1、考博英语模拟试卷 140及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Music and literature, the two temporal arts, contrive their pattern of sounds in time; or, in other words of sounds and pauses. Communication may be made in broken words, the business of life be carried on with substantives alone; but that is not what we
2、 call literature; and the true business of the literary artist is to plait or weave his meaning, involving it around itself; so that each sentence, by successive phrases, shall first come into a kind of knot, and then, after a moment of suspended meaning, solve and clear itself. In every properly co
3、nstructed sentence there should be observed this knot or hitch; so that (however delicately) we are led to foresee, to expect, and then to welcome the successive phrases. The pleasure may be heightened by an element of surprise, as, very grossly, in the common figure of the antithesis, or, with much
4、 greater subtlety, where an antithesis is first suggested and then deftly evaded. Each phrase, besides, is to be comely in itself; and between the implication and the evolution of the sentence there should be a satisfying equipoise of sound; for nothing more often disappoints the ear than a sentence
5、 solemnly and sonorously prepared, and hastily and weakly finished. Nor should the balance be too striking and exact, for the one rule is to be infinitely various; to interest, to disappoint, to surprise, and yet still to gratify; to be ever changing, as it were, the stitch, and yet still to give th
6、e effect of an ingenious neatness. 1 According to the author, great literature depends on its _. （ A） meaning （ B） sound （ C） ideas （ D） balance 2 The author calls music and literature “the two temporal arts“ because they _. （ A） are not lasting （ B） are both used in temples （ C） are both based on a
7、ntithesis （ D） depend on time patterns 3 The function of the literary artist is to _. （ A） communicate with the reader （ B） carry on the business of life （ C） provide a knot and stitch （ D） present his ideas attractively 4 Antithesis is a means of securing _. （ A） surprise （ B） subtlety （ C） comelin
8、ess （ D） balance 5 The author believes that the enjoyment of literature comes from _. （ A） shock （ B） an anticipation of phrases （ C） the originality of the thought （ D） rhythmic sound 5 Jamess first novels used conventional narrative techniques: explicit characterization, action which related event
9、s in distinctly phased sequences, settings firmly outlined and specifically described. But this method gradually gave way to a subtler, more deliberate, more diffuse style of accumulation of minutely discriminated details whose total significance the reader can grasp only by constant attention and s
10、ensitive inference. His later novels play down scenes of abrupt and prominent action, and do not so much offer a succession of sharp shocks as slow piecemeal additions of perception. The curtain is not suddenly drawn back from shrouded things, but is slowly moved away. Such a technique is suited to
11、Jamess essential subject, which is not human action itself but the states of mind which produce and are produced by human actions and interactions. James was less interested in what characters do, than in the moral and psychological antecedents, realizations, and consequences which attend their doin
12、gs. This is why he more often speaks of “eases“ than of actions. His stories, therefore, grow more and more lengthy while the actions they relate grow simpler and less visible; not because they are crammed with adventitious and secondary events, digressive relief, or supernumerary characters, as ove
13、rstuffed novels of action are; but because he presents in such exhaustive detail every nuance of his situation. Commonly the interest of a novel is in the variety and excitement of visible actions building up to a climatic event which will settle the outward destinies of characters with story-book p
14、romise of permanence. A James novel, however, possesses its characteristic interest in carrying the reader through a rich analysis of the mental adjustments of characters to the realities of their personal situations as they are slowly revealed to them through exploration and chance discovery. 6 The
15、 title below that best expresses the main idea of the passage is _. （ A） Conventional Narrative Techniques （ B） The Psychological Novel （ C） Evolution of Manner from Matter （ D） Drawing Back the Curtain 7 James was primarily interested in _. （ A） telling an exciting story （ B） capturing a setting （
16、C） analyzing the mental adjustments of his characters （ D） describing the behavior of Americans in Europe 8 James later novels differ from his earlier works in that they _. （ A） show specifically described settings （ B） are full of action （ C） are less lengthy （ D） analyze the states of mind of his
17、characters 9 Most of the fiction James read as a boy was probably _. （ A） indefinite （ B） easily misunderstood （ C） slow-moving （ D） strongly plotted 10 James later novels may be characterized as _. （ A） detective stories （ B） horror stories （ C） being dull （ D） psychological novels 10 Near the begi
18、nning of Goethes career, when his enthusiasm for Shakespeare was at once the excitement of new discovery and a reflection of the championship of the human spirit in opposition to the formalities of Neoclassicism, be happened upon the autobiography of Gotz yon Berlichingen, a sixteenth-century robber
19、 knight who represented himself as a defender of justice and righteousness in the midst of treacherous and Machiavellian princes and nobles. Inspired by these idealistic sentiments, by the new patriotic spirit, and by a strong Rousseauistic conviction in regard to the goodness of the natural instinc
20、ts of man, Goethe attempted to imitate Shakespeares use of historical characters by writing a play about a rather obscure figure in German history. Creating an authentic sixteenth-century background, Goethe also projects something of the Sturm und Drang sentiments of revolt as the rebellious hero fi
21、ghts against the treachery and meanness of his age. The play is loosely organized and often uncertain in its direction. Its fifty-eight scenes, tragic and comic, are a deliberate flouting of time-honored principles of good dramatic structure. But it bas all the feeling of restless violence associate
22、d with the Sturm und Drang period. Gotz rebels and takes the peasants side against the artificialities and venality of a clerical court. Weisslingen is perverted and then destroyed by associates who are incapable of society, society wins; but the applause goes to the victims, and their martyrdom is
23、an inspiration for all mankind. Goethe knew that nobility of spirit is as rare as intelligence or force of character; hence be was no democrat. The peasants should have a master, but good leadership should exist for the benefit, not the exploitation, of the people. 11 Goethe was no democrat, because
24、 _. （ A） he felt that the peasants needed a master （ B） he believed that good character was rare （ C） in his play, corrupt society wins （ D） he supported a robber knight 12 Goethe was not inspired by _. （ A） Shakespeare （ B） neoclassicism （ C） Rousseau （ D） Sturm und Drang sentiments 13 The fifty-ei
25、ght scenes make the play _. （ A） too long （ B） well organized （ C） an illustration of good dramatic structure （ D） lose a sense of direction 14 Goethe learned about Gotz von Berlichingen by reading _. （ A） Shakespeare （ B） Rousseau （ C） an autobiography （ D） Weisslingen 15 A clerical court is made o
26、f _. （ A） clerks （ B） the clergy （ C） venal individuals （ D） high-ranking nobility 15 In most corners of the world malnutrition is plainly a matter of outright insufficiency of food for the population-where the majority of the people do not obtain enough food calories to meet minimal needs for suppo
27、rt of physical work and for maintenance of health. Elsewhere the problem may be not one of insufficient, calories but of lack of specific nutrients essential for health. In Latin America, as in other places, the dread protein deficiency disease kwashiorkor is taking its heavy toll of childrens lives
28、. Strategic vitamins and minerals may be lacking due to traditional diets which are nutritionally imbalanced. Here people continue their eating pattern year after year without knowledge of that their dietary habits are doing to themselves and to future generations. With a basic knowledge of nutritio
29、nal needs and deficiencies, efforts could be directed to finding food substitutes which could meet these needs. Mixtures of vegetable proteins, like soybeans and peanuts, could provide an abundance of cheap, useful protein where meat, eggs, and milk are not within economic reach of large groups in t
30、he population. Efforts could also be expended on increasing the agricultural productivity in specific regions; where large areas are given over to relatively inefficient use as grazing land, the intensive production of vegetable protein crops could bring remedial nutrition to an undernourished popul
31、ation. Elsewhere, enrichment with specific vitamins and minerals of traditional staple foods that are deficient in essential nutritive factors could wipe out disabling deficiency diseases, like beriberi or pellagra, almost overnight. Similarly, addition of minute amounts of inexpensive iodine to sal
32、t could benefit large areas where endemic goiter has been accepted as an integral part of life for generations. 16 Cheap protein substitutes for milk, eggs, and meat _. （ A） may be obtained from vitamins and minerals （ B） are being sought by scientists （ C） can be gotten from soybeans （ D） can be fo
33、und in iodized salt 17 The peanut is _. （ A） inedible （ B） of little nutritional value （ C） difficult to grow （ D） a source of protein 18 The major cause of malnutrition in the world is lack of _. （ A） protein （ B） vitamins （ C） minerals （ D） food 19 Kwashiorkor _. （ A） is especially harmful to chil
34、dren （ B） resembles beriberi （ C） is caused by starvation （ D） affects adults only 20 The title that best expresses the main idea of this passage is _. （ A） Science and Agriculture （ B） Eliminating Starvation （ C） Improving Our Diet （ D） Combating Malnutrition 二、 Structure and Vocabulary 21 The rabb
35、i was deep in _ about the problems of his congregation. （ A） meditation （ B） reflection （ C） conception （ D） retrospection 22 The doctor promised that this medicine would _ the pain in the stomach. （ A） affirm （ B） agitate （ C） alleviate （ D） allocate 23 The apartment was _ at $ 20,000 and its owner
36、 was happy about that. （ A） assaulted （ B） assessed （ C） asserted （ D） avenged 24 In this age, education is considered an important key to success and minority groups especially are _ to better themselves by going to college. （ A） encouraging （ B） persuading （ C） persisting （ D） striving 25 The _ of
37、 his first novel appeared in The Times yesterday; no doubt he was very happy to see that. （ A） survey （ B） inspection （ C） appraisal （ D） review 26 After the concert, the clean-up crew found the ground _ with papers, bottles and cans. （ A） scrubbed （ B） scattered （ C） littered （ D） dispersed 27 The
38、new policy has _ a large amount of investment for industry and business in this city. （ A） acquainted （ B） adhered （ C） activated （ D） asserted 28 The two countries were fighting severely to _ every inch of the land, （ A） intervene （ B） contest （ C） imperil （ D） inhabit 29 They _ for an early end to
39、 the fighting which had brought about a great loss to the city. （ A） petitioned （ B） reasoned （ C） reckoned （ D） rebuked 30 To write a summary effectively, you will need to _ words for phrases, and phrases for sentences. （ A） convert （ B） complement （ C） substitute （ D） design 31 From what he said a
40、t the court, we can _ that Steve had stolen the car. （ A） infect （ B） impress （ C） infer （ D） suggest 32 The items contained in the parcel dont correspond _ those on the list that accompanied it. （ A） against （ B） for （ C） from （ D） with 33 It was clear that the storm _ his arrival by two hours. （ A
41、） retarded （ B） retrieved （ C） refrained （ D） retreated 34 In order to help the students get a better understanding of the new conception, the professor _ it with many examples. （ A） enchanted （ B） dissipated （ C） eliminated （ D） illustrated 35 When two people feel the same way about each other, the
42、ir feelings are _. （ A） habitual （ B） mutual （ C） relevant （ D） equivalent 36 The professor gave _ instructions for carrying out the research project. （ A） explicit （ B） formidable （ C） afflictive （ D） dominant 37 A few simple _ to this plan would greatly improve it. （ A） demands （ B） modifications
43、（ C） modulations （ D） assessments 38 Cigarette smoking is a major health _ and may result in your death. （ A） hazard （ B） fault （ C） mistake （ D） shortcoming 39 You can rely on Mr. Smith to carry out this mission for his judgment is always _. （ A） unquestionable （ B） healthy （ C） sound （ D） subtle 4
44、0 What _ did they employ when they selected this picture as the prizewinner? （ A） criterion （ B） regulation （ C） way （ D） test 41 Paul and John work on _ days. （ A） altering （ B） alternative （ C） alterable （ D） alternate 42 The doctor assured her that the pain would _. （ A） wear off （ B） go off （ C）
45、 die off （ D） get off 43 His colleagues were envious _ his promotion. （ A） by （ B） of （ C） with （ D） to 44 If you take this medicine twice a day it should _ your cold. （ A） heal （ B） cure （ C） treat （ D） recover 45 He quickly _ behind the building to avoid being hurt by the stones thrown in his dire
46、ction. （ A） ducked （ B） evaded （ C） escaped （ D） dodged 46 His dislike of the course may prove to be a _ barrier he cannot overcome. （ A） biological （ B） ideological （ C） spiritual （ D） psychological 47 As the Cup Final was drawing closer, the injury of the best player was a _ for the whole team. （
47、A） misdemeanor （ B） mistrust （ C） misfortune （ D） mischief 48 The best solution to the problem can only be found by a process of trial and _. （ A） error （ B） mistake （ C） success （ D） experiment 49 Today, housework has been made much easier by electrical _. （ A） appliances （ B） facilities （ C） instr
48、uments （ D） equipments 50 When he lived in that remote place, radio was the only means be had to keep _ of current events in the country. （ A） account （ B） trace （ C） record （ D） track 三、 Cloze 50 Many instructors believe that an informal, relaxed classroom environment is conducive to learning and i
49、nnovation. It is not uncommon for students to【 51】easygoing and friendly relationships with their professors. The casual professor is not necessarily a poor【 52】 and is still【 53】 by students.【 54】 students may be in a subordinate position, some professors treat them as【 55】【 56】 , no matter how egalitarian professors would like
