1、笔译三级实务（综合）模拟试卷 5及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 Your four years of college may pass by in the twinkling of an eye and it is therefore very important that you make the most of your experien
2、ce. 2 College is a great chance for learning something new as you are still young, without responsibilities other than your own self, and surrounded by young people your age. 3 A new survey by the University of Edinburgh shows that girls in the 12-15 age category are more likely to skip classes than
3、 boys of the same age. 4 Parents have become a new engine for educational reform in Egypt. They help streamline the educational system and guide their children to choose majors. 5 Middle-class parents are more concerned with their childrens self-discipline than with their obedience to parents. 6 It
4、may sound cool to pull an all-nighter, but actually, youre wasting your time as it prevents your brain and body from functioning at peak levels. 7 Why Go to College at All? Is college worth it? Recently some powerful arguments have been leveled against the value of a college degree. For example, Dal
5、e J. Stephens, 20, the founder of UnCollege, which urges students to find their own pathways to success. Mr. Stephens spent his middle and high school years “unschooling“ , and then left college after a brief time there. Mr. Stephens envisions “a world where people make their own decisions“ , where
6、college is not a foregone conclusion and young people forge their own paths to fulfillment. We asked Mr. Stephens for his responses to the arguments most often given for going to college. Heres what he had to say. Reason 1: Learning in a rigorous, supported educational environment “ If you want to l
7、earn, college is the last place you should go,“ Mr. Stephens said. “ A lot of learning isnt happening on college campuses. “ That may sound surprising, given that college is virtually defined as an institution devoted to nourishing learning and intellectualism. Not true, Mr. Stephens said. “What you
8、 learn in college is generally the same skill set that you learn in a traditional school environment,“ he said. “ You learn how to follow directions, meet deadlines and memorize facts. “ Although college provides structure and resources for learning, “I dont know that structure is a good thing,“ he
9、said. “When you go out into the world, theres no structure like that. A job doesnt give you a syllabus. “ And he criticized the education system and standardized testing in particular for being “ efficient but not effective. “ His ideal is self-directed education on the principles of project-based l
10、earning, perhaps with the guidance of professors. Reason 2: Socializing and developing a network of friends and contacts Mr. Stephens said that many have advised him that hes missing out by not going to college, where, the rationale goes, he could be meeting women and drinking beer. His retort: “ I
11、like guys and Champagne. “ Underlying this frank answer is his conviction that the social world of college is a self-selecting, largely homogenous “bubble“. “ You might end up limiting yourself if you only socialize with people on your dorm floor and in your classes,“ he said. Campus population migh
12、t be diverse, he said, but “ people are still there for the same reason. “ In contrast, he said, unschooling has allowed him to actively seek opportunities to meet people who travel different walks in life. As for the value of making connections in college to nurture a professional network, people a
13、re increasingly using social media resources like Linkedln3, Twitter and Facebook to make connections, Mr. Stephens said. Reason 3: Self-discovery Many college graduates believe that they discovered themselves in their years on campus. But Mr. Stephens said the typical students lack of real responsi
14、bility, coupled with an emphasis on rote memorization and test taking, hampers true personal growth. Learners are better off spending early adulthood developing self-reliance, he said. Self-discovery might best be achieved doing something constructive, he argued, like creating a start-up. The idea o
15、f taking a gap year off from school to explore the world and find yourself angered him. “Why does it have to be a year off? Why cant it be a year on? Why should you have to take time out of the system to engage?“ he asked. 8 Classes at American College The year at an American college is divided into
16、 2 semesters or 3 quarters. Semesters are 15 weeks; quarters are 10 weeks. American college students usually attend school from September to May. Occasionally their academic pursuits extend into the summer. Students choose their classes a few weeks prior to the start of each term. Universities offer
17、 a great many classes in the students main area of study and in other areas as well. Students must take both. These include science, mathematics, computer, history and English. Other classes may be just for fun, like dance, theater or sports. Tests usually are given in the middle of the term and at
18、the end. The final examinations are extremely important. In some classes, the professor asks the students to write a research paper or complete a certain task instead of taking a test. Classes usually are organized through lectures. For example, a student may attend 2 or 3 lectures a week by the pro
19、fessor. As many as several hundred students sit at each lecture. Sometimes they also attend a smaller class to ask questions and discuss what the professor says. These small classes are taught by professors assistants. In science classes, students also have a long laboratory class each week. What do
20、 American students study at college? The US Department of Education says the most popular area of study is sciences and management. Next is social science, which encompasses history, sociology, literature, public relations and political science. English is another popular field of study. Then comes
21、computer science and health and life sciences like biology, chemistry and physics. Education is popular, too. Foreign languages are not popular as a main area of study among American college students. However, students at many colleges must study a language other than English before they can graduat
22、e. The most popular foreign language is Spanish, followed by French and German. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 9 你的知识、能力、修养、 智力都来源于受到这样的教育和培训。 10 很难说大学里什么科目最难；有人说是高等数学，还有人说是计算机科学，正所谓： “仁者见仁，智者见智。 ”
23、 11 这所学校的视听设备包括一套新的多媒体装置，能在教室里录音、录像。 12 据预测，今年全国毕业生的职位会增加 10 2。这是众多毕业生的福音。 13 专家表示，从开学第一天起，学生就该把大学看作职业生涯的开始，想想自己未来毕业时需要的技能，然后每年都学习一些，今后才能更容易地找到工作。 14 我们将着力推动义务教育均衡发展，加快发展现代职业教育 ，提高各级各类教育质量。 15 剑桥大学与中国 剑桥大学是具有 700多年历史的世界著名学府，曾培养出牛顿、培根、弥尔顿、拜伦、达尔文等对人类进步事业作出杰出贡献的伟大科学家、思想家和诗人。今天，剑桥大学作为获得诺贝尔奖获得者最多的大学，在世界高
24、等学府中依然居于显要的地位。 50多年前，在我上大学的那个年代，就有不少的中国年轻学子向往到剑桥负笈求学。剑桥大学与中国交往的历史，早在上个世纪之交就开始了。一百年前，剑桥大学开设了汉语课程。该校已故的李约瑟博士在中国学术界享有很高的声名。他倾注毕生 心血撰写的中国科学技术史，是一部研究中国古代科学技术和文明成就的鸿篇巨制。 100年来，许多中国学者不远万里到剑桥求学访问，中国杰出的数学家华罗庚就是其中最著名的代表。今天，中国学术界和剑桥大学继续保持着良好的交流与合作。这对加强中英人民的文化交流和友谊，推进科技和思想进步产生了积极的作用和影响。 16 大学与就业 金贾尔 -布塔妮似乎运气不错，
25、她目前在全球经济最热的国家的金融之都研读商业。但是，在孟买一所二流高校上学的她，对春天毕业时分享印度经济繁荣的成果不抱任何奢望。名牌高校的毕业生 可在高盛公司和微软公司找到年薪 10万美元的工作，但等着她的可能更多的是那种挨家挨户出售信用卡每天只挣 4美元的工作。 如果说布塔妮有错的话，错就错在她没能上印度最有名的高校，如印度管理学院和印度理工大学。那些上了名牌高校的人可以在华尔街和硅谷获得报酬丰厚的工作，可以加盟世界上最大的一些公司。 学生、教育家和商界领导人说，在这些名校的阴影下，在印度 1 8万所高校的1100万名学生中，大部分接受的都是低质量的教育，这种教育注重顺从，轻视受市场有用的技
26、能。 专家说，问题出在了课堂环境上，学生 们直到 20多岁了还在接受幼儿化教育方式的培训，强调默默记笔记和课堂纪律，而忽视了分析、辩论和说服能力的培养。 笔译三级实务（综合）模拟试卷 5答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 【正确答案】 四年的大学时光一转眼就过去了，因此充分利用大学的经历是至关重要的 。 【知识模块】 英译汉 2 【正确答案】 大学
27、是学习新事物的好机会，因为大学生还年轻，除了管好自己以外没什么别的责任，而且身边都是同龄的年轻人。 【知识模块】 英译汉 3 【正确答案】 爱丁堡大学的新调查表明， 12至 15岁的女孩比同年龄段的男孩更容易逃学。 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 在埃及，家长们成了教育改革的新动力，他们帮助改善教育体系，指导孩子选择学习专业。 【知识模块】 英译汉 5 【正确答案】 中层阶级的家长们往往不是很关心孩子是否顺从，倒是更 关注孩子学会自我约束。 【知识模块】 英译汉 6 【正确答案】 通宵达旦工作听似了不起，但实际上，你的大脑和肌体不能在巅峰状态运转，这是在浪费时间。 【知识模块】 英译汉
28、 7 【正确答案】 为什么非得上大学 ? 上大学真的值得吗 ?近来，大学文凭的价值受到不少人有力的驳斥。比如戴尔 -J-斯蒂芬斯，今年 20岁，他是 “不上大学 ”(UnCollege)组织的创办人，该组织敦促青年学生走自己的路去追求成功。斯蒂芬斯先生中学期间就拒绝学校教育，进入大学不久之后又选择辍学。 斯蒂 芬斯的理想世界是一个 “人人都能自己做决定的世界 ”，在这个世界里，上大学不是一成不变的定局，年轻人自己努力构筑通向成就的道路。 我们问斯蒂芬斯，对于大多数人主张的 “读大学的理由 ”，有什么想法。他是这样说的： 理由一：要在一个严肃、能获得支持的教育环境下学习 斯蒂芬斯说： “如果你想
29、学习，那么你最不该去的地方就是大学。很多东西在大学校园里是学不到的。 ” 鉴于大学几乎被定义为一个提供知识养分、促进智力发展的专门机构，斯蒂芬斯的观点可谓惊世骇俗。 斯蒂芬斯认为这个定义不正确。他 说： “你在大学里学到的技能和在传统学校环境里学到的并无二致 无非就是遵守各项指令，应对时间节点，死记硬背种种常识。 ” 尽管大学能为学生提供学习的框架和资源，斯蒂芬斯表示： “我不认为这种框架是好的。当你真的踏进社会，根本不存在这种框架。工作不会给你一份纲要。 ”他批评教育体制，尤其是标准化测试体系，效率虽高，但效果却不好。在他的理想中，学习应该是以自我指导为中心、基于一个个项目为形式的过程，教授
30、或许可以从旁指点一二。 理由二：参与社交活动、交朋友、建立人脉关系 斯蒂芬斯说很多人都曾善 意提醒他，不读大学会错过很多东西。他们的理由是读大学可以结识女人，畅饮啤酒。但他反驳道： “我喜欢男生，喜欢喝香槟。 ” 这个坦诚的回答背后是斯蒂芬斯的信念：大学这个社会是个自我选择的、在很大程度上同质的 “泡泡 ”。 斯蒂芬斯表示： “如果你只和住在宿舍同一楼层的伙伴以及自己班上的同学交往，那么你可能反而限制了自己的发展。 ”大学里的人虽然各不相同，但他认为 “读大学的理由是一样的。 ”反倒是因为不上学，才让他更积极地寻找机会去结识各个阶层的人们。 至于在大学里建立人际关系以期今后能拥有一个专业的 社
31、交圈子，斯蒂芬斯说现在人们大可以利用比如 “邻客音 ”、 “推特 ”、 “脸书 ”等社交媒介资源去建立人脉关系。 理由三：发现自我 很多大学毕业生都认为他们是在大学期间认清自己的。但是斯蒂芬斯认为，大学生缺失真正的责任感，加上只是侧重于死记硬背、应付考试，这种典型现象妨碍他们个人的真正成长。 按斯蒂芬斯的想法，学习者最好利用成年初期培养自力更生的精神。他认为，要认清自我，最好通过做一些建设性的工作，如自主创业。 “休学一年 ”去探索世界、发现自我，这想法让斯蒂芬斯心头冒火。他诘问： “为什 么得 休学一年 ?为什么这一年不算上学 ?为什么要从教育制度中抽出一年的时间来探索世界、发现自我 ?”
32、【知识模块】 英译汉 8 【正确答案】 美国大学的课程 在美国大学里，一学年常分为 2个学期或 3个学季。每学期为 15周，而每学季为 10周。美国大学生上课时间通常从 9月份到第二年的 5月份。有时在夏季他们也继续在校学习。 每学期开始前，学生提前几周选课。大学为学生的主修科目和辅修科目开设许多课程。大学生二者都必须选修。这些课程包括自然科学、数学、计算机、历史和英语。其他一些课程，如 舞蹈、戏剧或体育，仅为了娱乐。期中和期末一般要举行考试。期末考试尤为重要。有些课程不考试，教授让学生写论文或完成某项任务即可。 上课一般以讲课形式进行。例如，学生可以一周听教授讲课 2或 3次。每次讲课可多达
33、几百人。有时他们也上小课，提问题并讨论教授所讲内容。小课由助教来上。理科班学生每周还有一次很长的实验课。 美国学生在大学里学些什么呢 ?美国教育部说，最热门的专业是理科和管理。其次是社会科学，包括历史、社会学、文学、公共关系和政治学。英语也很吃香。接着是计算机科学、保健和生命科学，如生物学、化 学和物理。教育专业也受青睐。美国大学生读外语专业的人不多。然而许多大学的学生必须学一门英语以外的语言才能毕业。最热门的外语是西班牙语，其次是法语和德语。 【知识模块】 英译汉 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the
34、following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 9 【正确答案】 Your knowledge, abilities, character/ personality development, and mental powers (all) result from/ come from/ stem from such/ the education and training. 【知识模块】 汉译英 10 【正确答案】 It is difficult to pin down/ identify the mos
35、t challenging/ the toughest course in university. Some say “maths/ higher mathematics/ advanced mathematics“ while others single out/ point at computer science How true is the Chinese saying: “ Opinions differ from person to person/ Different people make different judgments“ ( So many people, so man
36、y opinions). 【知识模块】 汉译英 11 【正确答案】 The schools audio-visual equipment includes a new set of multi-media devices, which can record the sounds and images in the classroom. 【知识模块】 汉译英 12 【正确答案】 The number of jobs available (job vacancies) for graduates in the country is predicted to rise by 10. 2% this
37、year. Its good news for the graduates/ students. 【知识模块】 汉译英 13 【正确答案】 According to experts, from day one/ from the very beginning students should see the start of university as the start of their working life. Think of the skills you need to have when you graduate and then master some each year. Tha
38、t will make it easier for you to find/ land a job in the future. 【知识模块】 汉译英 14 【正确答案】 We should boost balanced development of compulsory/ obligatory education, accelerate development of modern vocational education, and raise the quality of education of all types and at all levels. 【知识模块】 汉译英 15 【正确答
39、案】 Cambridge University and China Cambridge University is a world-renowned university with a history of more than 700 years. It has nurtured great scientists, thinkers and poets such as Newton, Bacon, Milton, Byron and Darwin, who made outstanding contributions to the progress of mankind. Today, Cam
40、bridge University, which has produced more Nobel Prize winners than any other university, still takes a significant place among all the institutions of higher learning in the world. Over fifty years ago when I was a university student, many young Chinese students were longing for an opportunity to s
41、tudy in Cambridge. This university began its contacts with China as early as the beginning of the last century. A hundred years ago, Cambridge started the Chinese language course. The late Dr. Joseph Needham of Cambridge University enjoyed high prestige in the Chinese academic circles. He devoted hi
42、s life to the writing of Science and Civilization in China, a monumental work on ancient Chinese science and technology and cultural achievements. For 100 years, many Chinese scholars, best represented by Mr. Hua Luogeng, an outstanding Chinese mathematician, have traveled long distances to study in
43、 Cambridge. Today, the Chinese academic community still maintains exchanges and cooperation with Cambridge. This has played a positive role in and exerted a sound influence on enhanced cultural relations between the Chinese and British people and progress in science and technology as well as in thin
44、king. 【知识模块】 汉译英 16 【正确答案】 Universities and Employment It would seem a good time for Kinjal Bhuptani. She is a college student studying business in the financial capital of one of the hottest economies on earth. But she has no illusions of sharing in Indias (economic) prosperity when she graduates f
45、rom a second-rate college in Mumbai this spring. While graduates/ those from best-known universities find/ land $ 100, 000-a-year jobs at Goldman Sachs and Microsoft, she is more likely to make $ 4 a day (by) selling credit cards door to door (from door to door). Bhuptanis mistake, if you can call i
46、t that (if any), was not getting into one of Indias most famous/ privileged/ elite/ selected universities like the Indian Institute of Management or Indian Institute of Technology. Those (who are) admitted go on to enjoy well-paid jobs/ handsome paychecks on Wall Street and in Silicon Valley, and to
47、 join some of the worlds largest companies. In the shadow of (Dwarfed by) those famous institutions, of the 11 million students in the 18, 000 colleges and universities in India, most receive inferior training, heavy on obedience/ obeisance and light on marketable skills, students, educators and bus
48、iness leaders say. The problem, experts say, lies in (rests with) a classroom environment that treats more than 20-year-old students as babies (infantilizes students well into their mid-20s), emphasizing silent note-taking and discipline at the expense of analysis, debate and persuasion. 【知识模块】 汉译英
