1、职称英语（理工类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 27及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The ability to react to environmental stimuli is a basic and general characteristic of living organisms. （ A） reject （ B） repeat （ C） return to （ D） respond to 2 All living organisms, rega
2、rdless of their unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in common. （ A） as a result of （ B） considering （ C） cognizant of （ D） whatever 3 After Emily Dickinson retreated from the world at the age of twenty-six, she wrote more than one thousand poems. （ A） rec
3、eived praise from （ B） withdrew from （ C） rebelled against （ D） traveled around 4 Thomas Fuller was so skilled at mathematics that he was known in the eighteenth century as the “Virginia Calculator.” （ A） fascinated by （ B） articulate about （ C） proficient in （ D） suspicious of 5 Didnt you know that
4、 the naughty girl used to skip classes? （ A） attend classes in time （ B） miss classes （ C） cheat in classes （ D） be unhappy about classes 6 Marxism doctrine was spelled out in the Communist Manifesto. （ A） evaluated （ B） detailed （ C） supported （ D） mentioned 7 The megaphone makes the voice sound lo
5、uder because it points sound waves in one direction and keeps them from spreading out in all directions. （ A） slithering （ B） radiating （ C） interfering （ D） murmuring 8 The exploits of the legendary miner, John Henry, have come to symbolize the manual laborers stand against mechanization. （ A） cont
6、rast with （ B） interaction with （ C） ignorance of （ D） defiance of 9 In arithmetic, a number stands for the size of a set of things. （ A） measures （ B） estimates （ C） cancels （ D） represents 10 Some species of bacteria and fungi thrive on simple compounds such as alcohol. （ A） mix with （ B） do well
7、on （ C） exist in （ D） float on 11 Why do you want to throw away those books? （ A） imitate （ B） discuss （ C） extract （ D） discard 12 The Pullman Strike of 1894 tied up transportation and was finally ended only by government intervention. （ A） relied upon （ B） hindered （ C） linked with （ D） imitated 1
8、3 Although a herd of African elephants may have up to one thousand members, Asiatic elephants live in bands of five to sixty animals. （ A） as many as （ B） more than （ C） fewer than （ D） at least 14 Prohibition in the United States ushered in an era of crime and corruption. （ A） introduced （ B） cause
9、d （ C） used （ D） upset 15 The Spanish, French, Dutch, and English all vied for North American territory. （ A） arrived on （ B） competed for （ C） disposed of （ D） sailed for 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 An
10、cient Water From Afar It streaked across the sky on a warm March evening last year, then crashed into a street in the small town of Monahans, Texas. When seven boys quit their basketball game to inspect the damage, they found a shiny, black grapefruit-size rock settled in the asphalt (沥青 ). Word of
11、the “flaming rock” traveled quickly in newspapers and on TV. The next day, NASA scientist Everett Gibson arrived and took the meteorite(陨石 ) , later named Monahans 1998, back to a lab in Houston. There researchers broke open the extraterrestrial (地球外的 )rock with a hammer and chisel (凿子 ). To their s
12、urprise, they struck water. A team led by Michael Zolensky of the Johnson Space Center reports this discovery in a journal. Its the first time anyone has found liquid water in an object from spaceand a suggestion that life may exist out side our planet. Meteorites containing water are probably not s
13、carce, Zolensky says. But by the time researchers get their hands on the rocks, minerals that trap the water have dissolved away, and the water have evaporated. Worse, some researchers destroy the evidence by cutting meteor ites open with rock saws and water. “Im betting this isnt such a rare finds
14、its just that people have been mistreating their meteorites,” Zolensky says. Of course, Zolenskys team did get a bit lucky. Monahans 1998 was safe in their lab less than two days after it hit the Earth, so they examined an unusually fresh sample. The scientists were keen to find vivid purple crystal
15、s of halite (岩盐 )inside the meteorite, since halite is a salt mineral usually formed from liquid water. Even more curious were the hundreds of tiny bubbles suspended in the halite crystals. Zolenskys team analyzed the bubbles by shining a laser beam through them and confirmed they were made of salty
16、 brine (盐水 ). By dating the halite, Zolenskys team found the water trapped inside it formed at least 4.5 billion years ago, back when most scientists believe our solar system was born. That means the briny object amy help researchers learn about the gaseous nebulas(星云 )that gave rise to our sun and
17、planets. But how did the meteorite get wet? One possibility is that a passing comet smashed into the rock, dropping off a load of liquid water. Or the rock might have chipped off an asteroid (小行星 )that holds pools of fluid. Zolenskys team still needs to study whether the water comes from our own sol
18、ar system. One thing is certain, however: the Monahans meteorite will fuel the debate on extraterrestrial life, “Water is a life-giver, so if you want to study where life came from in the solar system, you have to follow where water came from,” Zolensky says. A wet rock from space doesnt mean little
19、 green men are coming soon to a planet near you, but it does raise hopes that were not alone in the universe. 16 Scientist find liquid water inside the rock. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The meteorite was broken open in California. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The Johns
20、on Space Center reported the discovery in the journal Newsweek. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Monahans 1998 was formed when the solar system came into being. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Monahans 1998 means that little green men are coming soon to a planet near us. （ A）
21、Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The rock clipped off an asteroid that held pools of water. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 A passing comet smashed into the rock and dropped off a load of liquid. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2
22、项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 English and English Community There is no denying that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chines
23、e. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled in England. Their languages became more and more similar to each other. Finally, the language had enough uniformity to he used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their shar
24、ed language. A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the community share common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always t
25、he same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live. We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For convenience, we may classify the speakers into two groups
26、: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on. English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world whic
27、h employ it as an international second language. English has been adopted as the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy. Moreover, English is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding
28、 of English. Learning second language extends ones vision and expands the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture; a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a secon
29、d language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage. 23 A. The Wide Use of English B. Historical Account of English and Its Community C. The Advantages of Learning a Second Language D. The Composition of th
30、e English Community E. The Threat That English Poses to Other Languages F. The Definition of a Speech Community 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A. that of a speech community B. can a speech community be formed C. in order to learn English better D. for the sake
31、 of simplicity E. has played an important role in the field of education F. is widely used in several areas of public activity 27 Only through the shared language_. 28 The idea of the national boundaries in often different from_. 29 Speakers are classified into two groups_. 30 An understanding of En
32、glish_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Food and Health The food you eat does more than provide energy. It can have a dramatic effect on your bodys ability to fight off heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones. With remarkabl
33、e consistency, recent research has found that a diet high in plant-based foodsfruits, vegetables, dried peas and beans, grains, and starchy staples such as potatoesis the bodys best weapon in thwarting many health-related problems. These foods work against so many diseases that the same healthy ingr
34、edients you might use to protect your heart or ward off cancer will also benefit your intestinal tract and bones. Scientists have recently estimated that approximately 30 to 40 percent of all cancers could be avoided if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods and minimized high-fat
35、, high-calorie edibles that have scant nutritional value. Up to 70 percent of cancers might be eliminated if people also stopped smoking, exercised regularly, and controlled their weight. In the past, researchers had linked fat consumption with the development of cancers, but they currently believe
36、that eating fruits, vegetables, and grains may be more important in preventing the disease than not eating fat. “The evidence about a high-fat diet and cancer seemed a lot stronger several years ago than it does now,” says Melanie Polk, a registered dietitian and director of nutrition education at t
37、he American Institute for Cancer Research. The road to strong bones is paved with calcium-rich food. Leafy green vegetables and low-fat dairy products are excellent sources of calcium, the mineral that puts stiffness into your skeletal system and keeps your bones from turning rubbery and fragile. Yo
38、ur body uses calcium for more than keeping your bones strong. Calcium permits cells to divide, regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, and plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells. If you dont absorb enough from what you eat to satisfy these requirements, yo
39、ur body will take it from your bones. Because your body doesnt produce this essential mineral, you must continually replenish the supply. Even though the recommended daily amount is 1,200 mg, most adults dont eat more than 500 mg. One reason may have been the perception that calcium-rich dairy produ
40、cts were also loaded with calories. “In the past, women, in particular, worried that dairy products were high in calories,” says Letha Y. Griffin, M. D., of Peachtree Orthopaedics in Atlanta. “But today you can get calcium without eating any high-fat or high-calorie foods by choosing skim milk or lo
41、w-fat yogurt.” Also, low fat dairy products contain phosphorous and magnesium and are generally fortified with vitamin D, all of which help your body absorb and use calcium. If you find it difficult to include enough calcium in your diet, ask your doctor about supplements. Theyre a potent way to get
42、 calcium as well as vitamin D and other minerals. But if you rely on pills instead of a calcium-rich diet, you wont benefit from the other nutrients that food provides. Getting the recommended vitamin D may be easy, since your body makes the vitamin when your skin is exposed to the suns rays. 31 Whi
43、ch kind of food is recommended to prevent heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones?_ （ A） Calcium-rich food. （ B） Plant-based and starchy staples food. （ C） High-fat, high-calorie food. （ D） Vitamin D-rich food. 32 The underlined word “thwart” (Para. 1) most proba
44、bly means“_”. （ A） destroy （ B） forbid （ C） cure （ D） prevent 33 _ percent of all cancers could be avoided if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods and minimized high-fat, high-calorie edibles. （ A） 30-40 （ B） 40-50 （ C） 50-60 （ D） 60-70 34 According to the passage, cancers may t
45、ake some healthy steps other than _. （ A） stop smoking （ B） exercise regularly （ C） take non-fat diet （ D） control their weight 35 Which of the following statements is NOT true?_ （ A） Today you can get calcium without eating any high-fat or high-calorie foods by choosing skim milk or low-fat yogurt.
46、 （ B） Calcium plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells. （ C） You can rely on pills instead of a calcium-rich diet to take enough calcium. （ D） If you want to absorb calcium, you should expose yourself to the suns rays. 35 How to Forgive To forgive may be divine,
47、but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your grudge. But forgiveness is possibleand it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. “People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopeful
48、ness,” says Frederic Luskin, Ph. D., author of Forgive for Good (Harper Collins, 2002). “So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital.” So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps: Calm yourself
49、. To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. “Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love,” Luskin says. Dont wait for an apology. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing,” Luskin says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just dont see things the same way. So i
