers are depressed by TV. （ C） Whether teenagers are influenced by TV. （ D） What should be done to help the teenagers. 7 The more than 4,000 adolescents were chosen as the subjects of the study because they_. （
19、 A） were free from depression （ B） were keen on using the media （ C） attached much importance to their health （ D） could afford the time for the long-term survey 8 What can be inferred from the seventh paragraph? （ A） Depression is not related to the use of other media than TV. （ B） Every extra hour
20、 of media uses increases the chance of depression. （ C） Longer use of media other than TV doesnt increase the chance of depression. （ D） The influence of movies, video games and radio on depression varies respectively. 9 In the last sentence of the eighth paragraph, “It“ refers to _. （ A） depression
21、 （ B） watching TV （ C） lack of activities （ D） the result of the study 10 The study done by the sociologists from the University of Maryland was mainly intended to _. （ A） tell the difference between happy and unhappy people （ B） prove the relationship between TV and depression （ C） stress the impor
22、tance of being socially active （ D） provide a happy recipe for all people 10 Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for a fortnight. When he came to analyse their embarrassing lapses (差错 ) in a scientific report, he was surp
23、rised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings. Nor did the lapses appear to be entirely random (随机的 ). One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “The explanation for this is that t
24、he brain is like a computer,“ explains the professor. “People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the womans custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. But somehow the action got reversed in the programme.“ About one in twenty of the
25、incidents the volunteers reported were these “programme assembly failures.“ Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing an average of twelve each. There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest (荒谬可笑的 ). These are two hours some
26、time between eight a.m. and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak between eight and ten p.m. “Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover in brain programmes occurs, as for instance between going to and from work.“ Women on average reported slightly more lapses 12.5 compared with
27、10.9 for men probably because they were more reliable reporters. A. startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that skill reduces the number of errors we make. But trying to avoid silly slips by
28、 concentrating more could make things a lot worse even dangerous. 11 In his study Professor Smith asked the subjects _. （ A） to keep track of people who tend to forget things （ B） to report their embarrassing lapses at random （ C） to analyse their awkward experiences scientifically （ D） to keep a re
29、cord of what they did unintentionally 12 Professor Smith discovered that _. （ A） certain patterns can be identified in the recorded incidents （ B） many people were too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindedness （ C） men tend to be more absent-minded than women （ D） absent-mindedness is an excusabl
30、e human weakness 13 “Programme assembly failures“ (Line 6, Para. 2) refers to the phenomenon that people _. （ A） often fail to programme their routines beforehand （ B） tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurry （ C） unconsciously change the sequence of doing things （ D） are likely to mess things
31、 up if they are too tired 14 We learn from the third paragraph that_. （ A） absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the day （ B） women are very careful to perform actions during peak periods （ C） women experience more peak periods of absent-mindedness （ D） mens absent-mindedness ofte
32、n results in funny situations 15 It can be concluded from the passage that_. （ A） people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapses （ B） hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good at （ C） people should be careful when programming their actions （ D） lapses canno
33、t always be attributed to lack of concentration 15 Its no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. Thats especially true of children who remain in abusive homes because the law blindly favors biological parents. Its
34、also true of children who suffer for years in foster homes (收养孩子的家庭 ) because of parents who cant or wont care for them but refuse to give up custody (监护 ) rights. Fourteen-year-old Kimberly Mays fits neither description, but her recent court victory could eventually help children who do. Kimberly h
35、as been the object of an angry custody battle between the man who raised her and her biological parents, with whom she has never lived. A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father shes ever known and that her biological parents have “no legal claim“ on her. The ruling, th
36、ough it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. Thats an important development, one thats long overdue. Shortly after birth in December 1978, Kimberly Mays and another infant were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents. Ki
37、mberlys biological parents, Ernest and Regina Twigg, received a child who died of a heart disease in 1988. Medical tests showed that the child wasnt the Twiggs own daughter, but Kimberly was, thus sparking a custody battle with Robert Mays. In 1989, the two families agreed that Mr. Mays would mainta
38、in custody with the Twiggs getting visiting rights. Those rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed. The decision to leave Kimberly with Mr. Mays rendered her suit debated. But the judge made clear that Kimberly did have standing to sue (起诉 ) on her own behalf. Thus he m
39、ade clear that she was more than just property to be handled as adults saw fit. Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. But biological parents arent always preferable to adoptive ones, and biological parentage does not convey an absolute ownership that cancels all the
40、 rights of children. 16 What was the primary consideration in the Florida judges ruling? （ A） The biological link. （ B） The childs benefits. （ C） The traditional practice （ D） The parents feelings. 17 We can learn from the Kimberly case that_. （ A） children are more than just personal possessions of
41、 their parents （ B） the biological link between parent and child should be emphasized （ C） foster homes bring children more pain and suffering than care （ D） biological parents shouldnt claim custody rights after their child is adopted 18 The Twiggs claimed custody rights to Kimberly because _. （ A）
42、 they found her unhappy in Mr. Mays custody （ B） they regarded her as their property （ C） they were her biological parents （ D） they felt guilty about their past mistake 19 Kimberly had been given to Mr. Mays _. （ A） by sheer accident （ B） out of charity （ C） at his request （ D） for better care 20 T
43、he authors attitude towards the judges ruling could be described as _. （ A） doubtful （ B） critical （ C） cautious （ D） supportive 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 277答案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据第 3段第 1句的前半部分 People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport可知，参加捕杀的人们把猎杀狐狸当成是一种运动， A与之
44、相符。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据第 3段首句末尾说，凡是参加的人都要遵循严格的行为准则， C“猎手已建立起需要遵循的规则 ”与之相符，故选 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 事实细节题。第 4段末句提到，在大部分情况下，阻拦者利用为骑马的人引错路和进行气味干扰来干涉捕猎， B与之相符，故选 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 事实细节题。文章倒数第 2句提及，督促议会通过一项新法案，将带狗猎杀野生动物列为非法。而狐狸是野生动物的一种，故选 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 5 【正确答
45、案】 C 【试题解析】 推断题。根据第 4段第 2句后半部分可知，反对捕猎狐狸的人数在上升是因为他们认为捕猎狐狸是残酷的，故选 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第 1段最后一句开头的 the extent表明电视在 “多大程度上 ”导致青少年患上抑郁症这一问题上答案尚未明朗，也就是说，电视 “如何 ”使青少年患上抑郁症这一问题尚需进一步的研究，因此，本题应选 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第 2段最后一句中的定语从句表明这 些年轻人成为调查对象时都没有抑郁症，而这也是本文中唯一一处提到选择受试者标准的
46、地方，因此，本题应选 A。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第 7段第 1句中的 such relationship指的是第 6段最后一句提到的看电视的时间和患抑郁症的概率之间的关系，由此看来，第 7段第 1句应暗示使用电视以外的媒体的时间长短与患抑郁症的概率不形成同样的正比关系， C说的正是这个内容，因此本题应选 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第 8段最 后一句中的 also表明该句中的代词 It和上一句中的代词it所指相同，而根据该段的第 1句可以推断第 2句中的 it应指 watching TV，由此可见，本题应选 B。 【
47、知识模块】 仔细阅读 10 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 最后一段第 1句中的 a study指的就是下一句提到的 Sociologists from the University of Maryland所做的研究，第 1句末尾的定语从句表明了该研究的目的是为了帮助人们更快乐地生活，对比之下可见 D表达了与该定语从句意思相近的内容，因此本题 应选 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 11 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 事实细节题。本文第 1句中的 to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions就是指 to keep a
48、 record of what they did unintentionally，题目中的subjects指实验对象，被测试者。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据第 2句中 nearly all of them fell into a few groupings可以找到本题答案，题目中的 discover是该句中 find的同义词， A的patterns与原文中的 groupings意义相同。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 13 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 语义题。根据第 2段最后两句提到，但是不知怎么的这种行为在程序中颠倒了。这些被测试者报告的事件
49、中二十个中有一个属于这种 “流水线程序错误 ”。 C的 unconsciously与 somehow对应， change the sequence of doing things与the action got reversed对应，故本题选 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 14 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据第 3段的第 2、 3句 “一天之中似乎存在一些人们易犯荒谬可笑错误的高峰时段 ”，之后到举了几个高峰时间，可知 A与之相符。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 15 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据文章最后两句 “一般来说，我们会以为技术娴熟可以减少错误。但是为了避免出现愚蠢的失误而更加专注，只会把事情弄得更糟糕，甚至会导致危险。 ”可知 D“差错并不总是注意力不集中导致的 ”正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 16 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据第 2段最后一句 “女孩被判给她认识的父亲，即养父，而非生父 ”以及全文的最后一句中的 all the rights of children，可以推断，该判决是从孩子本身
