1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 45及答案与解析 Section C 0 Over the past decade, the environmental movement has exploded onto the mind of mainstream consumers, a fact not lost on marketers and advertisers. Green advertising started in the mid-1980s when issues of the environment muscled their way to the forefront of m
2、arketing. Advertisers saw the consumer desire for environmentally safe products and tried to meet the demand as quickly as possible. Not surprisingly, this first wave suffered from rough and poorly conceived marketing efforts. Many advertisers embraced a genuine concern for the environment. But cons
3、umers realized that some companies made false claims and exploited the movement, using such nebulous(模糊的 )terms as “environmentally friendly“ and “green“ Consumers grew wary of environmental appeals, and advertisers reacted by reducing its emphasis. To avoid future trouble, many companies waited for
4、 state and federal governments to define terms and provide legal guidelines, which paved the road to a second wave. In 1992 the Federal Trade Commission established guidelines for green marketing, followed shortly by state governments. California passed particularly strict laws, setting definitions
5、for terms like “ozone friendly“, “biodegradable“, and “recycled“. According to the states court, “California seeks to guard against potentially specious; claims or ecological puffery(吹捧 )about products with minimal environmental attributes.“ Texas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Tennessee, Connecticut, a
6、nd Washington soon followed the Golden State s lead. The rigid regulations have left a number of advertisers confused and frustrated, although some feel that environmental claims have already peaked and are on their way out. Some believe that weve now entered green advertisings third wave, where env
7、ironmental concern is now part of the mainstream. 1 What were some early problems with Green advertisements? （ A） They were expensive. （ B） No one believed them. （ C） They were unsuccessful. （ D） They were often deceptive. 2 What was the response by consumers? （ A） Consumers were responsible. （ B） C
8、onsumers were hostile. （ C） Consumers didnt care all the time. （ D） Consumers got tired of it. 3 How did Green advertisements change after the first wave? （ A） They became more popular. （ B） They were more regulated. （ C） They became better produced. （ D） They became less honest. 4 When did the thir
9、d green wave come? （ A） When environmental concern rises. （ B） When advertisers are self-regulating themselves. （ C） When advertisements become very regulated. （ D） When the mainstream also becomes concerned about it. 5 Which of the following state takes the lead in guarding against ecological puffe
10、ry of products with minimal environmental attributes? （ A） Massachusetts. （ B） Texas. （ C） California. （ D） Connecticut. 5 Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of t
11、he United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the “system“ of pri
12、ces; The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else. If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define “price“, many would reply that price is an amount of mon
13、ey paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction,
14、much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, th
15、e form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total “package“ being
16、 exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price. 6 The author use the example of American price system to illustrate that_. （ A） the price system of the United States is very complicated （ B） price is an amount of money （ C） buyer and seller should be aware
17、 of all the factors comprising the total price （ D） price consists of both the amount of money and services 7 What is the passage mainly about? （ A） Buyers and sellers should be familiar with the money amount. （ B） The definition of price. （ C） People have no a complete understanding of a price. （ D
18、） Price system of the United States. 8 According to the passage , the price system is related primarily to_. （ A） labor and education （ B） transportation and insurance （ C） products and services （ D） the buyer and the seller 9 What is NOT a factor consisting of price? （ A） The amount of money. （ B）
19、Service to be exchanged. （ C） The credit terms. （ D） Guarantees on safety. 10 In the last sentence of the passage, the word “they“ refers to_. （ A） package （ B） all the factors （ C） buyer and seller （ D） money 10 How do you know if your home is an easy aim for thefts? Around the holidays, many famil
20、ies dont consider taking proper measures to prevent their homes from suffering holiday thefts. With just a few simple steps, you can better make sure of the safety of your home during all of the holiday celebrations. Here are a few tips for making it difficult to tell you are away from home. Either
21、have a trusted neighbor pick up your mail and newspapers, or tell your mailperson to hold your mail until you return. Nothing says “Hey, we are not home!“ like when your postbox is filled with all kinds of mails and you have many different newspapers in your driveway. Set several different lights in
22、 your house on random timers. Dont leave your outdoor lights on all the time. Instead, put your outside lights on timers to be on during the nights. If an outdoor light remains on for days at a time, it means that nobody is home to turn it off. If you have pets that you are not taking with you on va
23、cation, leave them with a friend, rather than having someone come into your house every day to take care of them. When thefts see a neighbor or friend entering your house every day, they will know you are not home. Close all your curtains when you leave town. This is effective to deter possible thef
24、ts, as no one can see what is in your house. If they dont know what is inside, then they are less likely to run the risk of breaking in. This article just has suggested a few tips to help you keep your house safe while you are on holiday. Nothing can truly protect your home unless you have it monito
25、red by a professional home security system. 11 What is the main idea of the passage? （ A） To tell us how to prevent the thefts around the holidays. （ B） To tell us to keep the outdoor lights on all the time. （ C） To tell us many families suffer from the thefts while they are on holiday. （ D） To tell
26、 you to have your neighbor go to your house to take care of your pet. 12 If you are on holiday in other places, the lights in your house should ._. （ A） be lit in an irregular way （ B） be kept on all the night （ C） be replaced by random timers （ D） be turned on only once one day 13 To make your home
27、 well protected, what does the writer advise you to do? （ A） Have all the curtains closed. （ B） Stop your mail service at once. （ C） Turn to your close neighbors or friends. （ D） Equip your home with security system. 14 Most of the tips mentioned in the text seem to_. （ A） be very popular with famil
28、ies （ B） have no effect on preventing thefts （ C） give a false impression on thefts （ D） be a little hard to be brought into effect 15 The underlined word “deter“ probably means “_“. （ A） discover （ B） discourage （ C） surprise （ D） attract 15 An industrial society, especially one as centralised and
29、concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services, for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, the harbours. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central
30、computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger. It is this interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countri
31、es economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labour force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britains unions have te
32、nded to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement of procedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve. There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement,
33、some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which means that differ
34、ent levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies, unions fight for their members disappearing jobs to the point where the jobs of other unions members are threatened or destr
35、oyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs. Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very lar
36、ge unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union. Some trade union officials have to be reelected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed, for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of “shop stewards“ in many unions,
37、 “shop stewards“ are workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level. 16 The trade union power is important in Britain because_. （ A） the economy is very interdependent （ B） unions have been established a long time （ C） there are more unions in Britain than elsewh
38、ere （ D） there are few essential services 17 Why is it difficult to improve the procedures for fixing wage levels? （ A） Some industries have no unions. （ B） Unions are not organized according to industries. （ C） Only 55 percent of workers belong to unions. （ D） Some unions are too powerful. 18 Becau
39、se of their out-of-date organization some unions find it difficult to_. （ A） change as industries change （ B） get new members to join （ C） launch movements with ease. （ D） bargain for high enough wages 19 Disagreements arise between unions because_. （ A） some unions try to win over members of other
40、unions （ B） some unions ignore agreements （ C） there are different levels of wages from union to union （ D） some unions take over other union s jobs 20 What basic problem are we told most trade unions face? （ A） They are not equal in size or influence. （ B） They are not organized efficiently. （ C） T
41、hey is lack of internal communication. （ D） They do not have enough members. 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 45答案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。短文第二段指出 consumers realized that some companies madefalse claims and exploited the movement，即很多公司都利用环保运动发布虚假声明。由此可知，早期的绿色广告都具有欺骗性。故选项 D正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 2
42、【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。短文第二段指出 Consumers grew wary of environmental appeals,andadvertisers reacted by reducing its emphasis由此可推断出这种广告商一直过分强调绿色广告，消费者开始厌烦，并对此变得小心谨慎。故选项 D正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推断题。根据短文第二段中的 many companies waited for state and federalgovernments to define terms and provide lega
43、l guidelines， which paved the road to asecond wave可以看出各公司都在等待州政府和联邦政府制定出各项法规来指导绿色营销。因此绿色广告开始变得规范起来。故选项 B正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 4 【正 确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。短文最后一句指出 weve now entered green advertisings third wave,where environmental concern is now part of the mainstream故可知正确答案为 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 短文
44、指出 According to the states court “California seekswith minimalenvironmental attributes ”随后Texas,Massachusetts,Minnesota,Tennessee,Connecticut， and Washington也争相效仿。所以可知 California takes the lead inenvironmentalattributes 故选项 C正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。文章第一段首先说了，价格不仅仅决定了资源如何被使用
45、，还是产品与服务在买主中得到 配给的方式。接着用美国的价格体系举例来说明问题，故此题答案为 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 7 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 主旨题。文章主要介绍了什么是价格，价格包括哪些方面，并提出买主和卖主都要认清价格所包含的所有方面，以便更好地估算出价，故该篇文章主要是说明什么是价格的，故答案为 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。根据文章第一段 They are also the means by which productsand services that are in limited supply are rationed a
46、mong buyers价格主要与产品和服务相关，故答案为 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 9 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句可知 A、 B、 C三项均包括，文章提到 guarantees on the product or service而非 guarantees on safety，故此题答案为 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 10 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。 由题干定位到 in order that they may evaluate a given price，联系整句话意思可知，只有熟知了产品价格所有的组成部分，买主和卖主才能估算出价，故此题
47、答案为 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 11 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 主旨题。文章最后一段第一句点明文章主旨。 This article just has suggesteda few tips to help you keep your house safe while you are on holiday意为：这篇文章是给人们提几点建议，帮助你在外出度假时保证房子的安全。故选A。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。根据短文第三段第一句 Set several difierent lights in your house on
48、random timers可知选项 A为正确答案。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 13 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。短文最后一句指出 Nothing can truly protect your home unless youhave it monitored by a professional home security system即没有什么能完全真正的保护你的房子，除非你安装一个专业的房屋安全系统。由此可知，答案为 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 14 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推断题。根据文中描述可知，作者提出的大多数建议都是用来蒙蔽小偷的，让小偷认为家里有人。故答案为 C。
49、 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 15 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 词汇题 。由题干可定位至倒数第二段第二句 This is effective to deterpossible thefts， as no one can see what is in your house联系上下文并分析语义可知当你不在家的时候拉上所有的窗帘。这个办法会打消小偷的念头，因为没人会看到你房子里的情况。故选 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 16 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。由文章第一段第一句 An industrial society especially one ascentralised and concentrated as that of Britain， is heavily dependent on certainessential services 以及第二段首句可知，英国的工会力量巨大是由于经济对某些基本服务的依赖，故答案为 A。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 17 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。由文章第二段最后一句话 For historical reasons Britainsunio
