1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to the president of your university. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline. 假设你是一个大学二 年级学生，学校向学生征求建议，你向校长写信提出两点建议： 1. 学校教学应该注重学生学习方法的培养。 2
2、. 学校应该丰富学生的校园的生活。 Some Suggestions to the President of Our University 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (
3、for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Labor Force The labor force is the part of a nations population that works fo
4、r pay or that is looking for a paying job. In 1800, the United States had about 2 million people in its labor force. Most of them worked on farms, most of whom were men. In 1993, about 130 million Americans were in the labor force. 96 million workers were found in large cities, 46 percent of whom we
5、re women. New Kinds of Jobs In the twentieth century, the U.S. labor force has undergone many changes. One of the most significant of these changes is in the decline in the number of blue-collar jobs and the rise in the number of white-collar jobs. A blue-collar job involves manual or outdoor labor.
6、 Blue-collar workers include factory assemblers and welders; carpenters, plumbers(水暖工 ), mechanics, and painters, construction workers, and truck drivers. Although the number of blue collar workers increased in the twentieth century, the future will see a declining need for such workers. Some of the
7、ir jobs will be taken over by advanced automated and computerized machinery that can do certain blue-collar jobs more quickly and efficiently than people can. In contrast, a white-collar job involves work that is not chiefly manual. For example, white collar workers include accountants, engineers, t
8、eachers, lawyers, and sales personnel. In 1900, white-collar workers made up about 20 percent of the labor force; today, 67 percent of all American wage earners hold white-collar jobs. Advances in computer technology have created many new white collar jobs, such as those in programming and informati
9、on processing. These changes will continue to dramatically change the nature of existing jobs. The Rise of Women in the Labor Force Until 1940, the opportunities for women to hold jobs were limited. Prejudice and discrimination(歧视 )against women forced many of them to find employment as teachers, nu
10、rses, and secretaries. In 1940, women held only 25 percent of the jobs. World War II 1941 through 1945 brought about many changes in the labor force. Men were drafted to serve in the armed forces of the United States. At the same time, the country needed labor to keep factories running at full produ
11、ction to support the war effort. As a result, women were suddenly needed and hired even though they had been previously excluded from such jobs. Women not only repaired airplanes and land vehicles, but they also drove trucks, operated radios and machinery, and did clerical work. During the war years
12、, the percentage of women in the labor force rose from 25 percent to 35 percent. Married women, many of whose husbands were in the armed forces, made up the greatest number of new women workers. In 1940, fewer than half of working women were single, but by 1945 a majority of women workers were marri
13、ed. By the end of the war, one out of every three workers in industry and business was a woman. The Postwar Years After the war, the men who returned from the armed forces went back to the same jobs they had held prior to the war. As a result, many women lost their wartime jobs. However, not all the
14、 women who had held jobs for the first time returned to their former roles as homemakers. Women had proved they could do these jobs well. As a result, the traditional barriers against the employment of women in such industries as steel and shipbuilding started to disappear, As the postwar prosperity
15、 continued, new positions became available for the returning men and for the many women workers now in the labor force. Many women found that they enjoyed not only employment outside their homes but also the benefits of paying jobs. Many women were beginning to see work as a permanent part of their
16、lives. By earning their own income, they became less dependent and more self-sufficient. Their independence gave them new choices and made them aware of a wider range of roles available to them. The economic prosperity that followed the war also enabled many young couples to purchase houses. Many be
17、gan raising families. Some women chose to stay at home to raise their children, while their husbands went to work. As a result, the percentage of women workers declined after the war, but it never went as low as it was in 1940. The 1960s to the 1990s The 1960s saw the beginning of many social change
18、s in the United States, some of which were brought about by the womens liberation movement. Many women became keenly aware that they were often paid less than men for doing the same kind of work and that they were not promoted as easily or quickly as men. They also found that discrimination in jobs
19、and in education still existed. As a result 0f womens protests, equal opportunity laws were passed that made discrimination against women in jobs and education illegal. This legislation opened up to women many business and professional positions that had previously been closed to them. The 1970s wer
20、e troubled by ongoing inflation. For many couples, the high standard of living combined with the high cost of living, made it necessary for both the husband and wife to hold paying jobs. The two-income family became a way of life that continues today. Many divorced, separated, or widowed women also
21、entered the labor force in the 1970s. The 1980s brought more changes. Many businesses were not able to survive the recession of that period. Many manufacturing industries, such as the auto, steel, textile, and clothing industries, suffered at the hands of increased competition from foreign countries
22、. As a result, many plants and factories closed; the number of available jobs sharply declined. Because of the recession more mothers of young children entered the labor force. In general, families in the 1970s, 80s, and 90s have had fewer children than families of earlier generations. There has the
23、refore been less need for women to stay at home for many years to care for young children, and more married women have been free to join the job market. Coupled with the trend toward two-income families, the labor force participation of married women with young children has risen dramatically since
24、the 1970s. About 19 percent of mothers with children below age 6 were employed in 1970. In 1993, about 60 percent were employed. A Changing Labor Force Shifts from blue-collar to white-collar jobs and the increase in the number of working women continue to affect the labor force. These trends are al
25、tering the relationship between workers and their work, and people require new skills and training in all fields of employment. Nevertheless, todays(1990s) workers-whether blue-collar or white-collar, male or female-earn higher wages, work shorter hours, and receive more extra benefits than workers
26、prior to the 1940s. 2 In 1993, women held 46 percent of the paying jobs in the United States. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 The application of advanced automated and computerized machinery Will result in loss of some blue-collar jobs. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 During World War I1, some jobs which previously
27、 excluded women were open to them. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 After the war, returned male workers were responsible for the total loss of womens jobs. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Few women realized they suffered inequality in jobs and education in the 1960s. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 As the children grew up,
28、 most of the mothers entered the labor force again in the 1970s. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 The passage mainly illustrates trends in the US labor force during 1940s and 1990s. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 In the 1970s, the high standard and cost of living contributed to the emergence of _. 10 In 1980s, many
29、 manufacturing industries were increasingly confronted with _. 11 Compared with the workers before 1940s, workers in the 1990s earn more, work shorter hours, and are given _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conve
30、rsation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Bob will pro
31、bably remain angry until the man apologizes. （ B） Bob might not be really angry with the man. （ C） Bob has also been mad at her recently. （ D） The man should ask Bob to apologize. （ A） It may not be warm enough. （ B） The woman can wear it all winter. （ C） It will not fit if the woman loses weight. （
32、 D） The woman may have trouble paying for it. （ A） The doctor is not in until late the next morning. （ B） If he wants the best doctor than he should try Dr. Noon. （ C） If he wants a suitable doctor he should wait until 12 oclock. （ D） The doctor who usually handles these things is not in usually in
33、the mornings. （ A） Hes not sure he wants to go to the party. （ B） He just returned from a visit to the Andersons. （ C） He may not be able to give the woman a ride. （ D） He will give the woman a ride if he was also invited to the party. （ A） He knows who the wallet belongs to. （ B） He can call the ow
34、ner from his house. （ C） Some member of his family lost the wallet. （ D） The woman should keep the wallet at his house. （ A） At a tailors. （ B） At a butchers. （ C） At a hairdressers. （ D） At a photographers. （ A） Business courses have become popular. （ B） The school only offers business courses. （ C
35、） The business school has a new program. （ D） The school has just started to offer business courses. （ A） Hes not a very good chess player. （ B） The woman should join the chess club. （ C） The woman needs a lot of time to play chess. （ D） Hes willing to teach the woman how to play chess. （ A） A stand
36、ard unit for measuring weight. （ B） How to care for precious metals. （ C） The value of precious metals. （ D） Using the metric system. （ A） To measure amounts of rainfall. （ B） To check the accuracy of scales. （ C） To observe changes in the atmosphere. （ D） To calculate the density of other metals. （
37、 A） It is too high for such a light weight. （ B） It is difficult to judge the value of such an object. （ C） It is a small amount to pay for so much precious metal. （ D） It is reasonable for an object with such an important function. （ A） Two hundred dollars. （ B） Three hundred dollars. （ C） Two thou
38、sand dollars. （ D） Three thousand dollars. （ A） To buy some national debt. （ B） To open a savings account. （ C） To ask the interest rate. （ D） To withdraw some money. （ A） He has to use a password. （ B） He has to show his ID card. （ C） He only needs to fill out a withdrawal form. （ D） He needs to fi
39、ll out a withdrawal form and hand in the check book. （ A） Both time deposit and current deposit have the same interest rate. （ B） The interest rate is high for current deposit. （ C） The interest rate is low for time deposit. （ D） The interest rate varies with different kinds of deposit. Section B Di
40、rections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Everyone under
41、stands Einsteins theory today. （ B） Einstein achieved more than any other scientists in history. （ C） The Theory of Relativity can be quickly learned by everyone. （ D） Our ideas about the universe are different today because of Einstein. （ A） Einstein was a famous chemist. （ B） Einstein was popular
42、in America. （ C） Einstein headed a research institute. （ D） Einstein enjoyed reading about war. （ A） Germans usually have a high respect for science. （ B） Einstein was forced to serve in the German army. （ C） Albert Einstein had no other interests besides science. （ D） Einsteins reputation was ruine
43、d because of his work during World War I. （ A） Helping the needy to survive. （ B） Sharing risks of possible losses. （ C） Being compulsory in most countries. （ D） Covering differently according to different situations. （ A） To tell us that accidents may take place at any time. （ B） To prove that buyi
44、ng insurance is a wasted investment. （ C） To prove that it is wise to spend money on insurance. （ D） To tell us that the sense of security is very important in driving. （ A） Car, retirement and life insurance. （ B） Business, poverty and health insurance. （ C） Unemployment, home and life insurance. （
45、 D） Possessions, disability and health insurance. （ A） You can sleep in it. （ B） Its safer than trains. （ C） Its fast and comfortable. （ D） You can see more of the country. （ A） Americans like greyhounds. （ B） The buses go to the country. （ C） The buses are as fast as greyhounds. （ D） Theres a pictu
46、re of a greyhound on the bus. （ A） They dont like buses. （ B） They are always in a hurry. （ C） They think planes more safe. （ D） They find trains too crowded. （ A） Any road without traffic lights. （ B） Any highway without crossroad. （ C） Its a road where the drivers do not pay. （ D） Its a highway no
47、t controlled by the government. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered fro
48、m 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long b
49、een a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be 【 B1】 _ and the good land worked 【 B2】 _. Thus, each person produces less and this means a 【 B3】_ average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more 【 B4】 _ for specialization and the development of 【 B5】 _ such as ports, roads and rail ways, which are
