1、托福模拟试卷 11及答案与解析 0 1 Why does the man go to see his professor? （ A） To discuss the grade he received on a recent exam. （ B） To find out what the final project for the class will be like. （ C） To get help finding a businessperson to interview. （ D） To ask for resources about conducting an interview. 2
2、 Why does the professor suggest speaking with an owner of a kayak tour company? （ A） She thinks it will be possible for the man to get a job working there. （ B） The man is already familiar with several of the local guides. （ C） She believes that tour companies are interested in community development
3、. （ D） The man is interested in opening a similar business after he graduates. 3 What does the professor say about the local small business association? （ A） Local business owners often join to discuss their experiences. （ B） They might be able to help the student contact a business owner. （ C） The
4、student should ask them for help when he opens his new business. （ D） People there have helped out students in her classes in the past. 4 Why does the professor say this: （ A） To find out if the student can return at a later time. （ B） To express that she is in the middle of something. （ C） To indic
5、ate that she has time to talk with the student. （ D） To discourage the student from staying for too long. 5 What can be inferred about the professor? （ A） She is pleased that the student wants to talk about the final project. （ B） She is concerned that the student will not finish the project before
6、the due date. （ C） She is curious about why the student has not started on the project. （ D） She is surprised that the student is already working on the final project. 5 6 What is the discussion mainly about? （ A） Regions that are known for their maple syrup industries. （ B） The production of maple
7、syrup. （ C） The process by which maple trees produce sap. （ D） The history of the maple syrup industry. 7 How does the professor introduce the lecture topic? （ A） By listing the top producers of maple syrup. （ B） By correcting a common misconception about maple syrup. （ C） By reminding the students
8、of the topic from last class. （ D） By asking the students to define a related term. 8 According to the professor, what are two pieces of equipment necessary for collecting maple sap? Click on 2 answers. （ A） container for holding sap as it runs out of the tree. （ B） Plastic tubing for transporting s
9、ap directly to the sugar house. （ C） A small pipe to channel the flow of sap from the tree. （ D） Pipelines that are connected to the tree roots to collect sap. 9 Indicate whether each of the following is mentioned in the lecture as a requirement for making maple syrup. Click in the correct box for e
10、ach phrase. 10 What does the man mean when he says this: （ A） He wants to change the topic of the talk. （ B） He wants the professor to elaborate on a point in the lecture. （ C） He is trying to remember something the professor already said. （ D） He wants to correct some mistakes that the professor ma
11、de. 11 What can be inferred about the student? （ A） He is confused by the professors comment. （ B） He is concerned that the professor has misspoken. （ C） He is curious as to why the professor mentioned this information. （ D） He is amazed at the figure presented by the professor. 11 12 What is the ta
12、lk mainly about? （ A） The history of the continental drift theory. （ B） The mechanism by which continents move. （ C） The construction of a geologic timeline. （ D） The flaws of the plate tectonics theory. 13 Why does the professor mention fossils? （ A） To describe the evidence Wegener used to develop
13、 his theory. （ B） To suggest that Wegener borrowed ideas from earlier scientists. （ C） To explain how Wegener first became interested in geology. （ D） To show why most scientists ridiculed Wegeners theory. 14 Indicate whether each of the following are mentioned in the lecture as evidence in support
14、of the theory of continental drift. Click in the correct box for each phrase. 15 Which of the following ideas are mentioned in the passage as elements of the theory of plate tectonics? Click on 2 answers. （ A） Boundaries where two pieces of the Earths outer shell diverge. （ B） Zones where one tecton
15、ic plate moves under another. （ C） The expansion of oceans and other bodies of water. （ D） The existence of a land bridge that connected continents. 16 Why does the professor say this: （ A） To emphasize the negativity of the publics reaction to a certain theory. （ B） To complain about the behavior o
16、f the scientific community. （ C） To introduce a reason for a shift in scientific opinion. （ D） To ask the students their opinion of a theory he described. 17 What can be inferred about the professor? （ A） He does not want the students to ask any more questions. （ B） He does not think the idea is wor
17、th spending time talking about. （ C） He wants the students to accept the idea even if they do not understand it. （ D） He thinks the students are familiar with the concept he is discussing. 17 18 Why does the woman visit the man? （ A） To pick up a letter of approval for studying abroad. （ B） To ask f
18、or assistance with changing her major. （ C） To receive advice on how to learn a foreign language. （ D） To get information on study-abroad opportunities. 19 Why is the woman interested in Spain? （ A） She thinks its culture is similar to Mexicos. （ B） Her roommate studied there last semester. （ C） She
19、 has familial connections to the country. （ D） She studied international law there. 20 What does the man imply about the type of program the woman mentions? （ A） There are none available in the country where she wants to study. （ B） It may not be the best choice for someone interested in language le
20、arning. （ C） Housing costs are usually not included in the program price. （ D） Most students who have participated in one did not enjoy it. 21 Why will the woman see the man again tomorrow? （ A） To pick up some documents about study-abroad programs. （ B） To set up a meeting with a language departmen
21、t professor. （ C） To discuss the requirements for students studying abroad. （ D） To plan her travel itinerary for her trip to Spain. 22 What can be inferred about the woman? （ A） She wants the man to suggest a course of action for her. （ B） She does not think the man understands what she wants to do
22、. （ C） She wants the man to help her plan studying abroad. （ D） She does not know what information the man is looking for. 22 23 What is the talk mainly about? （ A） The effect of the Civil War on American literature. （ B） A genre in American literature of the late nineteenth century. （ C） The way in
23、 which American realism influenced U.S. society. （ D） The body of literature written by Mark Twain. 24 Indicate whether each of the following is a characteristic of American realism mentioned in the lecture. Click in the correct box for each phrase. 25 How does the professor introduce his discussion
24、 of the historical context of American realism? （ A） By comparing the literature of Britain and the United States in the late 1800s. （ B） By asking the students to list important events of the late nineteenth century. （ C） By describing the effect of American realism on modern American literature. （
25、 D） By outlining the career of an author considered to be a representative figure of realism. 26 According to the professor, how was Darwins On the Origin of Species related to American realism? （ A） It called attention to social issues generated by the rise of the middle class. （ B） It caused Ameri
26、can writers to lose faith in the principles of romanticism. （ C） It contributed to changes in American culture that captured the attention of writers. （ D） It challenged American authors to produce works of scientific merit. 27 Why does the professor say this: （ A） To show that the student has remin
27、ded him of another idea. （ B） To shift the focus of the discussion back to the main topic. （ C） To indicate that the class might run over time. （ D） To explain a point just mentioned by the student. 28 What does the professor imply? （ A） Before Twain, few works produced in the United States were wor
28、thy of attention. （ B） By Twains time, American literature had developed a style and voice all its own. （ C） Twains outlook as an author was unlike his contemporaries in American literature. （ D） Twains influence alleviated American authors concerns about proving themselves. 28 29 What aspect of but
29、terfly development does the professor mainly discuss? （ A） The way in which adults alter their lifecycle to reproduce. （ B） Their similarity to other holometabolic creatures. （ C） Their transformation from caterpillars into adult imagoes. （ D） The four specific phases they experience as they grow. 3
30、0 How does the professor explain the lifecycle of butterflies? （ A） By focusing on what they are like in the embryo stage. （ B） By describing their development in chronological order. （ C） By comparing it to the lifecycles of other insects. （ D） By discussing the migration routes followed by monarch
31、s. 31 In the lecture, the professor describes the larval stage of butterfly development. Indicate whether each of the following is true of butterflies in this stage. Click in the correct box for each phrase. 32 What are two features of the pupal stage mentioned in the discussion? Click on 2 answers.
32、 （ A） The organism changes from a caterpillar to a butterfly. （ B） The organism remains within a chrysalis for 28 days. （ C） The organism is colored to blend into its surroundings. （ D） The organism sheds its skin multiple times. 33 What determines the length of a monarch butterflys life? （ A） The t
33、ime at which it matures. （ B） The number of eggs it produces. （ C） The environment where it lives. （ D） The amount of food it eats. 34 Why does the man say this: （ A） To imply that the professor is digressing onto another topic. （ B） To request clarification of a term the professor used. （ C） To ind
34、icate that the professor needs to speak up. （ D） To express doubt about something the professor said. 一、 Sections Three： Reading Comprehension 34 Mountain Climbing Mountain climbing, or ascending mountains, is popular worldwide, wherever hills rise high enough to provide a challenge. The activitys r
35、ewards include the physical exercise it provides, the satisfaction of overcoming difficulties by working with others, the thrill of reaching a summit, and the unobstructed views from a mountaintop. Exploration and research are other reasons that people climb mountains. Since ancient times, people ha
36、ve viewed mountain peaks as towering objects of myth, spiritual inspiration, and romantic beauty. Early peoples made ascents only to hunt game, to rescue lost or strayed animals, or to gain a military advantage over an enemy. Eventually, the unknown and inaccessible peaks ceased to be feared and avo
37、ided, and the conquest of the major mountain peaks and ranges of the world began. Mountaineering as a sport was born on August 8,1786. Since that ascent, mountain climbing has evolved into three related sports: alpine climbing, ice climbing, and rock climbing. These sports require the same fundament
38、al techniques. The style of alpinism or alpine climbing encompasses much of the basic climbing techniques, equipment, and safety precautions that form the basis for ice climbing and rock climbing. Alpine climbing began in the European Alps in the late 18th century and is now practiced in all mountai
39、n ranges of the world. Alpine climbing involves the continuous ascent of a mountain peak over a period of one to several days by a team of at least two alpinists. Teams may consist of as many as four climbers. The climbers carry all the equipment they need a camping stove and fuel, sleeping bags, sl
40、eeping mats, a tent or bivouac sack, first aid gear, a water bottle, and food. Each night the climbers spend the night on a mountain ledge before continuing upward. Ice climbing grew out of traditional mountaineering, and ice climbers use the basic equipment, techniques, and safety precautions that
41、alpinists do, with certain specialized changes to account for the added difficulties of ascending vertical sheets of ice. For example, Eckensteins ten-point crampons enabled mountaineers to ascend more difficult and steeper climbs over icy routes. (A) Ice climbers later created more radically droope
42、d ice axe picks and ergonomically designed ice axe shafts, allowing them to venture onto continuously vertical, and even overhanging, frozen waterfalls. In the early 20th century, French and German mountaineers sought out new challenges by training on cliffs and boulders near their homes. (B) The ea
43、rliest documented rock climb done for sport was the 35-m high Napes Needle in the Lake District of England. (C) Climbing areas may be relatively small crags of rock, large canyon sidewalls, or immense mountain faces. (D) Granite, limestone, sandstone, metamorphosed schist, and gneiss are the five mo
44、st popular rock types for climbing. In recent years, well-publicized successes and tragedies in mountaineering activities and improvements in climbing equipment have given rise to an increased number of mountain climbers worldwide. The sports popularity has led some countries to require mountaineers
45、 to purchase climbing permits. Himalayan expeditions must also pay an environmental bond to guarantee that they will remove all of their waste at the conclusion of their trip. Environmental protection efforts are underway at many rock climbing areas to ease ecological strains on popular areas. Local
46、 climbers participate in an annual cleanup day to maintain approach trails, wash gymnastic chalk off the rock, and pick up litter. The Access Fund is the national organization that helps climbers gain access to climbing areas and also assists with environmental problems associated with cliffs in the
47、 United States. Beginning in the 1980s indoor rock-climbing gyms have played a key role in introducing large numbers of people to climbing by featuring short climbs in a controlled setting. However, making the transition to climbing outside is not always easy. New skills and judgment calls are requi
48、red outdoors, because real cliffs are subject to bad weather and other hazards such as loose rock and falling stones. In the late 20th century, climbing competitions became popular with rock climbers and ice climbers of all ages and skill levels. Regular competition climbing is judged on how high th
49、e climber can ascend within a specified period of time. Speed climbing competitions pit climbers against a clock to see how fast they can scale a wall. Local climbing gyms and clubs sponsor competitions, as do national organizations such as the American Sport Climbing Federation. 35 The word thrill in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_. （ A） opportunity （ B） pleasure （ C） danger （ D） difficulty 36 According to Paragraph 1, what rewards can people get from mountain climbing? （ A） They can make a living from climbing mountains. （ B） They can
