1、考博英语模拟试卷 46及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 It seemed to me, and still does, that the system of American business often produces wrong, immoral and irresponsible decisions, even though the personal morality of the people running the businesses is often above reproach. The system has a different mor
2、ality as a group than the people do as individuals, which permits it to willfully produce ineffective or dangerous products, deal dictatorially and often unfairly with suppliers, pay bribes for business, abrogate the rights of employees by demanding blind loyalty to management or tamper with the dem
3、ocratic process of government through illegal political contributions. I am not a psychologist, so I cant offer a professional opinion on what happens to the freedom of individual minds when they are blended into the group management through process of business. But my private analysis is this: mora
4、lity has to do with people. If an action is hewed primarily from the perspective of its effect on people, it is put into the moral realm. Business in America, however, is impersonal. This is particularly true of large American multi-national corporations. They are viewed by their employees and publi
5、cs as faceless. They have no personality. The ultimate measure of success and failure of these businesses is not their effect on people but rather their earnings per share of stock. If earnings are high, the business is considered good. If they are low or in the red ink, it is considered a failure.
6、The first question to greet any business proposal is how will it effect profits? People do not enter the equation of a business decisions except to the extent that the effect on them will hurt or enhance earnings per share. In such a completely impersonal context, business decisions of questionable
7、personal morality are easily justified. The unwavering devotion to the bottom line brings this about, and the American public until now has been more than willing to accept this. When someone is forced into early retirement in a management power-play or supplier is cheated out of sale by under-the-t
8、able dealings, the public reaction is generally, “Oh, well. Thats business.“ And managements reaction is often, “its whats on the bottom line that counts.“ A person who shoots and kills an other is sentenced to life in prison. A business man who makes a defective product which kills people may get a
9、 nominal fine or a verbal slap on the hands, ff he is ever brought to trial at all. 1 In the authors view, if an American business makes an immoral decision as a group, the man aging individuals _. （ A） may be excused from trial （ B） are often above reproach （ C） may differ in interpreting morality
10、（ D） should not escape responsibility 2 What American business often do to the government is to _. （ A） influence its administration （ B） contribute towards government democracy （ C） act in the governments name （ D） collaborate with government for the bottom line 3 From the passage we may well under
11、stand that the author _. （ A） appeals relentlessly to the law court for justice （ B） finds personal morality sometimes questionable （ C） knows much about immoral dealings of American businesses （ D） regards profit-making as a businesss primary goal 4 The public attitude towards immoral business deci
12、sions is generally _. （ A） tolerant （ B） indignant （ C） indifferent （ D） supportive 5 “A verbal slap on the hands“ in the last sentence may be interpreted as _. （ A） punishment done physically but mildly （ B） punishment carried out without delay （ C） no punishment in fact （ D） a contradiction to the
13、 law 5 The official logo of the Information Awareness Office, the Pentagons secretive new terrorist-detection experiment, isnt subtle. A picture of the globe, under the watchful gaze of that spooky pyramid on the dollar bill, the one with the all-seeing eye of God at the top underlining that, the pr
14、ojects motto: SCIENTLA EST POTENTLA (knowledge is power). All in all, not a bad description of the offices loftyand controversialambition. Quietly created after the September 11 attacks, the offices Total Information Awareness project aims to enable federal investigators to engage in a kind of super
15、 “data mining“inventing software to trawl through commercial and government computer databases in search of suspicious patterns that might indicate terror plans. The 911 hijackers, for instance, enrolled in flight schools, rented apartments, used credit cards and bought airline together. The details
16、 of all these transactions were routinely stored in various companies computers. The Feds argue that if they had had the ability to scan the computers that logged the terrorists movements and purchases, they might have been able to connect the dots between the men. Yet from the day the research prog
17、ram was launched at the start of the year, it has been the target of intense suspicion, from both right and left. In order to identify possibly conspiratorial behavior by a few individuals, the computers would have to sift through the personal information of millions of innocent peoplewithout their
18、knowledge or consent. Potentially, the government could keep track of what you buy, whom you call, where you traveljust by tapping into the flies that various businesses already keep on you. Advocates insist safeguards will be built into any search system, but critics are not reassured. “Put the pie
19、ces together, and you could build a capability to track the city-to-city movements of any citizen,“ says the ACLUs Katie Corrigan. The projects PR hasnt been helped by the fact that its leader is retired Navy Adm. John Poindexter, best known for his part in the Iran-contra affair. Poindexter was con
20、victed of lying to Congress about the Reagan administrations plan to divert profits from Iranian arms sales to fund the Nicaraguan rebels. His conviction was later overturned, but that doesnt mollify those worried about his return to power at the helm of such a sweeping program. Defense Secretary Do
21、nald Rumsfeld brusquely waved off the criticism. “I would recommend people take a nice deep breath,“ he said. “Nothing terrible is going to happen.“ But on Capitol Hill Democrats and some Republicans-including retiring House Majority Leader Dick Armeyare concerned that the project is part of a wider
22、 White House strategy to erode civil liberties in pursuit of security. (A court recently granted the government expanded surveillance powers.) They are especially irritated that they knew nothing about the $10 million experiment, since the Pentagon quietly buried it under “technology development“ in
23、 the Defense bill. Now theyre demanding greater scrutiny. Democratic Sen Dianne Feinstein says she wants to freeze the programs funding until Congress can hold hearings. Poindexter may net be able to ignore the rumblings. “He forgot the question you always ask,“ says one Pentagon official. “How woul
24、d this look on the front page tomorrow?“ 6 Which of the following statements about the Total Information Awareness project is Not mentioned in tile passage? （ A） The project enable the Feds to identify every terror plan （ B） The project was created after the September 11 attacks （ C） The project has
25、 been the target of intense suspicion （ D） The project is headed by Iran-contras Poindexter 7 Which of the following may replace the phrase “trawl through“(Line4, Para. 2)? （ A） Keep track of （ B） Sift through （ C） Store in （ D） Sap into 8 Whats the purpose of this passage? （ A） To introduce the mai
26、n purpose of the project to the readers （ B） To express the authors opposition to the project （ C） To appeal to the public to fight against the project （ D） To inform the readers of the controversy over the project 9 Why are Democrats and some Republicans concerned that the project will erode civil
27、Liberties? （ A） Because people worry about Poindexters return to power at the helm of such a program （ B） Because people would not know or agree when the Feds trawl through their information （ C） Because people know nothing about the $10 million experiment of the Information Awareness office （ D） Be
28、cause people argue if they can scan the computers that logged the terrorists movement 10 Which of the following may summarize the main idea of this passage? （ A） Iran-contras Poindexter heads the Pentagons new terrorist-alert program （ B） The Pentagon plans to eyeball Americas databases （ C） The Pen
29、tagons new terrorist-detection project is drawing fire （ D） White House is going to erode civil liberties 二、 Cloze 10 A the incidence of mesothelioma is extremely low B which may extend from 25 to 30 year after initial exposure C whereas the latter consist of a collection of fluid in the chest regio
30、n outside the lungs D on the other hand, are exclusively associated with exposure to the less harmful white asbestos E suspect that exposure to even minimal levels of asbestos is unacceptable F causing scarring which limits the functioning of the lungs G resulting from inadequate ventilation H devel
31、op the barrel-shaped chests associated with emphysema 肺气肿 (where the skin assumes a bluish color) and club fingers The inhalation of asbestos particles is associated with a number of lung diseases, such as asbestosis and lung cancer. Asbestosis is caused by the entry of asbestos particles into the w
32、alls of the alveoli, 【 B1】 _ . The lung loses its elasticity and may change shape. The initial symptoms of asbestosis are a tightness in the chest and breathlessness. In its later stages, sufferers 【 B2】 _ . Lung cancer, the genetic term for malignant tumors of the alveoli and bronchial tubes, has b
33、een shown to be directly related to the inhalation of asbestos particles. As in the case of asbestosis, there is generally a period of latency 【 B3】 _ , despite the absence of further exposure. Research suggests that there is a direct correlation between the degree of exposure to asbestos and the in
34、cidence of lung cancers. Where exposure occurs, the level of risk is further increased by cigarette smoking. Asbestos workers who smoke cigarettes have a 90% greater risks of contracting lung cancer than workers who do not smoke. Exposure to blue asbestos has been shown to produce mesothelioma, a ra
35、re cancer of the outer lining of the lung or pleura. In a normal population 【 B4】 _ . Where epidemiological surveys have revealed a higher incidence of the disease, it is almost always related to asbestos exposure. 11 【 B1】 _ 12 【 B2】 _ 13 【 B3】 _ 14 【 B4】 _ 三、 Structure and Vocabulary 15 ExxonMobil
36、 has spent Dollars 3.5bn on the clean-up, environmental _ and compensation, voluntarily paying Dollars 300m to more than 11,000 affected Alaskans. （ A） rehabilitation （ B） purity （ C） defilement （ D） affection 16 Today this city is a highly skilled society without the urban sprawl and rural poverty
37、that usually _ larger nations. （ A） conflict （ B） dissert （ C） afflict （ D） dissemble 17 Although the two companies talked about how little _. there is between them, they still expect to eliminate about 10000 positions from among a combined work force of 140,000 after their mergence. （ A） overlap （
38、B） combination （ C） congregation （ D） inundation 18 It is true that Matviyenkos heading of the campaign would _ certain staffing shuffles in the leadership, and now only a few members of the company were in the know. （ A） concur （ B） convoke （ C） entail （ D） alternate 19 It is said that something wa
39、s _ way back when Enron CEO Jeffrey William departed the company only six months after being elevated to the post from CFO, but the president denied it last night. （ A） acquisitive （ B） amiss （ C） allusive （ D） tentative 20 Movies are often held up as either the paragons or pariahs of our society at
40、 large; towering achievements on the one hand and endless _ on the other. （ A） wallows （ B） accomplishments （ C） awards （ D） extravagance 21 Permission to build the factory has been delayed by the complex _ between industrial and environmental interests. （ A） interplay （ B） collaboration （ C） concur
41、rence （ D） attribution 22 Rescue teams from all over the world _ on the earthquake-stricken area after the news spread that the quake, which measured 7.9 on the Richter scale, had claimed a toll of 15,000 lives. （ A） diversified （ B） disseminated （ C） converged （ D） accelerated 23 In the past few ye
42、ars, the little land-bound country had been _ mercilessly by financial crises. （ A） deviated （ B） expedited （ C） decimated （ D） buffeted 24 Many doubt if the Internet, television, advanced communications or instant food will make our country a _ society anytime soon. （ A） discriminated （ B） endanger
43、ed （ C） construed （ D） homogenized 25 The Federal Communications Commission made an effort to prevent a single giant company from _. competition in the market. （ A） entering （ B） evading （ C） squelching （ D） circumventing 26 It was exciting to see such a movie for first time, but we soon became _ wh
44、en our TV was flooded with programs of like-kind. （ A） overflowed （ B） overwhelmed （ C） undigested （ D） jaded 27 Fame happened almost overnight for the 25-year-old actress, but she has become _ by all the recent media attention and now she has got quite used to her life. （ A） perturbed （ B） unfazed
45、（ C） frustrated （ D） dissuaded 28 According to the recent census, under-18s _ nearly 95% of the single children in Chinese families. （ A） compose （ B） institute （ C） prescribe （ D） constitute 29 Modem plant breading is largely based on planned hybridization combined with _ selection to speed up the
46、evolution of new varieties. （ A） stringent （ B） stem （ C） emergent （ D） austere 30 The poor couple _ every night over the decision to send their sons to school and keeping their only daughter at home to help with fainting work. （ A） agonized （ B） descended （ C） abated （ D） evacuated 31 Nowadays more
47、 and more people are interested in arranging time for exercises and _ to release the stress caused by the fast pace and pressure of their lives. （ A） meditation （ B） registration （ C） mediation （ D） illumination 32 The attempt and offer to carry out cloning experiment on human being is blameworthy a
48、nd can hardly find any _ among the public not only in our country but also in most of the countries in the world. （ A） conscience （ B） consensus （ C） sensation （ D） discord 33 That prospect has infuriated ordinary Mexicans, who have seen the purchasing power of their paychecks _ more than 40% since
49、1982. （ A） extract （ B） contaminate （ C） erode （ D） rust 34 The government has to decide whether cost or concern for the environment should take _ when choosing the route for the new road crossing the well known scenic spot. （ A） solution （ B） sight （ C） intellect （ D） precedence 四、 English-Chinese Translation 35 On a cold and rainy day last February, Bruce Alberts wore a grim expressio
