1、笔译三级实务模拟试卷 24及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 As the importance of recycling becomes more apparent, questions about it linger. Is it worth the effort? How does it work? Is recycling waste j
2、ust going into a landfill in China? Here are some answers. It is an awful lot of rubbish. Since 1960 the amount of municipal waste being collected in America has nearly tripled, reaching 245m tonnes in 2005. According to European Union statistics, the amount of municipal waste produced in western Eu
3、rope increased by 23% between 1995 and 2003, to reach 577kg per person.(So much for the plan to reduce waste per person to 300kg by 2000.)As the volume of waste has increased, so have recycling efforts. In 1980 America recycled only 9. 6% of its municipal rubbish; today the rate stands at 32%. A sim
4、ilar trend can be seen in Europe, where some countries, such as Austria and the Netherlands, now recycle 60% or more of their municipal waste. Britain s recycling rate, at 27% , is low, but it is improving fast, having nearly doubled in the past three years. Even so, when a city introduces a kerbsid
5、e recycling programme, the sight of all those recycling lorries trundling around can raise doubts about whether the collection and transportation of waste materials requires more energy than it saves. “We are constantly being asked; Is recycling worth doing on environmental grounds?“ says Julian Par
6、fitt, principal analyst at Waste and although incinerators are not as polluting as they once were, they still produce noxious emissions, so people dislike having them around.)But perhaps the most valuable benefit of recycling is the saving in energy and the reduction in greenhouse gases and pollutio
7、n that result when scrap materials are substituted for virgin feedstock. “If you can use recycled materials, you dont have to mine ores, cut trees and drill for oil as much,“ says Jeffrey Morris of Sound Resource Management, a consulting firm based in Olympia, Washington. Extracting metals from ore,
8、 in particular, is extremely energy-intensive. Recycling aluminium, for example, can reduce energy consumption by as much as 95%. Savings for other materials are lower but still substantial: about 70% for plastics, 60% for steel, 40% for paper and 30% for glass. Recycling also reduces emissions of p
9、ollutants that can cause smog, acid rain and the contamination of waterways. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 清晨 3： 45进行了最后表决。经过半年的争辩和最后 16个小时的国会激烈辩论，澳大利亚北部地区 (即澳北州 )成了世界上第一个允许医生根据病人意愿结束绝症患者生命的合法当局
10、。这一法案是以 15票通过对 10票反对的无可争议的结果通过的。这一消息几乎同时出现在互联网上。身处地球另一端的加拿大死亡权利执行主席约翰 霍夫塞斯收到这条消息后便通过协会的网上服务站 “死亡之网 ”发了公告。他说： “我们一整天都在发布公告，这么做当然不是因为澳大利亚出了什么事情，而是因为这是要载入世界历史的。 ” 这一立法的深刻意义可能要过 一段时间才能为人们所理解。澳北州所通过的晚期病人权益法使得无论是内科医生还是普通市民都同样地力图从道义和实际意义两方面来对待这一问题。有些人如释重负，另一些人，包括教会人士、生之权利组织成员以及澳大利亚医学会成员则进行了猛烈抨击，并谴责其草率通过。而安
11、乐死潮流将不可逆转。在澳大利亚，人口老龄化、延长寿命技术以及公众态度的变化都在发挥着各自的作用。其他州也准备考虑制定类似的法规来处理安乐死问题。在美国和加拿大，死亡权利运动正在积蓄力量，观察家正等待着多米诺骨牌开始倒下。 笔译三级实务模拟试卷 24答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 【正确答案】 回收利用之真相 随着回收利用的重要性日渐凸显，关于这
12、方面的问题也日益叠加：值得这么做吗 ?如何进行操作 ?在中国，回收的垃圾都涌向垃圾场吗 ?以下是一些相关答案 。 垃圾的数量真是惊人之多。自从 1960年以来，美国市区收集到的垃圾总量几乎翻了三倍，到 2005年达到了 245万吨之多。根据欧盟数据显示，西欧国家市区产生的垃圾数量在 1995年至 2003年之间增长了 23。人均产生垃圾量高达 577公斤 (远远超过了当时到 2000年人均垃圾量为 300公斤的计划量 )。随着垃圾总量的增加，垃圾回收利用所做的努力也显得日益重要。 1980年，美国市区垃圾的回收率仅为 9 6，但今天垃圾的回收率已达 32。欧洲国家也呈现出相应趋势，例如奥地利和
13、荷兰，他们现在的垃圾回收率已达 60 或以上。英国的垃圾回收率目前只有 27，但其回收率快速增长，在过去三年里几乎翻了两番。 尽管如此，当城市启动路边垃圾回收项目后，满大街垃圾车竞相奔走的情景不禁引起人们的怀疑：垃圾回收后可利用的能源是否远不抵收集和运输这些垃圾所消耗的能源 ?英国废物及资源行动计划组织的首席分析员朱迪 -帕菲说道： “常常有人问我们：回收真的有益于环境保护吗 ?”该组织是英国一家非盈利性组织，提倡回收理念并努力开拓回收市场。 关于特定事物生命周期的研究，以一特定事例便可以阐明这一问题。但是，英国废物及资源行动计划组织决 定一探究竟，它委托丹麦技术大学和丹麦废物主题中心对 55
14、篇相关生命周期分析报告进行再次研究。这 55篇报告均因其精确分析的特点而被选出重新研究。接着，研究人员研读了 200多个研究方案，并将回收垃圾与掩埋或焚烧特殊种类的废弃物两者各自所产生的影响进行比较。结果他们发现 83关于回收的方案中确实证明回收有益于环境。 在这项研究的基础上，英国废物及资源行动计划组织得出以下结论：英国对废弃物的回收每年减少了 1000 1500万吨二氧化碳的排放量。相当于英国每年汽车的二氧化碳排放量减少了 10，或者大致相当于英国 公路上少了 350万辆汽车。无独有偶，据美国环境保护局估计，到 2005年，回收将使美国碳氧化物排放量减少4900万吨。 回收还有其他诸多益处
15、：保护自然资源；减少掩埋和焚烧废弃物总量。掩埋和焚烧废弃物根本算不上是理想的垃圾处理方式。 (垃圾场占据了宝贵的土地资源，并产生甲烷 一种破坏力极强的温室气体；尽管现在垃圾堆污染严重程度有所改善，但它们依然产生有毒气体，因此，人们讨厌周围有垃圾场的存在 )，但回收的最大益处也许就在于能源的节约，温室气体和废品转换成原料过程中所产生的污染物的减少。来自华盛顿 -奥林匹亚 一家咨询公司优化能源管理部门的杰弗里 -莫里斯如是说道：如果都能使用回收利用的材料，我们大可不必大肆挖掘矿物、砍伐树木和开采石油钻井。 尤其，从矿中冶炼金属是一个极其消耗能量的过程。就拿铝金属的回收来说，它能节约高达 95的能源
16、消耗。其他物质回收的能源节约比例相对较小一些，但其总量也很可观：塑料回收能源节约达 70，钢铁回收能源节约约达 60，纸质回收节能约达 40，而玻璃回收节能则约达 30。回收利用同时还减少那些能造成大雾、酸雨和排水沟污染的污染物排放量。 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 【正确答案】 It was 3 :45 in the morning when the v
17、ote wasfinally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 1
18、5 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group s online service, Death NET. Says Hofsess, “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this i
19、sn t just something that happened in Australia. It s world history. “ The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally III law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, incl
20、uding churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australiawhere an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the U. S. and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
