1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 6及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 She eventually married the most persistent one of her admirers. （ A） in a way （ B） in due course （ C） in the end （ D） in any case 2 Five minutes left, the outcome of the match was still in doub
2、t. （ A） result （ B） judgment （ C） decision （ D） event 3 The reporter was accused of unprofessional conduct. （ A） movement （ B） words （ C） principle （ D） behavior 4 He made a considerable sum of money in real estate. （ A） large （ B） positive （ C） powerful （ D） realistic 5 A crowd gathered to see what
3、 had happened. （ A） collected （ B） fixed （ C） divided （ D） assisted 6 If I made a mistake ,I will try to remedy it. （ A） clarify （ B） diagnose （ C） evaporate （ D） correct 7 We derive information mainly from the Internet. （ A） deprive （ B） obtain （ C） descend （ D） trace 8 His sole motive was to make
4、her happy. （ A） aim （ B） argument （ C） capability （ D） pursuit 9 He could not tolerate the extremes of heat in the desert. （ A） bear （ B） hate （ C） like （ D） criticize 10 These factors interact intimately and cannot be separated. （ A） tensely （ B） nearly （ C） carefully （ D） closely 11 She exhibited
5、great powers of endurance during the climb. （ A） play （ B） send （ C） show （ D） tell 12 The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him. （ A） long （ B） never-ending （ C） boring （ D） extensive 13 She could not answer ,it was an immense load off her heart. （ A） natural （ B） fatal （ C） tiny （ D） enormous
6、 14 The book made a great impact on its readers. （ A） force （ B） influence （ C） surprise （ D） power 15 Accompanied by cheerful music ,we began to dance. （ A） pleasant （ B） colorful （ C） fashionable （ D） different 二、 阅 读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该
7、句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 An Observation and an Explanation It is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resti
8、ng is rather revealing. Careful studies have shown the fact that 80 percent of mothers hold their infants in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predomina
9、nce of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations. But a detailed analysis shows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed females; but not enough to
10、 provide adequate explanation. It emerges that 83 percent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but so do 78 percent of left-handed mothers. In other words, only 22 percent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. Clearly there must be some other, less
11、 obvious explanation. The only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the side of the mothers body. Could it be that the sound of her heartbeat is the vital factor? And in what way? Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother
12、the unborn baby get used to the sound of the heart beat. If this is so, then the re-discovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a claiming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been born into a strange and frighteningly new world.If this is so then the mother would, somehow, so
13、on arrive at the discovery that her baby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart than on the right. 16 We can learn a lot by observing the position in which a mother holds her baby against her body. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Most left-handed women feel comfortable by
14、 holding their babies in their left arm and keep the right arm free. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The number of right-handed mothers who hold the baby on the left side exceeds that of left- handed ones by 22 %. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The fact that most left-handed
15、 mothers hold the baby on their left side renders the first explanation unsustainable. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The fact that the heart is on the left side of the mothers body provides the most convincing explanation of all. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 A baby held
16、in the right arm of its mother can be easily frightened. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The writers explanation of the phenomenon is supported by the fact that babies tend to be more peaceful if held in their mothers left arms than in the right arms. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not menti
17、oned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的 短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Hepatitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of and injury to the liver. The disease has many causes, including misuse of alcohol and drugs, but viruse
18、s are the most common cause. Researchers estimate that more than 300,000 cases of viral hepatitis occur each year in the United States. 2. Symptoms of viral hepatitis appear from two weeks to six months after exposure to the virus. The first symptoms are usually fatigue, poor appetite, and nausea.Pa
19、in in the abdomen above the liver and a slight fever are also common. After a few days, the persons urine becomes dark and jaundice appears. The jaundice and dark urine indicate the liver is not working properly. 3. Symptoms of viral hepatitis generally last two to six weeks. Severe cases can lead t
20、o liver failure and death. But most patients-even those with severe hepatitis-eventually recover completely. In some patients, the disease becomes persistent and is called chronic hepatitis. People with chronic hepatitis may experience mild, vague symptoms of fatigue and poor appetite. 4. There are
21、five types of viral hepatitis. Hepatitis A is a highly contagious disease, but it is rarely fatal. It is also called infectious hepatitis. Hepatitis A is extremely common in developing nations. Outbreaks often occur due to unsanitary conditions, such as contamination of food or the water supply. 5.
22、Hepatitis B is the best-known form of viral hepatitis. It can be severe and often develops into chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis B is spread by close personal or sexual contact with an infected person, or by exposure to infected blood. 6. Hepatitis C is usually spread by exposure to infected blood.It is
23、 the most common cause of transfusion-related hepatitis. It is also a common cause of chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis D is the most serious and also the rarest form of viral hepatitis. It only infects people who also have hepatitisb.Many cases of hepatitis D are fatal, and most commonly occur among int
24、ravenous drug users, who can be infected by sharing hypodermic needles. Hepatitis E often occurs in epidemics that can be linked to poor hygiene and contaminated water. It is particularly likely to lead to serious illness in pregnant women. The disease has been reported almost exclusively in develop
25、ing countries. 23 A. Scientists do not know exactly why Hepatitis develops. B. Hepatitis A often breaks out in filthy places where food and water are easily contaminated. C. Symptoms of hepatitis include languor, loss of appetite, distress of the stomach, and yellowness of urine. D. Hepatitis B is t
26、he best-known form of viral hepatitis. E. The chronic hepatitis lasts a long time and is most likely to recur. F. People should pay attention to public environment for the preservation of health. 23 Paragraph 2_. 24 Paragraph 3_. 25 Paragraph 4_. 26 Paragraph 5_. 27 A. injury or infection B. viruses
27、 or misuse of alcohol and drug C. poor hygiene and contaminated water D. exposure to infected blood E. the liver is not working properly F. mild, vague symptoms of fatigue and poor appetite 27 Hepatitis can be caused by_. 28 The persons urine becomes dark and jaundice appears which indicate that_. 2
28、9 Symptoms of chronic hepatitis are_. 30 The most common cause of chronic hepatitis is_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Volunteers are being recruited(征募 ) to eat raw potatoes in the first human trials of a vaccine grown in genetically engineered vegetables. R
29、esearchers in Texas hope that people who eat the potatoes will be protected against common gut(肠，肠子 ) infections. They believe this technique could prove to be a cost-effective way of growing vaccines in developing countries where such diseases are still killers. Other researchers previously succeed
30、ed in using similar techniques to produce potential vaccines Now Hugh Mason and his colleagues at Texas A they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of the behavior. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite like
31、ly that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. 41 According to the passage, people have wondered for a long time （ A） why one is different from another （ B） how one has certain personalities and behaviors （ C）
32、 why one is more intelligent than another （ D） why one is cooperative and another is competitive 42 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? （ A） Two theories have been developed by social scientists in an attempt to explain why people possess certain characteristics and exhibit cert
33、ain behaviors. （ B） Two school have been set up to do research on peoples characteristics and behaviors. （ C） Two approaches have been found out by behaviorists to explain ones personalities and behaviors. （ D） Social scientists think it is nature that determines ones personalities and behaviors. 43
34、 The “nature school“ believes . （ A） it is biological and genetic factors not environment that determine ones personalities and behaviors （ B） ones personalities and behaviors are predetermined and we cannot control them （ C） ones characteristics and abilities have something to do with environment w
35、hile behaviors do not （ D） ones behaviors depend more on environment than on biologically based instincts 44 The “ nurture“ theory tries to explain _ （ A） it is our environment not biologically based instincts that determines how we will act （ B） human beings are completely shaped by their surroundi
36、ngs （ C） environment is more important than biological and genetic factors in shaping one s behaviors （ D） one acts because he has to adapt himself to the environment 45 The two theories （ A） are contradictory to each other （ B） cannot fully. explain human behavior （ C） have much in common in explai
37、ning human behaviors （ D） will be replaced by other theories soon 五、 补全短文 (第 46-50，每题 2分，共 10分 ) 下面的短文有 5处空白，短文后有 6个句子，其中 5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 46 Shortly after the British naturalist, Charles Darwin, published his theory of evolution, a Victorian lady was asked what she thought of the i
38、dea that humans and animals were descended from a common ancestor. “Let us hope it is not true,“ she said.【 S1】 This story is probably apocryphal, but it illustrates well the attitudes of the time.【 S2】Many people accept Darwins view of how we came into being that our bodies evolved through the proc
39、ess of natural selection acting on our genes. However, Darwin believed evolution was responsible for far more than just our physical characteristics. He saw it as the major influence in shaping our psychology. In- deed, he predicted that “in the distant future, psychology will be based on a new foun
40、dation“.【 S3】 To proponents of concepts like free will and personal responsibility, such an idea seems absurd.【 S4】 Their research has revealed increasing evidence that the human mind is made up of innate mechanisms, which control everything from the way we perceive time and space, to how we learn s
41、urvival techniques and choose mates. 【 S5】 Steven Pinker, Professor of Cognitive Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, likens language ability to computer software, “children learn a new word every 90 minutes of their waking life for years, then they have to figure out how to string
42、them together using a kind of mental computer program. The essence of human language is the ability to convey new ideas by putting words together in different combinations. Since we all have this language software in our minds, we can figure out what others are saying by the meanings of the words an
43、d the order in which they are arranged.“ A.Today, we are more comfortable with out past. B.“And, if it is true, let us hope it does not become public knowledge.“ C.But a growing number of scientists are questioning the extent to which our behavior is controlled by our culture. D.Many people are call
44、ing for controls on cloning immedicte1y before the practice is abused. E. The foundation was, of course, his theory of evolution. F. Nowhere is this more obvious than our innate ability to learn languages. 46 【 S1】 47 【 S2】 48 【 S3】 49 【 S4】 50 【 S5】 六、 完形填空 (第 51-65题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面的短文有 15处空白，请根据短
45、文内容为每处空白确定 1个最佳选项。 51 Street sellers particularly in developing countries, supply large amounts of food【 H1】 people on low incomes. This sector also employs some 6% 25% of the work force, mainly women, in developing countries, and provides markets for agricultural and other produce. In many countrie
46、s【 H2】 , the authorities are not willing to recognize it【 H3】 a formal sector of the food supply system, they may ignore it in food control programs or even try to put an end to【 H4】 . There are tow possible contaminants: pathogenic micro-organisms;【 H5】 hazardous chemicals: As【 H6】 as micro-organis
47、ms are concerned, there is apparently no convincing evidence that street foods are more involved in the transmission of infection【 H7】 foods obtained in, e. g. hotels. Studies in Egypt and else- where have found street foods to compare not unfavorably with hotel【 H8】 in respect of contamination with
48、 micro-organisms-some street foods were found to be contaminated with pathogens, but so also were foods from four-and five-star【 H9】 in the same area. Hazardous chemicals have【 H10】 found in street foods, and food exposed for sale on roadsides may become contaminated by lead from vehicle exhausts. H
49、ealth dangers may arise【 H11】 purchase of raw food of poor quality; improper storage, processing, and cooking, leading to reuse of water; limited piped drinking water; lack【 H12】 refrigeration; and unsatisfactory waste-disposal facilities; inexperienced or personal cleanliness. The authorities should take【 H13】 account the potentials of different categories of food for transmitting disease, and should control appropriately for the different【 H14】 -sellers of bottled drinks require less control than
