1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 269及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Be a Civic-minded Tourist. You should include in your essay tourists uncivil behaviors in the scenic spots and the corresponding solutions. You should write at least 1
2、20 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. Be a Civic-minded Tourist Section A （ A） Because the holiday has gone. （ B） Because a horror attack happened. （ C） Because few flights fly to Egypt. （ D） Because wealthy tourists may be caught. （ A） Tourists from Russia. （ B） T
3、ourists from Britain. （ C） Tourists from Arab countries. （ D） Tourists from Egypt. （ A） 8,500. （ B） 160. （ C） 1,000. （ D） 500. （ A） To standardize the curriculum. （ B） To end all tuition fees. （ C） To set aside room for all students. （ D） To make the students allowance higher. （ A） To reduce the ris
4、k of heart attack. （ B） To help people stop smoking. （ C） To reduce the sales of traditional tobacco. （ D） To test the benefit and harm of e-cigarette. （ A） It is useless. （ B） it might cause air pollution. （ C） It is too expensive. （ D） Its function is unknown. （ A） 1/5 of adults smoke in the UK. （
5、 B） 2/3 of smokers get breathing diseases. （ C） 10 million of them are reluctant to quit smoking. （ D） 15 million of them have tried e-cigarette. Section B （ A） He often goes on exploring expeditions. （ B） He is a racing driver for many years. （ C） He likes to join in extreme sports. （ D） He often d
6、rives fast during the night. （ A） During the British Grand Prix. （ B） During the Mexican Grand Prix. （ C） On his way to the studio. （ D） During his last race. （ A） Several drivers were killed in the accident. （ B） There was a multiple motor vehicle collision. （ C） His car ran into the car in front o
7、f him. （ D） His car was damaged but he wasnt hurt. （ A） There were too many cars. （ B） He saw a traffic accident. （ C） He hit a car in front of him. （ D） His car suddenly flamed out. （ A） For quiet concentration. （ B） For fresh air and excitement. （ C） For a special course. （ D） For less money invol
8、ved. （ A） Outdoor hobbies. （ B） Indoor hobbies. （ C） Money-saving hobbies. （ D） Time-consuming hobbies. （ A） She learned it when she was a small child. （ B） She started it when she was a student. （ C） She didnt learn it until she left school. （ D） She started it after she was married. （ A） By attend
9、ing special courses. （ B） With the help of her friends. （ C） By reading books on hobbies. （ D） Under the guidance of her mother. Section C （ A） People who are over 65 years old. （ B） People whose life is different from younger ones. （ C） People who retire from full-time work. （ D） People who live, f
10、ar away from their family. （ A） Money. （ B） Safety. （ C） Family. （ D） Health. （ A） Communities near their family. （ B） Communities in big cities. （ C） Communities in warm climates. （ D） Communities in the countryside. （ A） The number of senior citizens is increasing rapidly. （ B） The problem of seni
11、or citizen becomes more serious. （ C） Senior citizens are less active than before. （ D） More senior citizens are involved in politics. （ A） She was famous for her sharply funny comments. （ B） She served as the governor of Texas for 2 years. （ C） She helped black people to get their rights. （ D） She
12、worked as a teacher of four students. （ A） Deputy Secretary. （ B） Foreign minister. （ C） Country commissioner. （ D） State governor. （ A） Ann Richards created a world for all the young people. （ B） Ann Richards was the greatest feminist in the US. （ C） Ann Richards helped young girls find their place
13、s. （ D） Ann Richards was a kind-hearted person. （ A） Accepting the criticism and ignore the praise. （ B） Understanding the reason behind peoples criticism. （ C） Stopping caring other peoples opinions. （ D） Smiling to all the praise and criticism. （ A） Thank the person. （ B） Correct it happily. （ C）
14、Ignore the mistake. （ D） Cancel the publication. （ A） The topic is worth discussing again. （ B） The topic is funny and meaningful. （ C） The topic needs to be well understood. （ D） The topic has to be changed. Section A 26 We all know that emotions originate in the brain. But we usually talk about ou
15、r emotions coming from our hearts. If someone you know doesnt give up【 C1】 _, you might say, “Hes got a lot of heart.“ Then what about bad emotions? When you feel so sad that your heart “aches,“ could it actually be true? A new study shows what goes on in your mind can, literally, break your heart.
16、In the study, just published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, researchers looking at more than 63,000 women who were participants in the【 C2】_Nurses Health Study, found that, those who reported basic symptoms of depression had a higher-than-normal【 C3】 _of heart attack. And wome
17、n who were clinically depressed were more than twice as【 C4】 _as other women to suffer sudden heart attack. None of the participants had heart problems at the studys【 C5】 _, but nearly 8% had symptoms of depression. The researchers theorize that depression might have some direct physiological impact
18、 on the heart like【 C6】 _it to work harder in the face of stress. Or it may be that the antidepressants(抗抑郁药 ) 【 C7】 _to treat those with mood problems were associated with heart diseases: in the study, sudden heart attack was linked more【 C8】_with antidepressant use than with womens symptoms of dep
19、ression. No one is sure exactly how depression hurts the heart, and one【 C9】_explanation is that a damaged heart and its consequent stress on the body might activate, somehow, genes or other physiological changes that【 C10】 _to depression. A)risk E)strongly I)causing M)easily B)plausible F)outset J)
20、process N)make C)ongoing G)likely K)contribute O)possibly D)sum H)meaningful L)prescribed 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Theres No Place Like Home AOn almost any night of the week, Churchills Restaurant is hopping. The 10-year-
21、old hot spot in Rockville Centre, Long Island, is packed with locals drinking beer and eating burgers, with some customers spilling over onto the street. “We have lots of regularspeople who are recognized when they come in,“ says co-owner Kevin Culhane. In fact, regulars make up more than 80 percent
22、 of the restaurants customers. “People feel comfortable and safe here,“ Culhane says, “This is their place.“ BThriving neighborhood restaurants are one small data point in a larger trend I call the new localism. The basic idea: the longer people stay in their homes and communities, the more they ide
23、ntify with those places, and the greater their commitment to helping local businesses and institutions thrive, even in a downturn. Several factors are driving this process, including an aging population, suburbanization, the Internet, and an increased focus on family life. And even as the recession
24、has begun to yield to recovery, our commitment to our local roots is only going to grow deeper. Evident before the recession, the new localism will shape how we live and work in the coming decades, and may even influence the course of our future politics. CPerhaps nothing will be as surprising about
25、 21st-century America as its settledness. For more than a generation Americans have believed that “spatial mobility“ would increase, and, as it did, feed a trend toward rootlessness and anomie(社会道德沦丧 ). In 2000, Harvards Robert Putnam made a point in Bowling Alone, in which he wrote about the “civic
26、 malaise“ he saw gripping the country. In Putnams view, society was being undermined, largely due to suburbanization and what he called “the growth of mobility.“ DYet in reality Americans actually are becoming less nomadic(游牧的 ). As recently as the 1970s as many as one in five people moved annually:
27、 by 2006, long before the current recession took hold, that number was 14 percent, the lowest rate since the census(人口普查 )starting following movement in 1940. Since then tougher times have accelerated these trends, in large part because opportunities to sell houses and find new employment have dried
28、 up. In 2008, the total number of people changing residences was less than those who did so in 1962, when the country had 120 million fewer people. The stay-at-home trend appears particularly strong among aging boomers, who stay tied to their suburban homes close to family, friends, clubs, churches,
29、 and familiar surroundings. EThe trend will not bring back the comer grocery stores and the declining organizations bowling leagues, Boy Scouts, and such cited by Putnam and others as the traditional glue of American communities. Nor will our car-oriented suburbs copy the close neighborhood feel so
30、celebrated by romantic urbanists. Instead, were evolving in ways fit for a postindustrial society. It will not spell the decline of Wal-Mart or Costco, but will express itself in scores of alternative institutions, such as thriving local weekly newspapers that have withstood the shift to the Interne
31、t far better than big-city dailies. FOur less mobile nature is already reshaping the corporate world. The kind of corporate mobility described in Peter Kilborns recent book, Next Stop, Reloville: Life Inside Americas Rootless Professional Class, in which families relocate every couple of years so th
32、e breadwinner can reach a higher step on the managerial ladder, will become less common in years ahead. A smaller group of corporate executives may still move from place to place, but surveys reveal many executives are now unwilling to move even for a good promotion. Why? Family and technology are t
33、wo key factors working against mobility, in the workplace and elsewhere. GFamily, as one Pew researcher notes, “matters more than money when people make decisions about where to live.“ Interdependence is replacing independence. More parents are helping their children financially well into their 30s
34、and 40s: the numbers of “boomerang kids“ moving back home with their parents, has also been growing as job options and the ability to buy houses has decreased for the young. Recent surveys of the emerging generation suggest this family-centric focus will last well into the coming decades. HNothing a
35、llows for geographic choice more than the ability to work at home. Demographer(人口学家 )Wendell Cox suggests there will be more people working electronically at home full time than taking mass transportation, making it the largest potential source of energy savings on transportation. In the San Francis
36、co Bay Area and Los Angeles, almost one in 10 workers is a part-time telecommuter. Some studies indicate that more than one quarter of the U.S. workforce could eventually participate in this new work pattern. Even IBM, whose initials were once jokingly said to stand for “Ive Been Moved,“ has changed
37、 its approach. About 40 percent of the companys workers now labor at home or remotely from a clients location. IThese home-based workers become critical to the local economy. They will eat in local restaurants, attend fairs and festivals, take their kids to soccer practices, ballet lessons, or relig
38、ious youth-group meetings. This is not merely a suburban phenomenon: localism also means a stronger sense of identity for urban neighborhoods as well as smaller towns. JCould the new localism also affect our future politics? Throughout our history, we have always preferred our politics more on the h
39、ome-cooked side. On his visit to America in the early 1830s, Alexis de Tocqueville was struck by the decentralized nature of the country. “The intelligence and the power are spread abroad,“ he wrote, “and instead of radiating from a point, they cross each other in every direction.“ KThis is much the
40、 same today. The majority of Americans still live in a combination of smaller towns and cities, including many suburban towns within large metropolitan regions. After decades of hurried mobility, we are seeing a return to placeness, along with more choices for individuals, families, and communities.
41、 For entrepreneurs like Kevin Culhane and his workers at Churchills, its a phenomenon that may also offer a lease on years of new profits. “Were holding our own in these times because we appeal to the people around here,“ Culhane says. And as places like Long Island become less bedroom community and
42、 more round-the-clock location for work and play, hes likely to have plenty of hungry customers. 37 When visiting the US in the early 1830s, Alexis de Tocqueville found that the country had the nature of decentralization. 38 The stay-at-home trends have accelerated since 2006 mainly because it was h
43、arder to sell houses and find jobs. 39 Putnam believed that suburbanization and growing mobility were undermining the society. 40 Most customers of Churchills Restaurant are old customers. 41 The tendency of settledness will result in prosperity of local newspapers. 42 A demographer predicates that
44、more people will take full-time jobs at home. 43 With the economic recovery, new localism tends to become stronger. 44 The changes from bedroom community to round-the-clock location in some places make profits for local economy. 45 With the fading of hurried mobility, placeness is returning, providi
45、ng more choices for individuals, families and communities. 46 As is described in a recent book, people relocate constantly to get a promotion. Section C 46 Earlier this year I met with a group of women in Matela, a small farming village in Tanzania, and we discussed something thats been on all of ou
46、r minds lately: finding a safe place to save money. The women said their babies were getting sick from malaria(疟疾 ), and they could afford the drugs if they saved money over time but with no access to formal savings accounts, they had a hard time safeguarding cash So they saved in risky and ineffici
47、ent ways. They made loans to each other, or bought goats or jewelry, then sold them if they suddenly needed money. The success of microloans has opened new opportunities for many poor people and has been a crucial factor in reducing poverty. But loans are not enough. Savings accounts could help peop
48、le in the developing world with unexpected events, accumulate money to invest in education, increase their productivity and income, and build their financial security. Fortunately, this is a moment of opportunity. New policy ideas are uniting in ways that will lower the cost of savings and bring saf
49、e financial services to the doorsteps of the poor. One exciting trend is agent banking, in which stores and post offices serve as banking outlets. Banks still manage and guarantee the deposits, but they rely on the infrastructure(基础设施 )of other outlets to deal with clients where there are no bank branches. The phenomenal growth of mobile phones in the developing world presents another opportunity. M-Pesa, the mobile-phone cash-transfer service in Kenya, has signed up more
