1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 122及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 The United States is often considered a young nation, but in fact it is next to the oldest continuous government in the world, and the reason is that its people have always been willing to accommodate themselves to change. It should be realized, ho
2、wever, that sharing benefits of our achievements was the result of trial and error. Unprincipled businessmen had first to be restrained by government before they came to learn that they must serve the general good in pursuing their economic interests. Thus, although early statesmen strongly believed
3、 in private enterprise, they chose to make the post office a government monopoly and to give the schools to public ownership. Since then, government has broadened its activities in many ways including preventing monopolies from taking over the economy. Increased growth by acquisition by our largest
4、corporations has resulted in a situation where virtually independent economic giants will dominate the American economy. Growth of these vast corporate structures, even though accompanied by an increase in the number of much smaller and less powerful companies that operate under their control, foret
5、ells the creation of monopoly like structures throughout American business. In general, the major acquisitions by the sample companies were corporate organizations that were profitable and successful before acquisition. The main effect of the merger or acquisition was to transfer control and managem
6、ent of an already successful enterprise to a new group. Profitability ratios indicate that, in most instances, the acquired companies operated less efficiently after acquisition. Americans hold with Lincoln that “the legitimate object of government is to do for a community of people whatever they ne
7、ed to have done but cannot do at all, or cannot do so well for themselves, in their separate and individual capacities.“ Clearly merger restriction is one example of legitimate government intervention. 1 It is implied that the main quality of the United States stressed is its _. （ A） youth （ B） shar
8、ed wealth （ C） trial and error （ D） flexibility 2 The term “general good“ (Line 5, Para. 1) refers to _. （ A） efficient practices （ B） ethical practices （ C） common well-being （ D） profitable decisions 3 The creation of U.S. post office monopoly is cited as an example of a _. （ A） replacement of the
9、 existing economic order （ B） restraint of unprincipled businessmen （ C） flexible view of government （ D） system of shared profits 4 From the text we learn that when mergers occurred, the added companies had_ （ A） low profitability ratios （ B） management difficulties （ C） poor productivity （ D） achi
10、eved success 5 The authors view of mergers is _. （ A） critical （ B） cautious （ C） qualified （ D） favorable 5 Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventurethose who have climbed the high
11、est mountains, explored unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who seek an immediate excitement from a risky activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds. I would consider bungee jumping to be a good example of suc
12、h an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot-air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is estimated that two million people around the world
13、have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say are as risky as bungee jumping involve jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs. Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists suggest that it is because life
14、in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, peoples lives were constantly under threat. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured, and life was a continuous battle for survival. Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. T
15、hey live and work in comparatively safe environment; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to seek danger in activities such as bungee jumping. 6 A suitable title for the passage is _. （ A） Dangerous
16、Sports: What and Why? （ B） The Boredom of Modern Life （ C） Bungee Jumping: Is It Really Dangerous? （ D） The Need for Excitement 7 More and more people today _. （ A） are trying activities such as bungee jumping （ B） are climbing the highest mountains （ C） are close to death in sports （ D） are looking
17、 for adventures such as exploring unknown places 8 People probably take part in dangerous sports nowadays because _. （ A） they have a lot of free time （ B） they can go to hospital if they are injured （ C） their lives lack excitement （ D） they no longer need to hunt for food 9 The writer of the passa
18、ge has a (n) _attitude towards dangerous sports. （ A） positive （ B） negative （ C） objective （ D） subjective 9 When they advise your kids to “get an education“ if you want to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide man pow
19、er for your society, but not too much that you prove an embarrassment to your society. Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison and you can successfully drop out in grade school. Get a col
20、lege degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a masters degree, make sure it is an MBA, and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect. Do you know, f
21、or instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more a year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $24,000, while the full professors managed to average just $23,930. A Ph. D is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics o
22、r chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are more Ph. Ds unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world by far. If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropol
23、ogy or political science or languages or worst of all in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands. Thousands of Ph. Ds are selling shoes, driving cabs, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications mon
24、th after month. And then maybe taking a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns. You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobo
25、dy can turn much of a profit on you. 10 According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who _. （ A） will not be a shame to the society （ B） will become loyal citizens （ C） can take care of themselves （ D） can meet the demands as a source of manpower 11 Many Ph. D
26、s are out of job because _. （ A） they are wrongly educated （ B） they are of little commercial value to the society （ C） there are fewer jobs in high schools （ D） they prefer easy jobs to more money 12 The nation is only interested in people _. （ A） with diplomas （ B） specialized in physics and chemi
27、stry （ C） valuable to the gross national product （ D） both A and C 13 Which of the following is NOT true ? （ A） Bernard Shaw didnt finish high school, nor did Edison. （ B） One must think carefully before going for a masters degree. （ C） The higher your educational level, the more money you will earn
28、. （ D） If you are too well educated, youll make things difficult for the society. 13 I wonder if you realize just how many others share your problem. It is so common for people to distort the truth about themselves. Sometimes its just an invented excuse when youre late for something or a pretence th
29、at you like someone you dont. These white lies dont usually harm anyone and indeed often help smooth over difficult social situations. They certainly are embarrassing if exposed but, on the whole, theyre easily forgiven. What you describe is a habit of lying that is more serious than this. I suspect
30、 that the lies you tell are ways of defending an idea you have of your own worth. People who have doubts about their own self-esteem often worry that others will judge them as harshly as they feel they deserve because of a secret idea that they are pretty worthless. In other words, they create a fal
31、se picture of themselves, a picture of someone who meets all the expectations they think others have of them, And as you say, that causes problems since they have to keep living up to that image. At the same time, they have to tell further lie to cover the stories they have already told. According t
32、o some authorities, this is particularly among women especially those who have few opportunities to develop an adequate sense of self-worth. I suggest you give yourself one day during which you stick solidly to the truth about yourself. Give yourself a small treat at the end of the day if you have m
33、anaged to keep it up. Wait a week and then try it again. Once you have achieved three separate lie-free days, see if you can cope with three days running, then extend it to a whole week. Dont make a promise to yourself that you will never lie again because almost certainly you will its too much to t
34、ake on at once. Try to change things little by little, by setting yourself manageable targets. After a while, youll wonder why you ever had the problem at all. 14 This passage is a reply to someone who _. （ A） keeps a habit of lying for vain reasons （ B） works hard to meet others expectations （ C） d
35、oes not know the truth about himself and is too sure of himself （ D） does not know how to make a realistic plan for himself 15 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage ? （ A） White lies often cause embarrassment in social situations. （ B） It is important for women to have a
36、n adequate sense of self-worth. （ C） It takes a little time to get rid of your habit. （ D） Take exercise like running if you are free and keep it up. 16 The expression “living up to“ in the second paragraph can best be replaced by _. （ A） growing up with （ B） living with （ C） seeking （ D） sticking t
37、o 17 In the last paragraph the writer implies that _. （ A） you will solve the problem with patience and a strong will （ B） you must be hard on yourself to accomplish something （ C） your problem lies in the fact that you hasten to make promises （ D） you must set different targets at different stages
38、of your life 考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 122答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 从文章的首句可知，美国政府之所以几乎是世界上连续执政时间最长的政府，其原因在于美国人民总是愿意适应变化，据此可推知， D项为正确答案。 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题的依据是原文的 they must serve the general good in pursuing their economic interests，根据后续提示可知， general good的词义一定与 their economic interests相
39、反。因此 C项为正确答案。 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查逻辑关系。可以通过关联词语判定，该例前有 thus，说明是承接上文。上文讲的是美国乐于适应变化。据此推断，举出该例是为了说明政府自由的观念。 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题的依据是原文的 In general， the major acquisitions by the sample companies were corporate organizations that were profitable and successful before acquisition，从中可知，被合并的公司在收购前是运作成功的。
40、 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 从本文的第 2段可知，作者先后指出，最大型企业的收购带来的最终结果是经济巨头垄断美国经济，而且收购后的公司运作效率不如以前，可见作者对合并持批判态度。 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 从文中内容可知，第 1段讲到全世界有越来越多的人参加各种危险的运动和活动。第 2段以蹦极为例加以说明。第 3、 4两段主要在解释人们参 加这类活动的原因。只有 A项能概括全文，因此为正确答案。 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 从文中内容可知，第 1段第 1句就讲到全世界有越来越多的人参加各种危险的运动和活动。第 2段以蹦极为例加以说明。只有 A项符合文章的意思，为本题
41、的正确答案。 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 3、 4段。从 Nowadays， according to many people， life offers little excitement可知， C项为正确答案。 9 【正确答案】 C 【 试题解析】 本题应在理解全文的基础上来进行判断。综观全文，作者的态度是较为客观的，因此 C项为正确答案。 10 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是第 1段最后一句： just enough education to provide man power for your society。因此 D项为正确答案。 11 【正
42、确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是第 5段第 1句： A Ph. D is the highest degree you can get， but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes，据此可知他们的学识不能很快应用在工业或商业上。因此 B项为正确答案。 12 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 2段和第 3段。这两段告诉我们社会
43、对有文凭的人感兴趣。但我们不能选择 A项，因为文中也提到有些学历太高的人，社会也不需要 ，有的是卖鞋、开出租车和填无用的表格的博士。再参照最后一段，对国民生产总值有价值的人才能获得较高的收入，因此 C项也对。所以 D项为正确答案。 13 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 从文中内容可知，你有可能受教育过度。对国民生产总值有价值的人才能获得较高的收入。又根据第 4段里讲到的例子 长途运输司机的收入比教授的高，因此 C项为正确答案。 14 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 综观全文，这是一篇劝人改变习惯，不再说谎的文章。从文章的第2段可知，这部分着重解释了说谎的种种原因，其中很多原因都与 虚荣有关。因
44、此，文章是给因为虚荣而有说谎习惯的人写的。因此 A项为正确答案。 15 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是文章第 2段的最后一句： According to some authorities， this is particularly among women especially those who have few opportunities to develop all adequate sense of self-worth。从中可知 B项是正确答案。 16 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题中， living up to的意思是 “符合 ”，与 D项意思一致，因此 D项为正确答案。 17 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章最后一段的最后两句，从中可以推知，要改变说谎的习惯需要时间、耐心和意志，因此 A项是正确答案。
