1、职称英语（理工类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 15及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The most prominent characteristics of handwriting are undoubtedly letter formation and slant. （ A） presumably （ B） in many cases （ C） surely （ D） without bias 2 The cars traveled 200 miles
2、 a day. （ A） came （ B） covered （ C） gone （ D） walked 3 Efficient air service has been made available through modern technology. （ A） Affluent （ B） Modern （ C） Inexpensive （ D） Effective 4 We will set off after he finishes packing. （ A） set out （ B） set back （ C） set up （ D） set down 5 Customers are
3、well waited on in this big department store. （ A） served （ B） changed （ C） paid （ D） treated 6 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water. （ A） continuously （ B） quickly （ C） excessively （ D） exceptionally 7 The poet William Carlos W
4、illiams was a New Jersey physician. （ A） doctor （ B） professor （ C） physicist （ D） resident 8 A will is a document written to ensure that the wishes of the deceased are realized. （ A） fulfilled （ B） affiliated （ C） advocated （ D） received 9 She was grateful to him for being so good to her. （ A） help
5、ful （ B） hateful （ C） delightful （ D） thankful 10 Can you account for your absence from the class last Thursday? （ A） explain （ B） examine （ C） excuse （ D） expand 11 There is a trend towards equal opportunities for men and women. （ A） tide （ B） tendency （ C） target （ D） trail 12 After a bitter strug
6、gle the rebels were forced to submit. （ A） yield （ B） dedicate （ C） render （ D） incline 13 The Victorian speaker was noted for his manual gestures. （ A） expressive （ B） physical （ C） exaggerated （ D） dubious 14 People from many countries were drawn to the United States by the growing cities and indu
7、stries. （ A） drafted （ B） transported （ C） attracted （ D） ordered 15 Anxiety about financial matter lessened somewhat when, in 1910, the United States accepted responsibility for Liberias survival. （ A） descended （ B） faded （ C） diminished （ D） highlighted 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个
8、句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Changes in Museums Museums have changed. They are no longer places that one “should“ visit, they are places to enjoy and learn. At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless e
9、lectricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan (成都市 的 ) Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at the seventeenth century instruments while listening to their music. At New Yorks American Museum of Natural History recently, you can help make a bone-by-bone reproduction of the museums
10、 dinosaur(恐龙 ), a beast that lived 200 million years age. More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operat
11、e, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to bes
12、t advantage. One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates, Leon F. Twiggs, a young black professor of art once said, “They see
13、things in a new and different way. They are not satisfied to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate(参加 ) in. “The same is true of science and history. 16 When visiting museums nowadays, people can take part in many activities. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 N
14、ew Yorks American Museum of Natural History is opened recently. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 In science museums nowadays visitors are not allowed to touch or operate the objects on display. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 In science museums today, people no longer feel str
15、ange in the world of science but gain scientific knowledge by themselves. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 In America today, all science museums are open to the public and free. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 People can afford to got the modern museums since they have more ti
16、me now. A Right （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Young people who are well-educated like the art they can participate in. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个
17、最佳选项。 23 The Mir Space Station 1 The Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space. 2 During Mi
18、rs lifetime, Russia spent about US 4.2 billion to build and maintain the station. 3 The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became th
19、e first international space station by playing host to 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles. 4
20、The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations. 5 A debate continues over Mirs contributi
21、ons to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and carried scientific equipment, estimated to be worth 80 million, from many nations. Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in
22、 space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favouring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Ser
23、gie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996. 6 Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir. In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. La
24、ter, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures. 7 Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mirs reputation as a space station was ruined. 8 Mirs setbacks are nothing, though, when we compare them w
25、ith its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But its time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be
26、better, but it owes a great debt to Mir. 23 A Undeniable Miffs Achievements B Rewards Following the US Financial Injection C Mirs Problem Year D Mir Regarded as a Complete Failure E Mirs Firsts in Scientific Experiments and Space Exploration F A Great Debt Owed to the International Space Station 23
27、Paragraph 4 _ 24 Paragraph 5 _ 25 Paragraph 6 _ 26 Paragraph 8 _ 27 A everything B a great success C a tremendous failure D nothing E many firsts F quite possible 27 Mir enhanced the confidence in the scientists that humans living in space for a long time was _. 28 In Mir, the US astronauts created
28、_. 29 When we think of Mir in terms of its achievements, its setbacks are _. 30 The writer tends to think that Mir was _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Prolonging Human Life Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people ali
29、ve today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion. Prolonging human lif
30、e has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants m
31、ight be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live
32、past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have roles which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks
33、which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare” if they have a serious illness. When older people become senile or too weak and ill to
34、 care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with must members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To m
35、eet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping grounds“ for the dying
36、in which “care“ is given by poorly paid, overworked, and underskilled personnel. 31 The writer believes that the population explosion results from （ A） an increase in birthrates. （ B） the industrial development. （ C） a decrease in death rates. （ D） cultural advances. 32 It can be inferred from the p
37、assage that in hunting and gathering cultures （ A） it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people alive. （ B） infants could be left dead in times of starvation. （ C） parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their children. （ D） death was considered to be freedom from hardship
38、s. 33 According to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is tree? （ A） Many of them have a very hard life. （ B） They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings. （ C） They rely mainly on their children for financial support. （ D） Most of t
39、hem live with their children and therefore are well looked after. 34 In Paragraph 3, the phrase “this need“ refers to （ A） the need to prolong the lives of old people. （ B） the need to enrich the life of the retired people. （ C） the need to build profit-making nursing homes. （ D） the need to take ca
40、re of a sick and weak person. 35 Which of the following best describes the writers attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals? （ A） Sympathetic. （ B） Unfriendly. （ C） Optimistic. （ D） Critical. 36 Explorer of the Extreme Deep Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet
41、. Yet, just a small fraction of the underwater world has been explored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle that will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submersib
42、le or human-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another one named Alvin which has an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). Its about time for an upg
43、rade, WHOI researchers say. Alvin was launched in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime, Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more tha
44、n 3,000 dives. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. “We take so much for granted on land,“ Fomari says. “We can walk around and see with our eye
45、s how big things are. We can see colors, special arrangements.“ Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin. Itll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere, about 8 feet wide, like Alvin, itll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable. In most
46、other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing. Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its
47、maximum speed is 2 knots ( about 2.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second. Itll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour. 36 What is Alvin? （ A） A research institute. （ B） A transporting vehicle. （ C） A submersible. （ D） A scientist.
48、 37 Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin? （ A） It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters. （ B） It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditions （ C） It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century. （ D） It has been used for more than 40 years. 38
49、 “. a world that is still full of mysteries“ refers to （ A） the earth. （ B） out space. （ C） the ocean. （ D） Mars. 39 In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar? （ A） Size. （ B） Speed. （ C） Capacity. （ D） Shape. 40 In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different? （ A） Offering better views. （ B） Speed. （ C） Size. （ D） Both A and . 41 Plant Gas Scientists have been studying natural sources of methane for decades but hadnt
