1、考博英语模拟试卷 97及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Despite his _ as a trouble-maker, he was promoted to department manger. （ A） repetition （ B） repression （ C） reputation （ D） representation 2 It was obvious that she and her husband were _ and she wished shed never married him. （ A） insolvable （ B） ins
2、ensible （ C） inseparable （ D） incompatible 3 The new law allows you to _ payment if you think a bill is incorrect. （ A） withhold （ B） withdraw （ C） wither （ D） withstand 4 It was a real _ when Susan came back from her vacation and told us she had married a local waiter. （ A） comfort （ B） shock （ C）
3、attack （ D） impact 5 To celebrate the national day, there was a _ fireworks display. （ A） specific （ B） spectacular （ C） speculative （ D） specialistic 6 During the 19th century, Jews in most European countries achieved some equality of status with non-Jews. Nonetheless, at times Jews were harassed b
4、y anti-Semitic groups. （ A） opposed （ B） exploited （ C） despised （ D） annoyed 7 A corps of so-called barefoot doctors are trained in hygiene, preventive medicine, acupuncture, and routine treatment of common diseases. （ A） nutrition （ B） sanitation （ C） nursery （ D） welfare 8 Brazilian music is thor
5、oughly imbued with African themes, and illustrious composers have long found inspiration in the black musical heritage. （ A） imaginative （ B） sensitive （ C） distinguished （ D） persistent 9 The Social Security Act did not include health insurance because the commission considered that its inclusion w
6、ould jeopardize the passage of the act. （ A） evade （ B） endanger （ C） exclude （ D） enhance 10 Ideally, anatomical investigation consists of a combination of descriptive and experimental approaches. Present-day anatomy involves scrutiny of the structure of organisms at many levels of observation. （ A
7、） analysis （ B） recognition （ C） evaluation （ D） examination 11 Not until the advent of histochemistry could the anatomist see through the microscope ceils which carry specific enzymes or gauge how active these enzymes are in different ceils under various conditions. （ A） discern （ B） grasp （ C） mea
8、sure （ D） estimate 12 The prevailing wind is the wind direction most often observed during a given time period. Wind speed is the rate at which the air moves past a stationary object. （ A） motionless （ B） massive （ C） flexible （ D） noticeable 13 Britain occupied Java during the Napoleonic Wars. Both
9、 the British and later the Dutch tried to centralize and reform Javas administration. The Dutch wavered between opening the area to individual enterprise and reverting to a monopoly system. （ A） resolved （ B） reckoned （ C） hesitated （ D） discriminated 14 Although diverse, African music has certain d
10、istinctive traits, one of which is the use of repetition as an organizing principle. （ A） benefits （ B） features （ C） notions （ D） options 15 The advertising industry has resorted to self-regulation in a serious effort to curtail not only bad taste but also misrepresentation and deception in copy an
11、d illustrations. （ A） avert （ B） deny （ C） exclude （ D） reduce 16 The chief functions of direct-mail advertising are to familiarize prospective buyers with a product, its name, its maker, and its merits and with the products local distributors. （ A） potential （ B） responsive （ C） inquisitive （ D） pe
12、rceptive 17 Australia began to assume its modern configuration by the Eocene Epoch, some 50 million years ago, when Antarctica broke away and drifted southward. （ A） status （ B） sphere （ C） shape （ D） situation 18 Education in Russia and the other new countries faces especially daunting obstacles be
13、cause the struggling economies of these nations often provide insufficient funds for education. （ A） stunning （ B） discouraging （ C） concerning （ D） prevailing 19 Admiral Cervera knew he was being ordered to certain destruction but felt compelled to obey. He chose the morning of July 3 for a gallant
14、 escape attempt. （ A） daring （ B） futile （ C） critical （ D） fruitful 20 The Second Hague Disarmament Conference of 1907 was marked more by discord than discourse, a sign of the deteriorating world situation. （ A） facilitating （ B） upgrading （ C） justifying （ D） worsening 二、 Reading Comprehension 20
15、When, in the age of automation, man searches for a worker to do the tedious, unpleasant jobs that are impossible to mechanize, he may very profitably consider the ape. If we tackled the problem of breeding for brains with as much as enthusiasm as we devote to breeding dogs of surrealistic shapes, we
16、 could eventually produce assorted models of useful primates, ranging in size from the gorilla down to the baboon, each adapted to a special kind of work. It is not putting too much strain on the imagination to assume that geneticists could produce a super-ape, able to understand some scores of word
17、s, and capable of being trained for such jobs as picking fruit, cleaning up the litter in parks, shining shoes, collecting garbage, doing household chores, and even baby-sitting (though I have known some babies I would not care to trust with a valuable ape). Apes could do many jobs, such as cleaning
18、 streets and the more repetitive types of agricultural work, without supervision, though they might need protection from those exceptional specimens of Homo sapiens who think it amusing to tease or bully anything they consider lower on the evolutionary ladder. For other tasks, such as delivering pap
19、ers and laboring on the docks, our man-ape would have to work under human overseers; and, incidentally, I would love to see the finale of the twenty-first century version of On the Waterfront in which the honest but hairy hero will drum on his chest after literally taking the wicked labor leader apa
20、rt. Once a supply of nonhuman workers becomes available, a whole range of low IQ jobs could be thankfully relinquished by mankind, to its great mental and physical advantage. What is more, one of the problems which has plagued so many fictional Utopias would be avoided. There would be none of the de
21、gradingly subhuman Epsilons of Huxleys Brave New World to act as a permanent reproach to society, for there is a profound moral difference between breeding sub-men and super-apes, though the end products are much the same. The first would introduce a form of slavery, the second would be a biological
22、 triumph which could benefit both men and animals. 21 In the authors opinion, the idea that geneticists could produce a super-ape is _. （ A） irrational （ B） plausible （ C） biologically impossible （ D） demonstrably true 22 The type of job an ape could do without supervision would be one which is _. （
23、 A） repetitive （ B） mechanized （ C） unusual （ D） intricate 23 A problem that has plagued some fictional Utopias is _. （ A） creation of super-apes （ B） the necessity of breeding super-humans （ C） the necessity of breeding subhumans （ D） the degradation of beasts 24 The author of this article is _. （
24、A） revealing his low opinion of mankind （ B） poking fun at geneticists （ C） expressing his doubts about the possibility of breeding a super-ape （ D） presenting a reasonable theory in a humorous tone 24 As one works with color in a practical or experimental way, one is impressed by two apparently unr
25、elated facts. Color as seen is a mobile changeable thing depending to a large extent on the relationship of the color to other colors seen simultaneously. It is not fixed in its relation to the direct stimulus which creates it. On the other hand, the properties of surfaces that give rise to color do
26、 not seem to change greatly under a wide variety of illumination colors, usually (but not always) looking much the same in artificial light as in daylight. Both of these effects seem to be due in large part to the mechanism of color adaptation mentioned earlier. When the eye is fixed on a colored ar
27、ea, there is an immediate readjustment of the sensitivity of the eye to color in and around the area viewed. This readjustment does not immediately affect the color seen but usually does affect the next area to which the gaze is shifted. The longer the time of viewing, the higher the intensity, and
28、the larger the area, the greater the effect will be in terms of its persistence in the succeeding viewing situation. As indicated by the work of Wright and Schouten, it appears that, at least for a first approximation, full adaptation takes place over a very brief time if the adapting source is mode
29、rately bright and the eye has been in relative darkness just previously. As the stimulus is allowed to act, however, the effect becomes more persistent in the sense that it takes the eye longer to regain its sensitivity to lower intensities. The net result is that, if the eye is so exposed and then
30、the gaze is transferred to an area of lower intensity, the loss of sensitivity produced by the first area will still be present and appear as an “afterimage“ superimposed on the second. The effect not only is present over the actual area causing the “local adaptation“ but also spreads with decreasin
31、g strength to adjoining areas of the eye to produce “lateral adaptation.“ Also, because of the persistence of the effect if the eye is shifted around from one object to another, all of which are at similar brightness or have similar colors, the adaptation will tend to become uniform over the whole e
32、ye. 25 This selection is concerned primarily with _. （ A） the adaptation of the eye to color （ B） the color of colors （ C） the properties of colored surfaces （ D） the effect of changes in color intensity 26 Whether a colored object would, on two viewings separated in time, appear to the viewer as si
33、milar or different would depend mostly on _. （ A） the color mechanism of the eye in use at the time of each viewing （ B） what kind of viewing had immediately preceded each of the viewings （ C） the properties of the surfaces viewed （ D） the individuals power of lateral adaptation 27 If a persons eye
34、has been looking at an object in bright sunlight for some time, and then shifts to an object not well lit-such as a lawn or shrub in shadow-we can expect _. （ A） a time lag in the focusing ability of the eye （ B） some inability to see colors of the latter-named objects until loss of sensitivity has
35、been regained （ C） the immediate loss of the “afterimage“ of the first object （ D） adaptation in the central area of the eye but little adaptation in the lateral areas to the new intensity level 28 The present selection has apparently been preceded by some explanation of _. （ A） some experiments wit
36、h color pigments （ B） the nature of color （ C） the color properties of various surfaces （ D） the mechanism of the eyes adaptation to color 28 The Greeks lofty attitude toward scientific research and the scientists contempt of utility was a long time dying. For a millennium after Archimedes, this sep
37、aration of mechanics from geometry inhibited fundamental technological progress and in some areas repressed it altogether. But there was a still greater obstacle to change until the very end of the middle ages: the organization of society. The social system of fixed class relationships that prevaile
38、d through the Middle Ages (and in some areas much longer) itself hampered improvement. Under this system, the laboring masses, in exchange for the bare necessities of life, did all the productive work, while the privileged few-priests, nobles, and kings-concerned themselves only with ownership and m
39、aintenance of their own position. In the interest of their privileges they did achieve considerable progress in defense, in warmaking, in government, in trade, in the arts of leisure, and in the extraction of labor from their dependents, but they had no familiarity with the process of production. On
40、 the other hand, the laborers, who were familiar with manufacturing techniques, had no incentive to improve or increase production to the advantage of their masters. Thus, with one class possessing the requisite knowledge aid experience, but lacking incentive and leisure, and the other class lacking
41、 the knowledge and experience, there was no means by which technical progress could be achieved. The whole ancient world was built upon this relationship-a relationship as sterile as it was inhuman. The availability of slaves nullified the need for more efficient machinery. In many of the commonplac
42、e fields of human endeavor, actual stagnation prevailed for thousands of years. Not all the glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome could develop the windmill or contrive so simple an instrument as the wheelbarrow-products of the tenth and thirteenth centuries respectively. For about tw
43、enty-five centuries, two-thirds of the power of the horse was lost because he wasnt shod, and much of the strength of the ox was wasted because his harness wasnt modified to fit his shoulders. For more than five thousand years, sailors were confined to rivers and coasts by a primitive steering mecha
44、nism which required remarkably little alteration (in the thirteenth century) to become a rudder. With any ingenuity at all, the ancient plough could have been put on wheels and the ploughshare shaped to bite and turn the sod instead of merely scratching it but the ingenuity wasnt forthcoming. And th
45、e villager of the Middle Ages, like the men who first had fire, had a smoke hole in the center of the straw and reed thatched roof of his one-room dwelling (which he shared with his animals), while the medieval charcoal burner (like his Stone Age ancestor) made himself a hut of small branches. 29 La
46、ck of technological progress in the ancient and medieval worlds was primarily due to the absence of _. （ A） natural resources （ B） inventive ability （ C） peoples desire for the “better things of life“ （ D） proper social organization 30 During the Middle Ages, productivity of labor _. （ A） was a prim
47、ary concern of society （ B） was hampered by class relationships （ C） began to improve over levels reached by the Greeks （ D） was in a period of technical progress 31 We may infer that a change in class relationships after the close of the Middle Ages produced greater productivity because _. （ A） fre
48、emen had incentive to produce more （ B） masters had greater incentive to work their workers harder （ C） slaves never starved, no matter what they produced （ D） productivity could go in only one direction 32 In supporting his contentions about the ancient world, the author relies mainly on illustrati
49、ons drawn from _. （ A） examples of the separation of mechanics and geometry （ B） case studies of lack of social communication between classes （ C） technology （ D） his concern with the plight of the laboring classes. 32 The evolution of sex ratios has produced, in most plants and animals with separate sexes, approximately equal numbers of males and females. Why should this be so? Two main kinds of answers have been offered. One is couched in terms of advantage to population. It is ar
