1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 205及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and express your views on the reason of “China fever“. You should write at least
2、 120 words but no more than 180 words. Section A （ A） Because livestock production is highly efficient. （ B） Because more people will become wealthier. （ C） Because it may help double food production. （ D） Because it has fewer ecological risks. （ A） Balance between human survival and ecology. （ B） C
3、onflict between less land and more production. （ C） Difference between present and future needs. （ D） Calls by environmental critics to consume less meat. （ A） A 17-year-old girl. （ B） A 15-year-old boy. （ C） A 23-year-old woman. （ D） An 18-year-old man. （ A） One month later. （ B） Two months later.
4、（ C） Immediately. （ D） Two weeks later. （ A） Business leadership. （ B） Global business community. （ C） Economic prospects in China. （ D） Business opportunities. （ A） over 250. （ B） 76. （ C） 500. （ D） 800. （ A） 10 years ago. （ B） 3 years ago. （ C） In 1999. （ D） In 2001. Section B （ A） Young couple. （
5、 B） Middle-aged couple. （ C） Classmates. （ D） Teammates. （ A） Take exercise. （ B） Keep on a diet. （ C） Join a basketball team. （ D） Keep fit. （ A） The mans heart. （ B） A physical checkup. （ C） The man will fail to join the team. （ D） The health of the man. （ A） Watch his diet. （ B） Have a physical c
6、heckup. （ C） Take up a training. （ D） Go to bed early. （ A） He likes Sweden better than England. （ B） He prefers hot weather to cold weather. （ C） He is an Englishman living in Sweden. （ D） He visits London nearly every winter. （ A） The bad weather. （ B） The gloomy winter. （ C） The cold houses. （ D）
7、 The long night. （ A） Delightful. （ B） Painful. （ C） Depressing. （ D） Refreshing. （ A） They often stay up late reading. （ B） They work hard and play hard. （ C） They like to go camping in summer. （ D） They try to earn more and spend more. Section C （ A） Words are used as frequently as gestures. （ B）
8、Both words and gestures are often found difficult to understand. （ C） Both words and gestures are used in expressing our feeling. （ D） Gestures are more efficiently used than words. （ A） Fear. （ B） Shock. （ C） Anger. （ D） Surprise. （ A） Men. （ B） Women. （ C） Older people. （ D） Younger people. （ A） F
9、our different vitamins have been identified till now. （ B） A lack of Vitamin B may affect one s eyesight. （ C） Vitamin A can be found in liver. （ D） Even a small quantity of Vitamin C can help people avoid colds. （ A） Vitamin A. （ B） Vitamin B. （ C） Vitamin C. （ D） Vitamin D. （ A） People should eat
10、more to get sufficient amount of vitamins. （ B） People should have more sunlight to ensure absorbing various vitamins. （ C） People should not overcook the vegetables. （ D） People should do more exercises. （ A） Opinions on equality between the sexes in families. （ B） The ideal of sex equality in Amer
11、ican family. （ C） American males and females. （ D） The family a co-operative enterprise. （ A） The fathers role is minor because he is a helpless parent. （ B） The fathers role is irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. （ C） The fathers role is essential to the mothers role. （ D） The fathe
12、rs role is important to the healthy growth of the child. （ A） Ideal. （ B） Fortunate. （ C） Harmful. （ D） Unhappy. （ A） Males are basically opposed to sharing household chores. （ B） A healthy, co-operative family is a basic ingredient of a healthy society. （ C） Division of household responsibilities i
13、s not workable in practice. （ D） A woman s place is in the home now as always. Section A 26 Who doesnt love being in love? A true love listens to you talk about work, lets you have that last【 C1】 _of pie, and usually remembers to take out the trash. He is ready to forget all kinds of【 C2】 _. And he
14、always thinks you re beautiful, even without【 C3】 _. Scientists have long been keen to prove that love gives us health【 C4】 _too. Researchers cant say for sure that a lover is more important than a loving family or warm friendship when it comes to wellness. But they are learning more about how a rom
15、antic partner makes us【 C5】 _, with health gains that【 C6】 _from faster healing and better control over illnesses to living longer. The benefits of love are【 C7】 _and measurable. A study last year from the University of Pittsburgh found that women in good marriages have a much lower risk of heart di
16、sease than those in high-stress relationships. The National Love and Health Study has been【 C8】 _more than a million subjects since 1979. The study shows that married people live longer, have fewer heart attacks and lower cancer rates, and even get pneumonia less frequently than singles. A new study
17、 from the University of Iowa also found that cancer patients with a strong sense of connection to others and in【 C9】_relationship were better able to fight off cancer. It seems that love helps people【 C10】 _their immune system. A)range B)makeup C)stronger D)righteous E)tracking F)slice G)health H)st
18、rengthen I)benefits J)refreshing K)misunderstandings L)designing M)satisfying N)suggested O)explicit 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Definitions of Obesity A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not ju
19、st somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage. B)The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a persons height and weight. The “Body Mass Index“(BMI)is calculate
20、d by dividing the person s weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese. C)However
21、, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular
22、people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP)in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation(IDF)are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference. Health Effect
23、s of Obesity D)Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that “persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender“. This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a persons physical, social and emotional well-being. It incre
24、ases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2(“mature onset diabetes“)and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also
25、well-known. Cancer E)Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the stro
26、ngest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men. F)The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroi
27、d hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a womans menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less afflu
28、ent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer. G)The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obe
29、sity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world! Aging H)Research published by St Thomas Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman s biological age. The effect was exacerb
30、ated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a womans biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor
31、Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men. I)The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny “caps“ on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the “chromosomal clock“ because, as an orga
32、nism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat and the chemicals present i
33、n tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres. Dementia J)Recent research(2005)conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia
34、, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher. K)Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to t
35、ake information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first
36、time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia. Other Problems L)The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and pub
37、lished in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional “palpation“ examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to tur
38、n the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency cae-sarean section. M)This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS. 37 The predictive test will help people to change lifestyle, which wi
39、ll reduce their risk of contracting dementia. 38 Women from less affluent nations tend to have much less breast cancer. 39 Obesity would affect a person s emotional well-being. 40 Obese people in middle age run an increased risk of dementia. 41 Obesity has something to do with cancer in the prostate
40、 gland for man. 42 A non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to her biological age. 43 Whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage can be judged according to the height-weight table. 44 The excess body fat, like the chemicals present i
41、n tobacco smoke, can lead to inflammation. 45 “Body Mass Index“ is limited in defining a person s weight ideal, because it does not takes into account many variables such as age, gender and ethnic origin. 46 The world-wide upsurge in obesity, especially in children, will possibly drain economies. Se
42、ction C 46 Over the past decade, the environmental movement has exploded onto the mind of mainstream consumers, a fact not lost on marketers and advertisers. Green advertising started in the mid-1980s when issues of the environment muscled their way to the forefront of marketing. Advertisers saw the
43、 consumer desire for environmentally safe products and tried to meet the demand as quickly as possible. Not surprisingly, this first wave suffered from rough and poorly conceived marketing efforts. Many advertisers embraced a genuine concern for the environment. But consumers realized that some comp
44、anies made false claims and exploited the movement, using such nebulous(模糊的 )terms as “environmentally friendly“ and “green.“ Consumers grew wary of environmental appeals, and advertisers reacted by reducing its emphasis. To avoid future trouble, many companies waited for state and federal governmen
45、ts to define terms and provide legal guidelines, which paved the road to a second wave. In 1992 the Federal Trade Commission established guidelines for green marketing, followed shortly by state governments. California passed particularly strict laws, setting definitions for terms like “ozone friend
46、ly,“ “biodegradable,“ and “recycled.“According to the states court, “California seeks to guard against potentially specious: claims or ecological puffery(吹捧 )about products with minimal environmental attributes. “Texas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Tennessee, Connecticut, and Washington soon followed t
47、he Golden State s lead. The rigid regulations have left a number of advertisers confused and frustrated, although some feel that environmental claims have already peaked and are on their way out. Some believe that weve now entered green advertising s third wave, where environmental concern is now pa
48、rt of the mainstream. 47 What were some early problems with Green advertisements? （ A） They were expensive. （ B） No one believed them. （ C） They were unsuccessful. （ D） They were often deceptive. 48 What was the response by consumers? （ A） Consumers were responsible. （ B） Consumers were hostile. （ C
49、） Consumers didnt care all the time. （ D） Consumers got tired of it. 49 How did Green advertisements change after the first wave? （ A） They became more popular. （ B） They were more regulated. （ C） They became better produced. （ D） They became less honest. 50 When did the green third wave come? （ A） When environmental concern rises. （ B） When advertisers are self-regulating themselves. （ C） When advertisements become very regulated. （ D） When the mainstream also becomes concerned about it. 51 Which
