1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 715及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Malting Friends Online. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1网上交友现象越来截止普遍 。 2这种做法有利有弊。 3我的建议。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Ski
2、mming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement con
3、tradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Do Clean Smell Encourage Clean Behavior Years ago, social scientists introduced the broken-windows theory of crime control, which assumed that if a neighborhood looked orderly and care
4、d forwith no broken windowspotential wrongdoers would be dissuaded from committing crimes there. Now psychologists have proposed a similar theory, which suggests that people can be induced to behave morally when their environment smells as clean as it looks. Its the Macbeth principle of morality, sa
5、ys Katie Liljenquist, professor of organizational leadership at Brigham Young Universitys Marriott School of Management and lead author of the new study, to be published in Psychological Science. “There is a strong link between moral and physical purity that people associate at a core level. People
6、feel contaminated (受污染的 ) by immoral choices and try to wash away their sins,“ says Liljenquist. “To some degree, washing actually is effective in relieving guilt. What we wondered was whether you could regulate ethical behavior through cleanliness. We found that we could. “ In two separate experime
7、nts, researchers were able to influence participants behavior by exposing them to “cleanliness“ in the form of a common cleaning agents smellin this case, orange-scented Windex (清新剂 ). It turned out that people who sat in a room sprayed with Windex were more likely to act fairly and charitably than
8、those in unscented air. The first experiment involved an anonymous game of trust. The 28 study participants were told they would be “receivers,“ with whom a group of anonymous “senders“ had been instructed to invest money. Participants were told that each sender had been given $ 4 and told that any
9、part of it invested with receivers would be tripled. The job of the receiver, then, was to decide what portion of the dividends to return to the sender. In reality, there was no sender, and each study participant received $12, making it seem as though the senders had entrusted them with the full $ 4
10、 they had been given. But would the receivers return that trust or exploit their unidentified investors? On average, those in the plain-smelling room returned $2.5 to the sender, pocketing the lions share of the money. But those bathed in the scent of Windex sent back an average of $ 5.5, returning
11、the senders blind faith. The scientists insist they didnt overdo it with the Windex, just a few spritzes(喷 )so we can get. rid of brain-cell death or poisoning-induced generosity as reasons why those receivers gave back so much of the stolen property. Rather, Liljenquist says, “a moral awareness was
12、 awakened in a clean-smelling environment. “ In the second experiment, researchers aimed to manipulate peoples tendency toward charity. Ninety-nine participants were assigned to either a Windex-scented room or a neutral-smelling room and given a packet of tasks to complete. Included in the packet wa
13、s a flyer requesting volunteers and donations to the charity Habitat for Humanity. As expected, people in the Windex-sprayed room were more inclined to volunteer and give money than those in the unscented room22% of those in the clean group said they wanted to donate money, compared with 6% of the c
14、ontrols. According to co-author Adam Galinsky, a social psychologist at Northwestern Universitys Kellogg School of Management, society relies on incentives(刺激，动机 ), in the form of rewards and punishments, to encourage people to adjust to certain standards of behavior. “Economists and even psychologi
15、sts havent been paying much attention to the fact that small changes in our environment can have dramatic effects on behavior. We underemphasize these subtle environmental cues,“ he says. Liljenquist says the real-life implications of the study could be as simple as an office investing more in janit
16、orial supplies (清洁用品 ) than in expensive investigation equipment to keep workers in line. Other researchers suggest, however, that perhaps it wasnt the clean smell that made people more virtuous in the new study, but rather the smell of orange; that is, people may have behaved better because they sm
17、elled something they liked, rather than something “clean.“ “It could be simply that a positive smell creates a positive mood, which encourages positive behavior. You cannot conclude it is cleanliness of itself,“ says Brown University psychologist Rachel Herz, author of The Scent of Desire. To rule o
18、ut the contradictory factor of good smells, she says, the studys authors could have added a third room to the experiment scented with recently baked chocolate chip cookies, for example. Nevertheless, both morality researchers and olfactory(嗅觉的 ) scientists agree that people do strongly associate phy
19、sical cleanliness with purity of conscience. It is the notion at the heart of proverbs like “cleanliness is next to godliness“ and evidenced by the widespread use of cleansing ceremonies to wash away sins in various religions around the world. (Truth be told, that practice is merely a reckoning of a
20、n evolutionary strategy to avoid disease.) For their part, Liljenquist and Galinsky say they controlled for the good-mood effect by giving participants in the second experiment a mood-screening questionnaire. They also say their results are consistent with existing written material on cleanliness an
21、d morality. For instance, in one of Liljenquists earlier studies, she found, among other things, that cleaning hands after writing about a moral violation made people feel less guilty about it. Other researchers have also tackled the issue of morality and smell, but from the opposite end of the scop
22、e. A paper published last year in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin revealed that people are more critical and judgmental about certain moral issues when exposed to the vapors of a smelly-scented spray. Yes, a smelly-scented spray is a commercially available product. By the way, accordi
23、ng to a psychologist who has worked with it in experiments, it is nearly impossible to get rid of it. Orange-scented Windex certainly makes for a nicer lab environment, which perhaps has something to do with Liljenquists continued interest in this line of study. “Research on how to stay on the moral
24、 high ground and promote virtue,“ she says, “is something I find refreshing. “ 2 The broken-windows theory of crime control assumed that if a neighborhood is well managed, _. （ A） potential wrongdoers would be dissuaded from breaking windows. （ B） psychologist would suggest people behave morally. （
25、C） it is less likely that people would commit crime there. （ D） it would smei1 as clean as it looks. 3 According to the Macbeth principle of morality, washing is a way to _. （ A） show strong link between moral and physical purity. （ B） get rid of things which are contaminated. （ C） relieve guilt （ D
26、） regulate ethical behavior 4 How much did the people in the plain-smelling room pocket during the experiment? （ A） $4. （ B） $9.5. （ C） $2.5. （ D） $5.5. 5 Why did the scientists scent the room with only a few sprays of Windex in the experiment? （ A） Because they wanted to rule out of other explanati
27、ons for peoples behavior. （ B） Because they didnt want the subjects to notice the smell. （ C） Because Windex are poisonous. （ D） Because they would like to keep the room clean. 6 What did Adam Galinsky believe? （ A） People should get reward to be encouraged to behave well （ B） Our behavior would be
28、greatly influenced by changes in our environment. （ C） Economists and psychologists hadnt been paying much attention to the smell changes. （ D） People often neglected environment changes. 7 According to Liljenquist, what is the implication of the study? （ A） People should buy more janitorial supplie
29、s. （ B） People should not invest in expensive investigation. （ C） People should use more Windex. （ D） People should make the environment much cleaner. 8 Whats the flaw of the experiment according to Rachel Herz? （ A） It should have added a third room with orange smell. （ B） It should have used choco
30、late cookies smell instead of Windex spray. （ C） It didnt exclude the factor of good smell from clean smell. （ D） It didnt provide the subjects with chocolate cookies. 9 According to scientists, many people believe that physical cleanliness is trongly linked to _. 10 One of Liljenquists study showed
31、 that if people clean hands after writing about a moral violation, they would feel _. 11 A paper published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin revealed that when people are exposed to smelly scent, they will be more _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conver
32、sations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and
33、 D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The man took up much of the professors time. （ B） The man didnt make any trouble with Prof. Johnston. （ C） The man has trouble getting along with Prof. Johnston. （ D） The man knew Prof. Johnston was very busy. （ A） In the coffee shop. （ B） Discussing phy
34、sical problem in the classroom. （ C） Working on a science problem at home. （ D） Reading 20th century literature in the hbrary. （ A） They completed all their assignments. （ B） They studied hard for his tests. （ C） They competed for the best seats. （ D） They read all his books. （ A） They made him feel
35、 good. （ B） They made no impact on. （ C） They bored him. （ D） They made him angry. （ A） He doesnt like the woman. （ B） The woman says a few words rudely to him. （ C） The woman talks the same thing to him every day. （ D） The man is disturbed. （ A） He kills pains with smoking. （ B） His habit of smokin
36、g has been formed from his childhood. （ C） He thinks his work and school are stressful. （ D） He believes that it helps him socialize with others. （ A） He must go to see a doctor. （ B） He must visit a practitioner. （ C） He must get some pills. （ D） He must consult a psychiatrist. （ A） She will make a
37、nother plan to help the man. （ B） She will think of the doctors advice again. （ C） She will find out why the marl started smoking. （ D） She will consider if she is going to marry the man. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear
38、 some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The scientists. （ B） The Greeks. （ C） The teachers. （ D） The scholars. （ A） They could not think. （ B） They had no
39、 pollution. （ C） They could not dive deep. （ D） They had small boats, （ A） The water turns gray. （ B） It grows again. （ C） Life on earth improves. （ D） Life on earth dies. （ A） Better memories. （ B） More efficient ways of organizing information. （ C） Better study habits. （ D） More working experience
40、. （ A） Listening and Speaking. （ B） Writing and Translating. （ C） Listening and Translating. （ D） Correctness of grammar and appropriateness of vocabulary. （ A） In childhood. （ B） The earlier, the better. （ C） When one is mature enough. （ D） When one has the need and has enough time. （ A） Hollywood
41、and Academy awards. （ B） Hollywood and sexual separation. （ C） Actors and actresses. （ D） Racial discrimination and sexual difference. （ A） 16. （ B） 146. （ C） 1【 M1】 （ D） 130 （ A） Only one black actor has ever been nominated fro the Academy Awards. （ B） Only three black actors have ever won the best
42、 director title. （ C） The black actors are given a separate award. （ D） The black actors experience more unfair treatment. （ A） Because for the Oscar the most important thing is about glamour. （ B） Because audiences only want to see this years dresses and hairstyles. （ C） Because there is no offence
43、 to the male actors in their dresses. （ D） Because studios want female superstars to help them make money. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is re
44、ad for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write dow
45、n the 29 When I was 15, I got a summer job at the local hospital, where I was told that my duties would include mopping floors. I smiled and remembered Dads advice. Even though my job was the【 B1】 _, I was thrilled to have any work to do at all. I didnt see it as a handicap but as a【 B2】 _ because i
46、t was my first job. I learned to be【 B3】 _ and to meet certain standards. In return, I was treated with【 B4】 _ by hospital staff and patients. Each morning I【 B5】 _ that the plates coated with oatmeal would only make patients【 B6】 _, if I were not there to wash them clean. Once breakfast was done, I
47、 pitched it by【 B7】 _the floors of all patient wards, and cleaning toilets. Though I was exhausted, I knew that if the【 B8】 _ didnt shine, it would reflect badly on me. I wanted the job to be done well. People would beam and say: “That young guy surely does a good job.“【 B9】 _. Working at the hospit
48、al taught me that【 B10】 _. It doesnt matter whether the commitment is mopping floors or managing a large business.【 B11】 _. I have mopped floors, and I have been promoted to manager. I think Dad would be proud of me. 30 【 B1】 31 【 B2】 32 【 B3】 33 【 B4】 34 【 B5】 35 【 B6】 36 【 B7】 37 【 B8】 38 【 B9】 39
49、 【 B10】 40 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the wo
