1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 57 及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a notice to find a foreign travel-mate. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 假期即将来到，你打算做一次为期三周的 旅行，希望找个外国朋友作为游伴，拟一篇寻游伴的启事。启事须包括以下几点： 1. 交待日程安排 2. 费
2、用情况以及对对方的要求 3. 你的联系方式 Travel-mate Wanted 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agr
3、ees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Acetaminophen(乙酰氨基酚 ), the Unawared Poisoning Despite more than a decades worth of research showing that t
4、aking too much of a popular pain reliever can ruin the liver, the number of severe, unintentional poisonings from the drug is on the rise, a new study reports. The drug, acetaminophen, is best known under the brand name Tylenol. But many consumers dont realize that it is also found in widely varying
5、 doses in several hundred common cold remedies and combination pain relievers. The authors of the study, which is appearing in the December issue of Hepatology(肝病学 ), say the combination of acetaminophen can make it too easy for some patients to swallow much more than the maximum recommended dose ca
6、relessly. “Its extremely frustrating to see people come into the hospital who felt fine several days ago, but now need a new liver,“ said Dr. Tim Davern, one of the authors and a doctor with the liver transplant program of the University of California at San Francisco. “Most of them had no idea that
7、 what they were taking could have that sort of effect.“ The numbers of poisonings, however, are still tiny in comparison with the millions of people who use overthe-counter and doctor prescription drugs with acetaminophen. Cases of Acetaminophen Poisoning Dr. Davern and a team of colleagues from oth
8、er centers led by Dr. Anne Larson at the University of Washington Medical Center in Seattle, tracked the 662 consecutive patients who showed up with acute liver failure at 23 transplant centers across the United States from 1998 to 2003. Acetaminophen poisoning was to blame in nearly half the patien
9、ts, the scientists found. The proportion of cases linked to the drug rose to 51 percent in 2003 from 28 percent in 1998. Not all the poisonings were accidental. An estimated 44 percent were suicide attempts by people who swallowed fistfuls of pills. “Its a horrible way to die,“ Dr. Davern said, addi
10、ng that patients who survive sometimes suffer profound brain damage. But in at least another 48 percent of the cases studied, the liver failed after a smaller, unintentional attack by the drug over several days. “I see some young women who have been suffering flu like symptoms for the better part of
11、 a week, and not eating much.“ Dr. Davern said. “They start with Tylenol, and maybe odd an over-the-counter flu medicine on top of that, and pretty soon theyve been taking maybe six grams of acetaminophen a day for a number of days. In rare cases that can be enough to throw them into liver failure.“
12、 The Labeling Must Be Improved Each Extra Strength Tylenol tablet contains half a gram, or 500 milligrams, of acetaminophen. One dose of Tylenol Cold and Flu Severe contains 1,000 milligrams. The recommended maximum daily dose for adults is 4 grams, or 4,000 milligrams. “Part of the problem is that
13、the labeling on many of these drugs is still far from satisfactory,“ said Dr. William Lee, a liver specialist at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, who for years has been lobbying the Food and Drug Administration to make manufacturers put “acetaminophen“ in large letters
14、on the front of any package that contains it, so that as they reach for the bottle, patients will be more likely to pause and keep track of exactly how much they are swallowing. Some companies have voluntarily added new warnings about acetaminophens risk to the liver, and they should be given credit
15、 for that, said Dr. Charles Ganley, director of the F.D.As Office of Nonprescription Products. “But labeling isnt where I would like it to be.“ Dr. Ganley added. Dr. Lee said he was disturbed by a pattern: “that acetaminophen is always billed as the one to reach to for safety, probably even more so
16、now, with other pain relievers pulled from the market.“ Safe Use of Acetaminophen In fact, the drug, when given in precise, appropriate doses is safer for children and teenagers than aspirin, which can interact with a viral infection to bring on rare but serious damage to the brain, liver and other
17、organs in a series of symptoms known as Reyes syndrome. And among adults, low doses of acetaminophen are less likely than aspirin to eat away at the stomach, worsen bleeding or harm the kidneys. Even patients with chronic liver disease are justly advised to take acetaminophen for the occasional feve
18、r, or a back injury or other illness, if they keep the total daily dose under about two grams, Dr. Lee said. Experts agree that a vast majority of people can safely take the 4 gram daily maximum that labels recommend for adultsthe equivalent of eight Extra Strength Tylenol spread across 24 hoursand
19、some people swallow much more without harm. But by eight grams in a single day, a significant number of people whose livers have been stressed by a virus, medication, alcohol or other factors would run into serious trouble, Dr. Lee said. Without intervention, about half the people who swallowed a si
20、ngle dose of 12 to 15 grams could die. How much alcohol over what time period is problematic? Recent research suggests the answer isnt simple. The package labels now warn anyone who drinks three or more drinks everyday to consult a doctor before taking acetaminophen, but Dr. Lee thinks that people w
21、ho are serf-controlled during the week but binge(饮酒作乐 ) on weekends may be dangerous, too. “Everyone really needs to be more aware.“ The experts say, “Otherwise, the pain reliever might be a killer.“ 2 Acetaminophen, normally known as its brand name Tylenol might be poisonous if people take more tha
22、n necessary doses. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 A new report says that the number of unintentional poisoning cases of Tylenol is increasing. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The drug of acetaminophen is only found in the widely varying doses of several hundred pain relievers. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The acetamino
23、phen poisoning caused more than haft of the acute liver failure eases in the US from 19982003. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The people who survived from suicide attempts would definitely suffer brain damage due to acetaminophen poisoning. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Based on the contents of acetaminophen in
24、Tylenol Cold and Flu Severe, the maximum daily doses of the medicine for an adult is 4 grams. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 The American Food and Drug Administration has not yet made any rulings on how to label the medicine which contains acetaminophen. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Generally speaking, for most
25、 of the ordinary grown-up people, the safe dose of acetaminophen is_. 10 A single dose that will be considered life threatening is _. 11 According to the package label, such person is requested to seek medical advice before taking the medicine who drinks_. Section A Directions: In this section, you
26、will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four ch
27、oices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Because it is very beautiful there. （ B） Because there is a flower show there. （ C） Because it is more quiet and peaceful there. （ D） Because no one can hear them talking there. （ A） The man thinks the wanton is tired. （ B） The wo
28、man thinks the man is tired. （ C） The man is tired. （ D） They are tired. （ A） Mike should stay in the country for another year. （ B） Mike shouldnt stay in this country for another year. （ C） Mike should return home now. （ D） Mike should leave home right now. （ A） She must learn to understand Johns h
29、umor better. （ B） She enjoys Johns humor a great deal. （ C） She doesnt appreciate Johns humor. （ D） She thinks John is not funny enough. （ A） Kitty should tell them why she was late. （ B） The man agreed with the woman about the heavy traffic. （ C） Kitty was held up by traffic. （ D） Kitty was not goi
30、ng to come next time. （ A） Stay in the dormitory. （ B） Find out the cost of living in the dormitory. （ C） Ask for a reduction in his rent. （ D） Move into an apartment with a roommate. （ A） She will see her friends. （ B） She will go to the bank. （ C） She will attend a concert. （ D） She will watch a m
31、ovie. （ A） He has two-day weekends. （ B） He has two free days for every three days he works. （ C） He works three nights every two weeks. （ D） He has twice as much work as he used to have. （ A） Listening to music. （ B） Surfing the internet. （ C） Watching TV. （ D） Taking a bath. （ A） He takes medicine
32、. （ B） He goes dancing everyday. （ C） He goes to bars to relax himself. （ D） He drinks alcohol. （ A） To watch TV. （ B） To read interesting stories. （ C） To talk with her friends. （ D） To consult the doctor. （ A） Different countries. （ B） Income, race and age. （ C） Americans. （ D） Both men and women
33、who are interested in lt. （ A） Most African Americans belong to lower wage groups. （ B） Asian Americans belong to a higher income group than white Americans. （ C） All the local Americans belong to the highest income group. （ D） Hispanic Americans earn more than African Americans. （ A） Technology sit
34、e. （ B） Medical care site. （ C） Financial site. （ D） Ethnic problents site. （ A） Buy a computer. （ B） Go online. （ C） Study the income gap among different ethnic groups. （ D） Study the gender divide. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, y
35、ou will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） English settlers. （ B） Native farmers, herdsmen and bunters. （ C） Civil servants and professional peop
36、le. （ D） German settlers. （ A） To win over control of Kenya from the Germans. （ B） To take strategic resources from Kenya. （ C） To control Kenya before all others. （ D） To see the Kenyans lives improved. （ A） Because the British didnt have the right to do so. （ B） Because the soldiers didnt know far
37、ming. （ C） Because the soldiers didnt like to go to Kenya. （ D） Because the land in Kenya is unfit for farming. （ A） Population. （ B） Wars. （ C） Nuclear explosions. （ D） Violence in crime. （ A） Threat from weapons. （ B） Influence of violence on TV. （ C） Changes of moral principles. （ D） The unknown
38、reason. （ A） People are more careful. （ B） People are more selfish. （ C） People do what they preach. （ D） People do not follow moral principles. （ A） Close to the city centre. （ B） In the suburb. （ C） Inside the city. （ D） Far away from the city. （ A） Saving money. （ B） Traveling by bus. （ C） Enjoyi
39、ng city life. （ D） Traveling on foot. （ A） Sunday newspaper. （ B） Television program. （ C） Information agency. （ D） All the newspapers. （ A） It is more convenient to live in the hotel if you stay in the U.S. （ B） It can save much money to live away from the city. （ C） You can rent a place for some t
40、ime if you want to save money. （ D） Most people go visiting houses or apartments on Sunday morning. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for
41、the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 3
42、7 There are numerous research methods you can use to locate information. As a 【 B1】_, you can choose the method or methods that 【 B2】 _ in your finding the most information. Your 【 B3】 _ in using these methods improves with 【 B4】 _, just as cooking improves with each dish. 【 B5】 _ interviews is one
43、of the ways to acquire information. Deciding who to interview is your first step. You often find 【 B6】 _ interviewees through library research or by talking with others. Once you decide who to interview, you 【 B7】 _ the interview. You can conduct interviews in person, by phone, or even by mail. Your
44、 most important 【 B8】 _ is to be prepared for the interview. 【 B9】 _. Asking questions becomes easier if you take a reporters perspective. Asking who, where, when, what, how and why helps you explore all areas of a topic. Most people enjoy talking about subjects that interest them and sharing their
45、knowledge with you. However, most people lead busy lives. They dont have time for your lack of preparation. 【 B10】 _. Your main job in an interview is to listen actively. Your interview depends on your ability to hear and focus on what is said. 【 B11】 _. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】
46、42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 48 Large compan
47、ies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a small scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know. While banks may agree t
48、o provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and
49、shares in the business through the Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas. When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stock-broker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money. Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us ar
