1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 167及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 All of us have studied English for at least several years. But have you ever thought about the question: Why Do You Study English? Whats the use of it? Write a short essay to answer this question in more than 120 words. 1英语是一种交流工具 2英语已成为一种世界性语言 3
2、我们希望与外界交流 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given
3、in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Skys Limit Air travel is a rapidly growing source of greenhouse gases. But it is also an indispensable way of travel. The new A380 Th
4、e double-decker A380, the biggest airliner the world has seen, landed at Heathrow last month to test whether Londons main airport could handle the new 550-seater, due to enter commercial service at the end of this year. It was a proud moment for Britains Rolls-Royce, the makers of the aircrafts Tren
5、t 900 engines. Rolls-Royce says the four Trents on the A380 are as clean and efficient as any jet engine, and produce “as much power as 3,500 family cars“. A simple calculation shows that the equivalent of more than six cars is needed to fly each passenger. Take the calculation further: flying a ful
6、ly laden A380 is, in terms of energy, like a 14km (nine-mile) queue of traffic on the road below. And that is just one aircraft. In 20 years, Airbus reckons, 1,500 such planes will be in the air. By then, the total number of airliners is expected to have doubled, to 22,000. The huge airplane alone w
7、ould be pumping out carbon dioxide (CO2) at the same rate as 5 million cars. That may not seem much compared with the 60 million vehicles that pour off assembly lines every year or the 1 billion vehicles already on the worlds roads. But whereas cars are used roughly for about an hour or so a day, je
8、t airliners are on the move for at least 10 hours a day. And they burn tax-free, highoctane (高能量的 ) fuel, which dumps hundreds of millions of tonnes of CO2 into the most sensitive part of the atmosphere. Aviation is a relatively small source of the emissions blamed for global warming, but its share
9、is growing the fastest. The evidence is strong. As a result, aviation is increasingly attracting the attention of environmentalists and politicians. Amid much controversy, CO2caps (最高限制 ) and carbon-trading could soon be used to help curb aircraft emissions. Frequent flyers, free riders Airlines are
10、 accused of having a free ride in terms of air pollution because they pay no tax on the fuel they use for international flights. Even though todays aircraft are about 70% more efficient than those of 40 years ago, concerns over emissions have grown. Despite booming demand for air travel, many airlin
11、es are losing money. Now green campaigners want people to think twice before they fly. The opposing voice is particularly loud in Europe, where low-cost carriers are expanding fast on busy shorthaul (短距离 ) routes. The European Parliament will vote in July on a proposal to limit aircraft emissions. A
12、merica is deeply unhappy at the prospect of its airlines being affected. Sharon Pinkerton, a senior representative of the Federal Aviation Administration insisted, on a visit to Brussels last year, that American carriers should be exempted from the scheme. This sets the scene for another transatlant
13、ic aviation dispute, to add to the two bitter and long-running disputes over subsidies to Europes Airbus and the liberalisation of air traffic between the two continents. The airlines are growing nervous. The big international carriers represented by the International Air Transport Association (IATA
14、) would rather Europe waited for the deliberations of a United Nations body, the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), which has set technical, legal and safety rules for more than 50 years. International aviation was excluded from the Kyoto protocol on global warming, but only on condit
15、ion that, by the end of 2007, countries and airlines worked under the umbrella of ICAO to come up with a way of reducing emissions through a trading scheme. Soon after the end of the second world war the member governments of ICAO agreed that airlines should be free of fuel taxes. Some say this was
16、to outlaw unilateral taxes that could distort markets, but others reckon it was done to boost the fledgling airline industry emerging from the fighting. The corollary was that aviation, unlike motor traffic and other forms of transport, would pay in a transparent manner for the infrastructure and se
17、rvices it required-air-traffic management, landing charges, flyover rights and so on. That was supposed to take care of the external costs. But no one in those days thought much about the environment. Counting the cost It was not until 1999 that the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
18、Change (IPCC) attempted to reduce the effect of aviation on the environment. Transport as a whole was judged to be responsible for about a quarter of the worlds CO2 discharges. That makes it one of the biggest sources, alongside power generation and households, as a source of the gas. Within transpo
19、rt, aviation accounts for about 13%. Its contribution to total man-made emissions worldwide is said to be around 3%. So why all the fuss about so little? One reason is that high-altitude emissions are probably disproportionately damaging to the environment. The nitrogen oxides from jet-engine exhaus
20、ts lead to the formation of ozone, another greenhouse gas. Contrails (飞 行云 ) are also suspected of enhancing the formation of cirrus clouds, which some scientists think adds to the global warming effect. The IPCC estimated that the overall impact on global warming of aircraft could be between two an
21、d four times that of their CO2 emissions alone, though there is no scientific consensus about the size of this multiplier. Naturally, the airlines choose to measure the greenhouse gases they produce in the way that casts them in the best light a trick they deploy on safety statistics, too. For insta
22、nce, over half of aircraft accidents occur around take-off and landing. So accidents per passenger-mile compare very favourably with other means of transport. But at least one study has shown that, if accidents are measured per journey instead, aircraft are the second-most dangerous way of travellin
23、g, after motorcycles. Likewise on greenhouse gases. IATA says an aircrafts fuel consumption is about the same as that of a family car, at 3.5 litres per 100 passenger-kilometres. So CO2 emissions are similar. But that is true only if the aircraft is full and the cars passenger seats are empty. And e
24、ven then, a jumbo jet flying from London to Sydney would be like nearly 400 Volkswagen Polos each travelling just over 16,000km the average distance a European drives in a year. In other words, although cars and aircraft discharge roughly the same amount of CO2for each passenger-kilometre, the aircr
25、aft travel an awful lot farther. Waiting to land Crowded airports compound the problem. Busy runways at places such as Heathrow mean aeroplanes have to circle wastefully. The possibility of being held up ensures that pilots carry extra fuel, thereby increasing the aircrafts weight and, hence, its co
26、nsumption of fuel. Other small changes could further save fuel and avoid carbon emissions: aircraft could be towed everywhere on the ground by electric vehicles. Consumers, too, can take a stand by voluntarily offsetting the carbon emissions associated with flying by paying, for instance, to have tr
27、ees planted. This week IATA said the net loss of the worlds airlines in the past six years would amount to almost $44 billion. Carriers have been hit by terrorism, war, recession, the respiratory disease SAILS and soaring oil prices. There were hopes the industry could make a small profit in 2007, b
28、ut having to pay for environmental costs could change that. Yet global warming is not something that airlines, or any other industry, can shake off for ever. Sooner or later, aviation will have to shoulder the burden it imposes on the planet. 2 This passage is mainly about how the development of air
29、line industry has affected the environment through its greenhouse gases emission. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 It is predicted that in 20 years, the huge airplanes alone would be pumping out carbon dioxide at the same rate as 5 million cars. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The author compares the effect of airli
30、ners on the environment and that of the cars and concluded that the effect of the former is less because the number of airplanes is much smaller than that of the cars （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 In the past, aviation industry was the smallest source of greenhouse gases emission and thus did not attract
31、peoples attention. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Many airlines are having less profit today although there are more demand for air travel. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 America is proposing an alternative plan to solve the problem of emission from airliners. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 The airlines are mom and more
32、 nervous, and they want the problem be considered by IATA, a United Nations body. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 _as a whole was judged to be responsible for about a quarter of the worlds carbon dioxide discharges. 10 Although aviation accounts for only 3% of the total man-made emission, its_ are believed
33、to be disproportionately damaging to the environment. 11 During the past six years, airline industry has been hit by terrorism, war, _which made the industry suffer a total loss of $44 billion. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At th
34、e end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer
35、. （ A） To tell the woman something about the car. （ B） To look for his wife. （ C） To show the woman his wifes car. （ D） To ask his wife to answer the phone. （ A） Childrens health. （ B） Social manners. （ C） Money. （ D） Old peoples health. （ A） New York. （ B） Boston. （ C） Michigan. （ D） Washington. （
36、A） He enjoys playing chess. （ B） He hates playing chess. （ C） He cant play chess. （ D） He was not a good student. （ A） He cant find the tickets. （ B） He doesnt want to sit close to the stage. （ C） He would rather stand than sit down. （ D） He expects the hall to be crowded. （ A） To visit the Modern M
37、useum. （ B） To make a good plan. （ C） To visit museums. （ D） To visit a music school. （ A） Husband and wife. （ B） Doctor and patient. （ C） Teacher and student. （ D） Lawyer and client. （ A） At 5:00. （ B） At 5:30. （ C） At 4:30. （ D） At 4:00. （ A） Italy. （ B） England. （ C） Australia. （ D） Thailand. （ A
38、） The cost is low. （ B） She wants to study English. （ C） She wants to see kangaroos. （ D） She wants to enjoy the beautiful natural scenery there. （ A） Two weeks. （ B） Three weeks. （ C） Two months. （ D） Three months. （ A） After the victim is sent to hospital. （ B） After the causes of the victims suff
39、ering becomes clear. （ C） After the arrival of the ambulance. （ D） As soon as possible after the accident or illness. （ A） Relieve pain. （ B） Preserve life. （ C） Keep energy. （ D） Prevent further harm. （ A） Immediate action. （ B） Accurate diagnosis. （ C） Medical knowledge. （ D） Expert experience. （
40、A） How space station works. （ B） The differences between space and the earth. （ C） How can people build a space station. （ D） The reason why people want a space station. （ A） A taxi driver. （ B） A bus driver. （ C） A college student. （ D） A dustman. （ A） She is having a heart attack, （ B） She was hur
41、t in an accident. （ C） She is having a baby. （ D） She is suffering from a stroke, （ A） On the freeway. （ B） In the tunnel. （ C） In McDonalds. （ D） Downtown in traffic. （ A） To help the woman breath easier, （ B） To keep the woman calm and warm. （ C） To put something soft under the womans head. （ D） T
42、o drive the woman to the hospital at once. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the
43、 four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Nobody would take care of the city. （ B） There would be no schools. （ C） There would be no protection from crime. （ D） People would be very happy. （ A） Education. （ B） Public security. （ C） Administration. （ D） Transportation. Section C Directions: In this se
44、ction, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks
45、numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 32 A new book is sure to be discussed, and 【 B1】 _ , at colleges this fall. The book is called My Freshman Year: What a Professor Lea
46、rned by Becoming a Student. The writer is Rebekah Nathan. That is not her real name. She is in her fifties. She is a professor of 【 B2】 _ at a university in the United States. Her name for it is “Any U“. The professor wanted to know why many of her students did not 【 B3】 _ their work or ask for help
47、. She decided to do a 【 B4】 _ project. She got the 【 B5】_ of the university ethics 【 B6】 _ . Such groups consider moral and legal issues in studies. In the spring of 2002, she 【 B7】 _ to her own university under the name “Rebekah Nathan“ and was admitted. She lived in student housing. She took five
48、classes during her first term and two in the second 【 B8】 _ . She did pretty well, although she got one C, a mark of average. She also played sports. 【 B9】 _ 【 B10】 _ . They are busy with activities and jobs. They try to learn only as much as they have to. But she says they will read the material if
49、 it is directly linked to what is being discussed in class. 【 B11】 _ . She gives less reading now. She asks questions designed to get students to speak more. She offers help. And she says she is no longer offended if a student falls asleep. 33 【 B1】 34 【 B2】 35 【 B3】 36 【 B4】 37 【 B5】 38 【 B6】 39 【 B7】 40 【 B8】 41 【 B9】 42 【 B10】 43 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each
