1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 436及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below： 1. 大学生使用手机增多及其原因 2大学生使用手机所带来的问题 3你自己的观点 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the
2、 passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given
3、in the passage. 1 Exchange Rates： A Brief History of Exchange Rates For centuries， the currencies of the world were backed by gold That is， a piece of paper currency issued by any world government represented a real amount of gold held in a vault by that government In the 1930s， the U.S.set the valu
4、e of the dollar at 8 single， unchanging level： l ounce of gold was worth $35 After World War II， other countries based the value of their currencies on the U.S.dollar Since everyone knew how much gold a U.S.dollar was worth， then the value of any other currency against the dollar could be based on i
5、ts value in gold A currency worth twice as much gold as a U.S.dollar was， therefore， also worth two U.S.dollars Unfortunately， the real world of economics outpaced this system The U.S.dollar suffered from inflation(its value relative to the goods it could purchase decreased)，while other currencies b
6、ecame more valuable and more stable Finally， in 1971， the U.S.took away the gold standard altogether This meant that the dollar no longer represented an actual amount of a precious substance-market forces alone determined its value Today， the U.S.dollar still dominates many financial markets In fact
7、， exchange rates are often expressed in terms of U.S.dollars Currently， the U.S.dollar and the euro account for approximately 50 percent of all currency exchange transactions in the world Adding British pounds， Canadian dollars， Australian dollars， and Japanese yen to the list accounts for over 80 p
8、ercent of currency exchanges altogether Methods of Exchange： the Floating Exchange Rate There are two main systems used to determine a currencys exchange rate： floating currency and pegged currency The market determines a floating exchange rate In other words， a currency is worth whatever buyers are
9、 willing to pay for it This is determined by supply and demand， which is in turn driven by foreign investment，import/export ratios， inflation， and a host of other economic factors Generally， countries with mature， stable economic markets will use a floating system Virtually every major nation uses t
10、his system， including the U.S.， Canada and Great Britain Floating exchange rates are considered more efficient， because the market will automatically correct the rate to reflect inflation and other economic forces The floating system isnt perfect， though If a countrys economy suffers from instabilit
11、y， a floating system will discourage investment Investors could fall victim to wild swings in the exchange rates， as well as disastrous inflation Methods of Exchange： the Pegged Exchange Rate A pegged， or fixed system， is one in which the exchange rate is set and artificially maintained by the gover
12、nment The rate will be pegged to some other countrys dollar，usually the U.S.dollar The rate will not fluctuate from day to day A government has to work to keep their pegged rate stable Their national bank must hold large reserves of foreign currency to mitigate changes in supply and demand If a sudd
13、en demand for a currency was to drive up the exchange rate， the national bank would have to release enough of that currency into the market to meet the demand They can also buy up currency if low demand is lowering exchange rates Countries that have immature， potentially unstable economies usually u
14、se a pegged system Developing nations can use this system to prevent out-of-control inflation The system can backfire， however， if the real world market value of the currency is not reflected by the pegged rate In that case， a black market may spring up， where the currency will be traded at its mark
15、et value， disregarding the governments peg When people realize that their currency isnt worth as much as the pegged rate indicates， they may rush to exchange their money for other， more stable currencies This can lead to economic disaster， since the sudden flood of currency in world markets drives t
16、he exchange rate very low So if a country doesnt take good care of their pegged rate， they may find themselves with worthless currency Methods of Exchange： Hybrids In reality， few exchange rate systems are 100 percent floating， or 100 percent pegged.Countries using a pegged rate can avoid market pan
17、ics and inflationary disasters by using a floating peg They peg their rate to the U.S.dollar， and that rate doesnt fluctuate from day to day However， the government periodically reviews their peg，and makes minor adjustments to keep it in line with the true market value。 Floating systems arent really
18、 left to the mercy of market forces，either Governments using floating exchange rates make changes to their national economic policy that can affect exchange rates， directly or indirectly。 Tax cuts，changes to the national interest rate， and import tariffs can all change the value of a nations currenc
19、y， even though the value technically floats The Euro On January 1， 2002， the euro became the single currency of 12 member states of the European Union-making it the second largest currency in the world(the U.S.dollar being the largest) This was， to date， the largest currency event in the history of
20、the world；twelve national currencies completely disappeared and were replaced by the euro。 Although the euro is fundamentally a tool to enhance political solidarity， it also has the economic effect of unifying the economies of participating countries Some of the euros advantages， in regard to econom
21、ics， include： Elimination of exchange-rate fluctuations-the euro eliminates the fluctuations of currency values across certain borders Transaction costs-tourists and others who cross several borders during the course of a trip had to exchange their money as they entered each new country。 The costs o
22、f MI of these exchanges added up significantly With the euro， no exchanges are necessary within the Euroland countries Increased trade across borders-the price transparency， elimination of exchange-rate fluctuations， and the elimination of exchange-transaction costs all contribute to an increase in
23、trade across borders of all the Euroland countries。 Increased cross-border employment-with a single currency， it is less cumbersome for people to cross into the next country to work， because their salary is paid in the same currency they use in their own country 2 _， other countries based the value
24、of their currencies on the U.S.dollar. （ A） After World War I （ B） After World Wat II （ C） In 1930s （ D） In 1960s 3 The abolition of the gold standard in U.S.was resulted from_。 （ A） the decline of the purchasing power of the U.S.dollar （ B） policy of deflation （ C） the decreased value of gold （ D）
25、the Depression 4 The use of a floating system of foreign exchange is usually supported_ （ A） by a mature， potentially unstable economy （ B） by a immature but stable economy （ C） by a mature and stable economy （ D） by a immature， potentially unstable economy 5 According to the author， a pegged system
26、 of foreign exchange_ （ A） is efficient （ B） is better than a floating system （ C） does change from day to day （ D） does not fluctuate from day to day 6 In a fixed system， the government must_if there is a sudden demand for one currency to keep the system stable （ A） sell enough of that currency int
27、o the market （ B） buy up that currency in the market （ C） discourage investment （ D） hold large reserves of that currency 7 In a country adopting a floating system， the government_ （ A） would refrain from intervening in the foreign exchange market （ B） should make changes to their national economic
28、policy that can affect exchange rates （ C） should use a floating peg to avoid market panics and inflationary disasters （ D） should let the market decide the exchange rate 8 On January 1， 2002， the euro became_ （ A） the largest currency in the world （ B） the currency replacing the U.S.dollar （ C） the
29、 single currency of the European Union （ D） the currency of the whole world 9 The two most dominant currencies are_ 10 Though the euro has the economic effect of unifying the economies in most European countries， it is fundamentally a tool to_ 11 The advantages of the euro include elimination of exc
30、hange-rate fluctuations，transaction costs， increased trade across borders， and_ Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the
31、 questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She knows the guy who will give the lecture. （ B） She thinks the lecture might be informative. （ C） She wan
32、ts to add something to her lecture. （ D） Shell finish her report this weekend. （ A） An art museum. （ B） A beautiful park. （ C） A college campus. （ D） An architectural exhibition. （ A） The houses for sale are of poor quality. （ B） The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy. （ C） The housing d
33、evelopers provide free trips for potential buyers. （ D） The man is unwilling to take a look at the houses for sale. （ A） Talking about sports. （ B） Writing up local news. （ C） Reading newspapers. （ D） Putting up advertisements. （ A） She sold all her furniture before she moved house. （ B） She still k
34、eeps some old furniture in her new house. （ C） She plans to put all her old furniture in the basement. （ D） She bought a new set of furniture from Italy last month. （ A） He is taking care of his twin brother. （ B） He is worried about Rods health. （ C） He has been feeling ill all week. （ D） He has be
35、en in perfect condition. （ A） Have a short break. （ B） Take two weeks off. （ C） Continue her work outdoors. （ D） Go on vacation with the man. （ A） Teaching her son by herself. （ B） Having confidence in her son. （ C） Asking the teacher for extra help. （ D） Telling her son not to worry. （ A） Take the
36、dog for some exercise with a Frisbee. （ B） Feed him an afternoon doggie treat for a snack. （ C） Let the dog watch a program on television. （ D） Put out some soft classical music for the dog. （ A） The snake appears to be fond of the woman. （ B） The snake doesnt care for woman at all. （ C） The snake i
37、s extremely shy of woman. （ D） The snake is indifferent to the woman. （ A） The man should seek someone who is well-trained with animals. （ B） The man should take his animals to the zoo for special care. （ C） The woman agrees to watch them for a lot of extra money. （ D） The man should give up raising
38、 the animals. （ A） 3-6 months of monthly salary （ B） 13% of their monthly salary （ C） 10 dollars a week （ D） 36% of their monthly salary （ A） They do not think $10 is a large sum of money. （ B） They sacrifice movie, beer for hank deposit. （ C） They seldom have fixed deposit. （ D） They tend to live f
39、rom paycheck to paycheck. （ A） Take more education and make yourself promoted quickly. （ B） When you get your paycheck, save some portion of it. （ C） Lend money from bank when you want to prepare for the future. （ D） Accumulate money by all means. （ A） It includes a washer and dryer. （ B） The apartm
40、ent is partially furnished. （ C） The rent is over $ 900 a month. （ D） Gas and electricity are included in the rent. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only
41、once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. 27 What does the speaker say about the Red Cross? （ A） It is an international organization. （ B） It only exists in poor countries. （ C） People always think highly of it. （ D） Anyone can join
42、the group easily. 28 What was Jean Henri Dunants purpose to set up the organization? （ A） To try to stop the war in Italy. （ B） To help the wounded in the battle. （ C） To form an international treaty. （ D） To aid the injured in the earthquake. 29 According to the speaker,what service does the Red Cr
43、oss provide? （ A） Protecting the prisoners of war. （ B） Teaching first aid to the public. （ C） Raising money for public fund. （ D） Publicizing the idea of charity. 30 What does the speaker say about the conrses? （ A） They are offered for those with an interest in the courses. （ B） Employers and empl
44、oyees in a company are both welcome. （ C） People who will retire in a few years are the target students. （ D） Students from a normal university can attend the courses. 31 What kind of students can get a reduction for the course? （ A） Specialist speakers. （ B） Retired people. （ C） Employers. （ D） Sen
45、ior citizens. 32 What does the speaker say about the members of senior citizensclub? （ A） They can attend any courses for free. （ B） They arrange discussion groups for people. （ C） They learn how to communicate with others. （ D） They want to be carpenters or craftsmen. 33 What does the growing body
46、of evidence show? （ A） Most of the people want to do meaningful work. （ B） A majority of workers are doing meaningful work. （ C） Happy workers can always find a well-paid job. （ D） Meaningful workers are happy and better workers. 34 What message does the speaker try to convey in this passage? （ A） O
47、ne can improve listening by watching movies. （ B） Everybody wants to improve listening nowadays. （ C） There is a good way to memorize vocabularies. （ D） One needs to work hard to improve English. 35 What is the next step of improving oneS listening by watching movies? （ A） Watch the film two more ti
48、mes. （ B） Memorize the scenes and stories. （ C） Listen to the film instead of watching it. （ D） Repeat what the characters say in the film. 36 What is the speakers last suggestion of improving ones listening? （ A） Choose ones favorite film. （ B） Memorize all the dialogues. （ C） Go to a movie theater
49、. （ D） Practice with a friend. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. F
