1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 338及答案与解析 Section A 0 Adults who had been fed plenty of fruit when they were children are less likely to suffer from certain types of cancer, British scientists said on Wednesday. A medical study of【 C1】 _4,000 men and women showed that the more fruits the adults had eaten when th
2、ey were【 C2】 _the less likely they were to suffer from lung, bowel and breast cancer. “This study shows that childhood fruit consumption may have a long term【 C3】_effect on cancer risk in adulthood,“ Dr. Maria Maynard of the Medical Research Council in London said. All of the adults in the study had
3、 filled in a food【 C4】 _during the 1930s for a research study looking into the eating habits of families in【 C5】 _and urban areas of England and Scotland. Maynard and her colleagues studied the medical records of the group up to July 2000, by which time 483 cases of cancer had been【 C6】 _. In additi
4、on to fewer cases of cancer, a high consumption of fruit was【 C7】 _with a lower death rate from all causes. Fruits are loaded with antioxidants, vitamins and other nutrients, which can help to prevent genetic【 C8】 _that can lead to the development of cancer. The scientists also studied the【 C9】 _of
5、vitamins C, E and beta carotene on cancer but they did not find any【 C10】 _that individual antioxidants were as protective as fruit. A. impact B. efficiency C. associated D. insert E. protective F. furthermore G. decent H. diagnosed I. damage J. young K. inventory L. rural M. nearly N. evidence O. g
6、rab 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 Things You Cant Say in Canada A) Attacking our sacred cows (things or people that cannot be criticized) may turn you into one looked down upon by all others but it can also be a lot of fun. Every cultu
7、re has its unacknowledged taboos the things you are forbidden to say or do in polite company, the accepted truths you are not allowed to doubt. You might think that a liberal, open-minded country like Canada would be free of such taboos, but youd be wrong. In spite of our belief in our own civilized
8、 tolerance, some things are simply not open to debate. If you try, youre bound to shock the neighbors. B) Its risky to question the wisdom of the tribe. You might get stoned. On the other hand, some people might walk secretly up to you afterwards and tell you that they secretly agree. So heres a cha
9、llenge to a few of our nations most widely held beliefs. You say these things in public at your own danger. I will be elaborating on these points over the months to come. Feel free to stone me or secretly agree or, even better, add to the list. At the very least, theyre sure to start a good dinner-p
10、arty fight. C) Margaret Atwood writes some really awful books. The queen of Canadian literature dominates the literary world like a giant. Nobody has won more awards than she has, and nobody is more feared. There is no such a thing as a bad review of a Margaret Atwood book in Canada Thats too bad, b
11、ecause many of her books are tedious and unreadable, full of unpleasant characters and plot filled with torture. Why will no one say so? Because were grateful that she has put us on the global map. And because if they do, theyll never work in this country again. D) Recycling is a waste of time and m
12、oney. Once upon a time it was easy to put out the trash. Today, the Garbage Gestapo rules our lives. Every household has become a mini version of the village dump, and every one of us has become a garbage picker, carefully separating our organic waste from our bottles and papers, and worrying about
13、where our different kinds of garbage are supposed to go. Dont try to sort a wine bottle into the wrong bag! The trash police will punish you. The truth about recycling is that its a giant waste of dollars and doesnt help the environment. But dont tell your kids. They wont believe you. Theyve been br
14、ainwashed. E) Only private enterprise can save public health care. Tommy Douglas, the CBCs Greatest Canadian, brought us universal health care. But even his plan didnt originally pay for everybodys minor diseases, such as ingrown toenails. His primary goal was to make sure nobody faced financial rui
15、n if they got sick. Today we have a system where controlling costs is more important than treating patients, and where ideology is disabling us. In some places, including Toronto, people go blind waiting for cataract (白内障 ) surgery. The government could restore their sight tomorrow simply by sending
16、 them to a private clinic instead of to a hospital. The cost to the government would be exactly the same. But in Canada, “private“ is a dirty word, and so the government would rather you go blind. Poor Tommy would be spinning in his grave. F) David Suzuki is bad for the environment. From global warm
17、ing to farmed salmon and genetically modified crops, David Suzuki has just one message: The end is near. He is our homegrown prophet of doom, who can predict what will happen in the future. He advocates the essential wickedness of the human race. Like a modern Savonarola, he warns that unless we cas
18、t our material possessions into the bonfire, were all going to hell. The trouble with this predicting vision is that people are starting to isolate from the environment. And our hugely expensive investment in the unworkable Kyoto treaty, which Mr. Suzuki tells us doesnt go nearly far enough, will wi
19、pe out more practical measures to cut smog and clean up our waste sites. G) A national daycare program wont do a thing to help poor kids. Cheap national daycare! Who could be against it? Its supposed to give kids a better start in life, and nobody can object to that. But in Quebec, where the program
20、 started, universal daycare has turned out to be nothing more than a giant (and extremely costly) subsidy for relatively well-off middle-class parents. Few poor parents use the system. No doubt convenient daycare is a gift sent by god for many people. But so far there is no definitive evidence that
21、kids who go to daycare go on to do better in school or in life. So if we want to invest billions in helping kids, why are we spending it on the kids who need help the least? H) Group of Seven artists are overexposed genre (类型 ) painters. I like A.Y. Jackson as much as you do. His paintings remind me
22、 of when I went to summer camp. I grew up with a reproduction of The West Wind hanging in our living room. (That was by Tom Thomson, who wasnt really a member of Group of Seven, but never mind.) Group of Seven were the first artists to depict the wild Canadian landscape, and they were bold young reb
23、els in their time. But that time was 80 years ago. Today their work is the essence of bourgeois picture-postcard art the kind of art its safe to take your mother to see. Enough, already. Maybe its time we moved on. I) The United States is the greatest force for ever the world has ever known. Of all
24、the shocking things you can say around the dinner table, this is the most shocking one. After all, America-criticizing is part of our national identity. At best, we see our neighbor as a well-intentioned but arrogant and wrong-doing bully (欺负弱小者 ) that throws its weight around too much. At worst, we
25、 see our neighbor as one of the most evil nations in the world. And yet, right now, hundreds of millions of people in desperately poor parts of the world are being liberated from millennia of suffering and serfdom. Why? Because of the United States, which has spread its idea of economic freedom and
26、its purchasing power around the world. 11 David Suzuki believes that “the end is near“, and he is regarded as a local prophet of doom. 12 In Quebec, the national daycare system is seldom used by poor parents. 13 Thanks to the United States, desperately poor parts of the world are being liberated fro
27、m millennia of suffering and serfdom. 14 Margaret Atwood has been regarded as the queen of Canadian Literature. 15 Criticizing the United States is the Canadas national identity. 16 Almost everyone in Canada becomes a garbage picker and carefully sorts out different kinds of garbage. 17 The Kyoto tr
28、eaty was aimed at solving pollution problems. 18 Canada is a country that is liberal and open-minded. 19 As “private“ is regarded as a dirty word, the government isnt willing to send patients to a private clinic. 20 Group of Seven were the first artists to depict the wild Canadian landscape. Section
29、 C 20 In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry. Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service. So why do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality.
30、 The better the service, the bigger the tip. A paper analyzing data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants shows that the relationship between larger tips and better service was very weak Customers who rated a meal as “excellent“ still tipped anywhere between 8% and 37% of the meal pri
31、ce. Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom has become established; it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In a New York restaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers can expect to get 15-20%, t
32、he man who delivers your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is less common; in many restaurants, free tipping is being replaced by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all. How to account for these national differences? Look no further than psycholo
33、gy. According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell papers co-author, countries in which people are more outgoing, sociable or neurotic (神经质的 ) tend to tip more. Tipping relieves anxiety about being served by strangers. “And,“ says Mr. Lynn, “in America, where people are outgoing and expressive, tipping is a
34、bout social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off.“ Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip a measure of their introversion (内向 ) and lack of neuroses, no doubt. While such explanations may be crude, the hard truth seems to be that tipping doe
35、s not work. It does not benefit the customer. Nor, in the case of restaurants, does it actually encourage the waiter, or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff. The cry of mean tippers that service people should “just be paid a decent wage“ may actually make economic sense. 21 F
36、rom the passage we can understand that Americans _. （ A） are reluctant to give tips, but they still do so （ B） like to give tips to service people to help them financially （ C） are willing to give tips because they love the practice （ D） are giving fewer and fewer tips 22 We can learn from the third
37、 paragraph that _. （ A） tips are voluntary in America （ B） tipping is rare in many Asian countries （ C） people dont tip in Europe （ D） tipping is now popular in Iceland 23 Based on Michael Lynns theory, which of the following is true? （ A） Nervous people do not usually tip. （ B） American people are
38、anxious. （ C） Icelanders dont like to show off. （ D） People will ignore you if you tip badly. 24 Michael Lynn is most probably _. （ A） an economist （ B） a writer （ C） a psychologist （ D） a sociologist 25 What does the author think about the relationship between service and tip? （ A） Bigger tips brin
39、g about better service. （ B） Good service should be rewarded with tips. （ C） Tips are effective in improving service. （ D） Tips cannot help prompt better service. 25 Its 10 pm. You may not know where your child is, but the chip does. The chip will also know if your child has fallen and needs immedia
40、te help. Once doctors arrive, the chip will also be able to tell them which drugs are not suitable for little Johnny or Janie. At the hospital, the chip will tell doctors his or her complete medical history. And of course, when you arrive to pick up your child, settling the hospital bill with your h
41、ealth insurance policy will be a simple matter of waving your own chip the one embedded in your hand. To some, this may sound unbelievable. But the technology for such chips is no longer the stuff of science fiction. And it may soon offer many other benefits besides locating lost children or elderly
42、 patients. It could be used as credit cards and people wont have to carry wallets anymore. On the other hand, some are already wondering what this sort of technology may do to the sense of personal privacy and liberty. “Any technology of this kind could result in abuse of personal privacy,“ says Lee
43、 Tien, senior staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation. “If a kid can be tracked, do you want other people to be able to track your kid? Its a double-edged sword.“ Applied Digital Solutions, Inc. in Palm Beach, Florida, says it has recently applied to the Food and Drug Administration fo
44、r permission to begin testing its device in humans. About the size of a grain of rice, the microchip can be encoded (编码 ) with bits of information and embedded in humans under a layer of skin. When scanned by a nearby reader, the embedded chip gives the data. Most embedded chip designs are so-called
45、 passive chips, which give information only when scanned by a nearby reader. But active chips such as the proposed Digital Angel of the future will give out information all the time. And that means designers will have to develop some sort of power source that can provide a continuous source of energ
46、y, yet be small enough to be embedded with the chips. In addition to technical problems, many suspect that all sorts of legal and privacy issues would have to be cleared as well. 26 By using the example in the first two paragraphs, the author wants to tell us that _. （ A） chips are usually used to l
47、ocate lost children （ B） chips are more convenient than credit cards （ C） chips will soon be useful in many aspects of daily lives （ D） chips will bring out the issue of abuse of personal privacy 27 What is the attitude of Lee Tien towards the chips? （ A） Negative. （ B） Indifferent. （ C） Arbitrary.
48、（ D） Cautious. 28 One of the features of the device considered by Applied Digital Solutions is _. （ A） duration （ B） capacity （ C） safety （ D） purpose 29 Which of the following statements about Digital Angel is NOT true? （ A） Digital Angel will include at least a chip and a power source. （ B） Digita
49、l Angel will soon be produced and replace passive chips. （ C） Digital Angel will be embedded in humans under a layer of skin. （ D） Digital Angel will give information without being scanned by a reader. 30 It is indicated in the passage that chip producers have to consider the following issues EXCEPT _. （ A） financial problems （ B） technical problems （ C） legal problems （ D） privacy problems 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 338答案与解析 Section A 【知识模块】 词汇理解 1 【正确答案】 M 【试题解析】 本句 of后面已出现名
