1、职称英语（理工类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 5及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Many cinemagoers were stunned by the films violent and tragic end. （ A） angry （ B） indifferent （ C） disappointed （ D） shocked 2 Although he was slight in stature, he was strong and respecte
2、d by all who know him. （ A） position （ B） size （ C） defects （ D） manners 3 The planned general strike represents a vital economic challenge to the government. （ A） an important （ B） a specific （ C） a quick （ D） a trivial 4 She had come to terms with the fact that her husband would always be crippled
3、. （ A） knew （ B） got so much disappointed （ C） learnt to accept （ D） didnt get surprised to 5 The manner in which young children are spoken to varies depending on who is present. （ A） habit （ B） way （ C） custom （ D） behavior 6 Native Chinese artwork has been enthusiastically collected and studied ab
4、road recently. （ A） eagerly （ B） individually （ C） thoroughly （ D） positively 7 It would have been virtually impossible to collect all the information needed. （ A） unfortunately （ B） practically （ C） statistically （ D） surprisingly 8 When the city was burned in 1814, he rescued many official papers
5、from the town hall. （ A） stole （ B） filed （ C） hid （ D） saved 9 When required by their parents to eat green vegetables, many children only do so reluctantly. （ A） intimately （ B） impatiently （ C） unwillingly （ D） unknowingly 10 After a bitter debate, the decision was made that the capital of the Uni
6、ted States be situated on the banks of the Potomac River. （ A） war （ B） election （ C） argument （ D） competition 11 The dog saw his reflection in the pool of water. （ A） image （ B） imagination （ C） bone （ D） shadow 12 It is normal for a teacher to get angry with the student who repeats the same mista
7、ke. （ A） useless （ B） rare （ C） senseless （ D） usual 13 The quality and number of a citys public roads offer an excellent means of gauging its prosperity. （ A） protecting （ B） creating （ C） judging （ D） tracing 14 All her doubts vanished after she saw the jewel in the drawer. （ A） broke （ B） disappe
8、ared （ C） decreased （ D） originated 15 The loss of her cat was the greatest grief the child had known. （ A） trial （ B） tragedy （ C） misconduct （ D） sorrow 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Vocational Educatio
9、n Vocational education refers to education for a particular occupation. Industrialized countries have seen a fall in demand for unskilled workers, and an increase in jobs in the professional, technical, commercial, and administrative sector. Vocational education is traditionally associated with trad
10、es and crafts: young people were apprentice to employers for a number of years and learned on the job. Today the focus has shifted from the workplace to secondary and higher education institutions, and from employers to government provision and finance. Trainees in most occupations combine workplace
11、 training with study at a technical or academic institution. In the former Soviet Union, school and work were always strongly linked from primary school. Germany provides nine out of ten young people not entering higher education with vocational training, and training is planned from national down t
12、o locate level through joint committees of government representatives, employers, and trade unions. In some countries, skills are being grouped and “job families“ created so that individuals can move between jobs with similar technical requirements. In others “competency-based education“ is advocate
13、d to equip individuals with “transferable“ as well as specific skills. In developing countries, where it is traditional for children to work from an early age, only a tiny proportion of students follow a formal vocational program, while the long specialist training of professionals such as doctors,
14、lawyers, and engineers is a costly burden. Training places for technicians, nurses, teachers, and the essential workers are often limited. Worldwide, there is a slow but steady increase in the numbers of women training for occupations of influence in science, technology, law, and business. It is als
15、o becoming clear that one course of vocational education is not enough for a life time. Retraining, through continuing education is essential. 16 Vocational education refers to education for a usual vocation. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 So far as vocational training is concerned, ind
16、ustrialized countries need more workers for jobs in the professional sector. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 It is stated in the passage that the two major changes in vocational education are in the place and the source of finance it is provided. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned
17、19 In the former Soviet Union, school and work were always weakly linked from primary school. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 In Germany, vocational education is the one that everybody can take voluntarily. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 In some countries, in order to help p
18、eople to become capable of taking different jobs, different skills within a broad category are taught. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 It can be concluded from the passage that more vocational education has to be provided in the future. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成
19、句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Atmosphere 1 The atmosphere is a mixture of several gases. There are about ten chemical elements which remain permanently in gaseous form in the atmosphere under all natural c
20、onditions. Of these permanent gases, oxygen makes up about 21 percent and nitrogen about 78 percent. Several other gases, such as argon (氩 ), carbon dioxide, hydrogen, neon (氖 ), krypton (氪 ), and xenon (氙 ), comprise the remaining one percent of the volume of dry air. The amount of water vapor, and
21、 its variations in amount and distribution is of extraordinary importance in weather changes. Atmospheric gases hold in suspension (悬浮 ) great quantities of dust, pollen (花粉 ), smoke, and other impurities which are always present in considerable, hut variable amounts. 2 The atmosphere has no definit
22、e upper limits but gradually thins until it becomes imperceptible (感觉不到的 ). Until recently it was assumed that the air above the first few miles gradually grew thinner and colder at a constant rate. It was also assumed that upper air had little influence on weather changes. Recent studies of the upp
23、er atmosphere, currently being conducted by earth satellites and missile probings, have shown these assumptions to be incorrect. The atmosphere has three well-defined strata (layers). 3 The layer of the air next to the earth, which extends upward for about ten miles, is known as the tropophere (对流层
24、). On the whole, it makes up about 75 per cent of all the weight of the atmosphere. It is the warmest part of the atmosphere because most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the earths surface which warms the air immediately surrounding it. A steady decrease of temperature with increasing elevatio
25、n is a most striking characteristic. The upper layers are colder because of their greater distance from the earths surface and rapid radiation of heat into space. The temperatures within the troposphere decrease about 3.5 degrees per 1,000 feet increase in altitude (海 拔高度 ). Within the troposphere,
26、winds and air currents distribute heat and moisture. Strong winds, called jet streams, are located at the upper levels of the troposphere. These jet streams are both complex and widespread in occurrence. They normally show a waveshaped pattern and move from west to east at velocities (速度 ) of 150 mp
27、h, but velocities as high as 400 mph have been noted. The influences of changing locations and strengths of jet streams upon weather conditions and patterns are no doubt considerable. Current intensive research may eventually rebel their true significance. 4 Above the troposphere to a height of abou
28、t 50 miles is a zone called the stratosphere (高温层 ). The stratosphere is separated from the troposphere by a zone of uniform temperatures called the tropopause (对流层顶 ). Within the lower portions of the stratosphere is a layer of ozone (臭氧 ) gases which filters (过滤 ) out most of the ultraviolet rays
29、from the sun. The ozone layer varies with air pressure. If this zone were not there, the full blast of the suns ultraviolet light would burn out skins, blind our eyes, and eventually result in our destruction. Within the stratosphere, the temperature and atmospheric composition are relatively unifor
30、m. 5 The layer upward of about 50 miles is the most fascinating but the least known of the three strata. It is called the ionosphere (电离层 ) because it consists of electrically charged particles called ions, thrown from the sun. The northern lights (aurora borealis) originates within this highly char
31、ged portion of the atmosphere. Its effect upon weather conditions if any, is as yet, unknown. 23 A New finding about the upper atmosphere B Stratosphere C Ionosphere D The composition of the permanent gases in the atmosphere. E The suspension of dust F Tropophere 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25
32、 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A at constant rate B in a few years C an the weight of the atmosphere D within the troposphere E oxygen and nitrogen F it consists of electrically charged particles called irons which from sun 27 The major parts of permanent gases are _ 28 It has been proved that t
33、he upper atmosphere above certain distance continually grew thinner and colder _ 29 The layer of air makes up about 75 percent of _ 30 Ionosphere was named because _ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Football Football is, I suppose, the most popular game in Engla
34、nd: one has only to go to one of the important matches to see this. Rich and poor, young and old, one can see them all there, shouting and cheering for one side or the other. One of the most surprising things about football in England to a stranger is the great knowledge of the game which even the s
35、mallest boy seems to have. He can tell you the names of the players in most of the important teams. He has photographs of them and knows the results of a large number of matches. He will tell you, with a great air of authority, who he expects will win such and such a match, and his opinion is usuall
36、y as valuable as that of men three or four times his age. Most schools in England take football seriously-much more seriously than nearly all European schools, where lessons are all-important (至关重要的 ), and games are left for private arrangements. In England, it is believed that education is not only
37、 a matter of filling a boys mind with facts in a classroom; education also means character training. One of the best ways of training character is by means of games, especially team games, where the boy has to learn to work with others for his team, instead of working selfishly(自私的 ) for himself alo
38、ne. The school therefore arranges games and matches for its pupils. Football is a good team game, it is good exercise for the body, it needs skill and a quick brain, it is popular and it is cheap. As a result, it is the schools favorite game in the winter. 31 In England football is a game enjoyed _.
39、 （ A） only by young people （ B） only by rich people （ C） only by boys （ D） by people of all ages and classes 32 A stranger in England will be surprised to find that in that country _. （ A） people have little knowledge of football （ B） girls are more interested in football than boys （ C） even small b
40、oys know a lot about football （ D） children are not interested in football at all 33 There is a great difference between schools in England and those in Europe in that _. （ A） European schools take football seriously （ B） European schools often arrange football matches for their pupils （ C） schools
41、in England care little about lessons （ D） schools in England believe character training to be part of education 34 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of the football game? （ A） It makes people selfish. （ B） It encourages cooperation. （ C） It is good for health. （ D） It is n
42、ot expensive. 35 What is the authors attitude towards the football game in England? （ A） Critical. （ B） Positive. （ C） Negative. （ D） Doubtful. 36 Good Music Music which is original is individual and personal. That is to say, it can be identified as belonging to a particular composer. It has particu
43、lar qualities, or a style, which are not copied from another. If you can recognize the style of a composer, you will probably be able to tell that a certain composition belongs to him or her even though you have never heard it before. A basket-maker has the skill of weaving and interweaving his mate
44、rials to create colorful patterns, and an expert carpenter(木匠 ) has the skill of joining together different shapes and sizes of wood to make a beautiful piece of furniture. These skills may be referred to as “workmanship“ (技艺 ). Similarly, in music a composer organizes his melodies(旋律 ) and rhythms
45、and combines sounds to create harmony. A composer may be capable of thinking up very good, original tunes, yet if tunes are poorly organized, that is, if the workmanship is poor, the final result will not be up to standard. Good music expresses feelings in a way that is suitable to those feelings. T
46、hese may be joy, sorrow, fear, love, anger, or whatever. Bad music, on the other hand, may confuse unrelated feelings, it may not express any not express any important feeling at all, or it may exaggerate some feelings and make them vulgar, that is, cheap and ugly. Good music will stand the test of
47、time. It will not go out of fashion but will continue to be enjoyed and respected long after it is first introduced. It will gain a king of permanent status while bad music will disappear and be forgotten quickly. In pop music, where the general rule seems to be “the newer the better“, the test of t
48、ime is the hardest test of all To pass. 36 A piece of original music _. （ A） has a personal style （ B） sounds very familiar to our ears （ C） is one whose style you cannot recognize （ D） can not be recognized as belonging to any composer 37 We can see good workmanship in _. （ A） different shapes and
49、sizes of furniture （ B） materials for creating colourful patterns （ C） a piece of music with its melodies and rhythms organized in harmony （ D） a piece of music with very good, original tunes mixed together 38 A piece of music can be said to be good if _. （ A） it helps to while away the hours （ B） it combines different rhythms and sounds （ C） it makes people forget their sorrows and worries quickly （ D） it expresses a certain f
