1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 196及答案与解析 Section A 0 Theres a world paper shortage. Theres a national bottle【 C1】 _, and were running out of raw materials like timber and tin or so the papers say. Well, Ive just emptied my shopping basket after my【 C2】 _shopping trip and it was full of things made from these【 C
2、3】 _materials. Half of what Id bought I threw away at once; all those unnecessary paper bags, plastic bags, fresh【 C4】 _paper and old newspapers they put the food in nowadays. Modern packaging makes shopping cleaner and more convenient, but at what【 C5】_? Every time you throw away a paper bag youre
3、throwing away part of a treeand trees dont grow【 C6】 _! At this rate there soon wont be any trees left, and then what shall we do? Perhaps well learn to do what my mother did. She used to keep a store of paper bags in a kitchen【 C7】 _and use them again and again for her shopping. Most goods were sol
4、d【 C8】 _in those days. And the shopkeeper weighed out the amount you wanted. Of course, liquid goods have always been【 C9】 _in bottles or cans, but why cant we use them more than once? If we【 C10】 _all our bottles we would save on the raw materials and energy needed to make new ones. Its time we sta
5、rted to think seriously about the growing shortage of raw materials in the world today. A drawer B. seldom C. weekly D. reused E. cost F. verify G. overnight H. wrapping I. enclosed J. loose K. sold L shortage M. scarce N. partial O. ban 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8
6、】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 Everglades National Park A)When many people think of Florida, images of sandy coastlines or theme park rides come to mind. But about an hour south of Miami lies a natural wilderness different from anywhere else in the United States. Everglades National Park is the la
7、rgest subtropical wilderness in the country. The park is home to several rare and endangered species. It is also the third largest national park in the lower forty-eight states, after Death Valley and Yellowstone. More than one million people visit the Everglades each year. B)The Everglades is consi
8、dered one of the great biological wonders of the world. The expansive wetlands stretch across more than six hundred thousand hectares(公顷 ). It is a place where plants and animals from the Caribbean Sea share an ecosystem with native North American species. Unlike most other national parks, Everglade
9、s National Park was created to protect an ecosystem from damage. The Everglades is home to thirty-six species that are considered threatened or protected. They include the Florida panther, the American crocodile and the West Indian manatee. In addition, more than three hundred fifty bird species and
10、 three hundred species of fresh and saltwater fish live within the park. The Everglades is also home to forty species of mammals(哺乳动物 )and fifty reptile(爬行动物 )species. C)Exotic plants can also be found in the Everglades. They include what is said to be the largest growth of mangrove trees in the wes
11、tern half of the world. Gumbo-limbo trees, known for their peeling red skin, strangler figs and royal palms are also among the areas plant life. The Everglades is also home to the countrys largest living mahogany tree. Sawgrass grows in some areas of the park. Be careful it is very sharp, with teeth
12、 just like a saw. It can grow up to four meters tall. With about one and one-half meters of rainfall each year, plants and trees never stop growing in the Everglades. D)The dry, winter season is the favorite of most visitors, when insects like mosquitoes are less of a problem. The rainy season lasts
13、 from June to November. There are many ways to explore the Everglades. Visitors could see American crocodiles while hiking the Anhinga Trail. The Everglades is the only place on Earth where fresh water crocodiles and saltwater crocodiles live in the same area. Visitors using canoes or airboats are l
14、ikely to see large groups of wading birds like the wood stork or great blue heron. It is even possible to see flamingos in the Everglades. This spring, Everglades National Park launched a visitation program to what was once a highly restricted military base. Park officials are working to recover a m
15、issile base used in the 1960s. The base played a Part In the nuclear tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. E)The government built the Florida base shortly after the discovery of Soviet missiles about three hundred kilometers away, on the island of Cuba. Tensions were high during t
16、he Cuban missile crisis. But missiles stored at the American base were never fired. The base was closed and all missile equipment was removed in the 1970s. Today only the buildings remain. This year, the historic area had many visitors, including former American service members who remember the miss
17、ile crisis. The park hopes to offer more trips next spring, to help support the history for those who lived through it and for future generations. F)Experts say changes to the Everglades are threatening several different kinds of wildlife. They say the threats are a result of actions the United Stat
18、es government began more than fifty years ago, and settlers began even earlier. The National Park Service says early colonial settlers and land developers thought the Everglades had little value. The settlers had plans to remove water from the area and in the 1880s developers began digging drain can
19、als. At the time, they did not understand the complexity of the Everglades ecosystem. As a result, they were not prepared for all the work and caused environmental problems. The ecosystem, however, was able to survive. G)Even larger efforts to drain the wetlands continued between 1905 and 1910. Larg
20、e areas were changed to farmland. This led to increased development, with more people moving to the Everglades and also more visitors. More changes came in 1948, when Congress approved the Central and South Florida Project. As part of the plan, the Army Corps of Engineers built roads, canals and wat
21、er-control systems throughout South Florida. The aim of the project was to provide water and flood protection for developed areas and agriculture. Workers built a huge system of waterways and pumping stations to control the overflow of Lake Okeechobee, north of the Everglades. Today, fifty percent o
22、f south Floridas early wetland areas no longer exist Populations of wading birds have been reduced by ninety percent Whole populations of animals are in danger of disappearing. The endangered creatures include the manatee, the Miami blackhead snake, the wood stork and the Florida panther. H)In recen
23、t years, environmental experts have learned about the damage to the Everglades. They say the natural balance of plants and animals has been destroyed. Recently, the Obama administration promised three hundred sixty million dollars to pay for Everglades restoration this year. The aclministration is a
24、lso asking that Congress approve an additional two hundred seventy-eight million dollars for next year. The money will help to support projects approved by the government nine years ago. The projects include improving wetlands in the Picayune Strand in Southwest Florida and repairs to Lake Okeechobe
25、es dam. Until now, the state of Florida has spent the most money on the project. I)Another threat biologists have been battling for years in the Everglades is the areas population of Burmese pythons(large snakes). Officials believe there are as many as one hundred fifty thousand of these large snake
26、s in the Everglades. But the snakes are a foreign species, native to Southeast Asia Owners of pythons left their unwanted snakes in the Everglades years ago. Biologists say adult pythons are able to eat small deer and bobcats. When pythons are found in the Everglades, they are often killed. Scientis
27、ts are now experimenting with other ways to remove the snakes, including trapping methods and offering payments to hunters. The future of the Everglades is not clear. However, efforts to protect the area are continuing so that people from all over the world may continue visiting this biological trea
28、sure. 11 Efforts to protect the area would be continued though the future of Everglades is still unknown. 12 In order to provide water and flood protection for developed areas and agriculture, the Congress approved the Central and South Florida Project. 13 The Soviet Union placed missiles on the isl
29、and of Cuba during the Cuban missile crisis. 14 With an ecosystem of plants and animals both from Caribbean Sea and North American, Everglades National Park aims at protecting an ecosystem from damage. 15 There are only ten percent of wading birds still existing in the Everglades. 16 The Burmese pyt
30、hons are a snake species that originated from Southeast Asia. 17 Most people prefer to visit the Everglades in winter. 18 The ecosystem of the Everglades was first threatened by actions of colonial settlers. 19 Located in the south of Miami, Everglades National Park is the largest subtropical wildne
31、ss in the US. 20 Visitors to the Everglades need to mind the sawgrass because it may cut them. Section C 20 Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology(意识形态 )that biology is destiny(命运 ). According to the ideology, basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes.
32、 These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life. Women are the weaker sex both physically and emotionally. Thus, they are naturally suited much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties. A womans place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective env
33、ironment of the home. Nature has determined that women play care-taker roles, such as wife and mother and homemaker. On the other hand men are best suited to go out into the competitive world of work and politics, where serious responsibilities must be taken on. Men are to be the providers; women an
34、d children are “dependents“. The idea also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex. It is thus appropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teac
35、hers, household helpers, and clerks and secretaries. These positions are simply an extension of womens domestic role. Informal distinctions between “womens work“ and “mens work“ in the labor force, according to the ideology, are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sex
36、es. Finally, the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way. For the human species to survive over time, its members must regularly reproduce. Thus, women must, whether at home or in the labor force, make the most of their physical appearance. So goes the ideology.
37、It is, of course, not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles in social life. There is much evidence that sex roles vary from society to society, and those role differences that do exist are largely learned. But to the degree
38、people actually believe that biology is destiny and that nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society, sex-defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable. 21 “Biology is destiny“ in the first sentence means that _. （ A） biological differences determine sex roles （ B
39、） ones sex is determined before his/her birth （ C） human cannot control their own fate （ D） human beings cant change their sex 22 Jobs such as nursing and teaching are considered suitable for women because _. （ A） women are physically and emotionally weaker （ B） men are not suited for such jobs （ C）
40、 such jobs grow out of their position in the home （ D） distinctions are made between “womens work“ and “mens work“ 23 The author most probably believes role differences exist because _. （ A） there are biological and psychological differences between the sexes （ B） men and women can make different co
41、ntributions to society （ C） men and women must survive in cooperation （ D） men and women acquire them from their cultures 24 Which of the following can sum up the main idea of the whole passage? （ A） Is Biology Destiny? （ B） An Important Ideology. （ C） Differences between the Sexes. （ D） Sex Roles.
42、25 The author looks at sex-defined roles with_. （ A） enthusiastic approval （ B） partial acceptance （ C） strong disagreement （ D） bitter criticism 25 Six years ago, a Miami woman walking through the hall of an office building casually noticed two men standing together. Several minutes after her leavi
43、ng, the men murdered a person working in the building. Police investigators determined that the woman was the only witness who had seen the two suspects, and could possibly describe them. In an interview with police, her memory of the men proved disappointingly unclear. Several days later, psycholog
44、ist Ronald P. Fisher was brought in to obtain a more complete account from the woman. Fishers interview produced a breakthrough(突破 )the woman reported a clear picture of one of the suspects. She then recalled several details about his appearances. This information gave police important leads that en
45、abled them to arrest the suspects and close the case. Police investigators sought the help from Fisher because of his rich knowledge in conducting the so-called cognitive(认知的 )interview, a kind of memory-rebuilding process. In its original form, the cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses t
46、hrough four general recalling techniques: thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events, reporting everything that comes to mind about those events no matter how broken or unconnected, retelling events in a variety of time orders, beginning to end
47、, end to beginning, forward or backward, and adopting different perspectives while recalling events. Usually, an interviewer begins the cognitive approach by encouraging the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone elses questions. The witnes
48、s first describes what happened in his or her own words, with no interviewer interruptions. The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques, such as having the witness tell the details of what happened from different perspectives. Experiments with police detectives trained in this demandi
49、ng interview method find that they get nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training, while error rates remain about the same. 26 What is the purpose of this passage? （ A） To give an account of a murder case in an office. （ B） To explain why Fisher was invited to a police interview. （ C） To describe how cognitive method helps the woman to recall. （ D） To give the readers an idea of cognitive interview. 27 The cognitive interview helped the woman to recall more by _. （
