1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 26及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 She was a puzzle. （ A） girl （ B） woman （ C） problem （ D） mystery 2 Her specialty is heart surgery. （ A） region （ B） site （ C） field （ D） platform 3 France has kept intimate links with its form
2、er African territories. （ A） friendly （ B） private （ C） strong （ D） secret 4 You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly. （ A） spread （ B） mixed （ C） beaten （ D） covered 5 The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society. （ A） destroyed （ B） broke （ C） smash
3、ed （ D） changed 6 Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first. （ A） posted （ B） sent （ C） given （ D） handed 7 The change in that village was miraculous. （ A） conservative （ B） amazing （ C） insignificant （ D） unforgettable 8 Customers often defer payment for as long as possible
4、. （ A） make （ B） demand （ C） postpone （ D） obtain 9 Canada will prohibit smoking in all offices later this year. （ A） ban （ B） remove （ C） eliminate （ D） expel 10 She read a poem which depicts the splendor of the sunset. （ A） declares （ B） asserts （ C） describes （ D） announces 11 From my standpoint,
5、 this thing is just ridiculous. （ A） field （ B） point of view （ C） knowledge （ D） information 12 The latest census is encouraging. （ A） statement （ B） assessment （ C） evaluation （ D） count 13 The curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy. （ A） different （ B） proud （ C） uncomfo
6、rtable （ D） unconscious 14 Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it. （ A） able （ B） fortunate （ C） qualified （ D） competent 15 He was elevated to the post of prime minister. （ A） pulled （ B） promoted （ C） lifted （ D） treated 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句
7、子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Inventor of LED When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, are use
8、d in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology. On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $ 500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year
9、 that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors. “Anytime you get an award, big or little, its always a surprise. “ Holonyak said. Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 195
10、0s. After graduate school, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches. Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking at how to ge
11、nerate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective. Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University o
12、f Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didnt realize how many uses they would have. “You dont know in the beginning. You think youre doing something important, you think its worth doing, but you really cant tell what the big payoff is going to be,
13、and when, and how. You just dont know. “ he said. The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of “molecular sieves,“ that can separate molecules by size. 16 Holonyaks colleagues thought he wou
14、ld fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson MIT Prize sooner or later. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Holonyak was the inv
15、entor of the transistor in the early 1950s. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Holonyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the future. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C）
16、 Not mentioned 21 Edith Flanigen is the only co-inventor of LEDs. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题；
17、 (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Screen Test 1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer, ff this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey pub- lished last year, 21 countries have screening progr
18、ammes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50. 2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays beca
19、use their breast tissue is denser. 3 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analyzed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would
20、cause. 4 The mathematical model recommended by Britains National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lowe
21、r figure of 20 cancers. 5 The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant“ compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and .treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 w
22、omen screened. 6 But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimize the techn
23、ique“ for breast cancer screening. 7 “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,“ admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detect
24、ed and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. Thats why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme. “ A. Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman B. Investigating the Effect of Screening C. Effects Predicted by Two Different Models D. Small Risk of Inducing Ca
25、ncers from Radiation E. Treatment of Cancers F. Factors That Trigger Cancers 23 Paragraph 2 _. 24 Paragraph 3 _. 25 Paragraph 4 _. 26 Paragraph 5 _. 26 A. be costly B. harmful C. save a life D. still open to debate E. reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer F. reduced to the minimum 27 Earl
26、y discovery of breast cancer may_. 28 Advantages of screening women under 50 are_. 29 Delaying the age at which screening starts may_. 30 Radiation exposure should be_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 How to Start a Small Business in the US People from other co
27、untries often take America as the “land of opportunity“. Americans, too, believe that the country gives no end of chances to those who want to open their own businesses. Today, many Americans are still trying hard to become small business people, although only one out of two remains in operation aft
28、er the first two years. Many people start their small businesses for the wrong reasons. They want to get away from the paper work of their present jobs, or to exchange the responsibility of their present jobs for free life styles. But more, not less, paper work and responsibility come with ownership
29、 of a small business. Thomas is the owner of the news magazine Mother Earth, which is now quite successful. He says that he had to work sixty hours without stopping when he was trying to bring out the first issue. Thomas had waited for years after he came up with the idea for Mother Earth. During th
30、at time, he collected as much information as he could about his business. He borrowed books from the library, talked to successful people in the field, and began planning carefully the amount of money and the kinds and numbers of supplies he would need. When he finally opened with a capital of $ 1,5
31、00 ,he set up his office in the kitchen and his printing press in the garage. Owing to his devotion(投入 )to business, his talent, and his skill in management, Mother Earth now has a circulation(发行量 ) of 300,000. Not all small businesses are doing as fine as Mother Earth as 50% of the 450,000 that sta
32、rt in America every year fail. Still, 95% of businesses in the US can be called “small“. Altogether these businesses amount to 40% of Americas gross national product(国民生产总值 ). 31 According to the passage, which of the following is true of the small businesses in the U.S.? （ A） All of them close down
33、 in the first two years. （ B） Most of them fail within the first two years. （ C） They all make big profits. （ D） Only half of them continue to operate after the first two years. 32 According to paragraph 2, many people start small businesses in order to _. （ A） do heavy work or earn more money （ B）
34、do less paper work or take less responsibility （ C） do more paper work or take less responsibility （ D） do light work or live quiet lives 33 What preparations did Thomas make before he started his business? （ A） He stayed at home. （ B） He borrowed money from a bank. （ C） He made investigations and d
35、rew up a plan. （ D） He wrote a book. 34 Thomas success can be attributed to _. （ A） his talent, his skill in management, and his devotion to his work （ B） his good luck （ C） his good relations with a business manager （ D） his good treatment of his workers 35 How many businesses in the U. S. can be c
36、alled “small“? （ A） 5% （ B） 40% （ C） 50% （ D） 95% 35 U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars NASA scientists said that Mars was covered once by vast lakes, flowing rivers and a variety of other wet environments that had the potential to support life. Laboratory tests aboard NASAs Phoenix Mars Lander h
37、ave identified water in a soil sample. The landers robotic arm delivered the sample Wednesday to an instrument that identifies vapors produced by the heating of samples. “We have water,“ said William Boynton of the University of Arizona, lead scientist for the Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer, or TE
38、GA. “This is the first time Martian water has been touched and tasted. “ The robotic arm is a critical part of the Phoenix Mars mission. It is needed to trench into the icy layers of northern polar Mars and deliver samples to instruments that will analyze what Mars is made of, what its water is like
39、, and whether it is or has ever been a possible habitat for life. The soil sample came from a trench approximately 2 inches deep. When the robotic arm first reached that depth, it hit a hard layer of frozen soil. Two attempts to deliver samples of icy soil on days when fresh material was exposed wer
40、e foiled when the samples became stuck inside the scoop. Most of the material in Wednesdays sample had been exposed to the air for two days, letting some of the water in the sample vaporize away and making the soil easier to handle. “Mars is giving us some surprises,“ said Phoenix principal investig
41、ator Peter Smith of the University of Arizona. “Were excited because surprises are where discoveries come from. One surprise is how the soil is behaving. The ice-rich layers stick to the scoop when poised in the sun above the deck, different from what we expected, from all the Mars simulation testin
42、g weve done so far. “ Since landing on May 25, Phoenix has been studying soil with. a chemistry lab, TEGA, a microscope, a conductivity probe and cameras. The science team is trying to determine whether the water ice ever thaws enough to be available for biology and if carbon-containing chemicals an
43、d other raw materials for life are present. The mission is examining the sky as well as the ground. A Canadian instrument is using a laser beam to study dust and clouds overhead. “Its a 30-watt light bulb giving us a laser show on Mars,“ said Victoria Hipkin of the Canadian Space Agency. A full-circ
44、le, color panorama of Phoenixs surroundings also has been completed by the spacecraft. “The details and patterns we see in the ground show an ice-dominated terrain as far as the eye can see,“ said Mark Lemmon of Texas A what would it be like if we could understand dogs?“ Bowlingual has two parts.【 4
45、8】 The translation is done in the gadget using a database (资料库 ) containing every kind of bark. Based on animal behaviour research, these noises are divided into six categories: happiness, sadness, frustration, anger, declaration and desire.【 49】 In this way, the database scientifically matches a“ b
46、ark to an emotion, which is then translated into one of 200 phrases. When a visitor went to Fukudas house recently, the dog barked a loud“ bow wow“. This translated as“ Dont come this way“【 50】 The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US $120 It can store up to 100 barks,
47、 even recording the dogs emotions when the owner is away. A. A wireless microphone is attached to the dogs collar, which sends information to the gadget held by the owner. B. Nobody really knows how a dog feels. C. It was followed by“ Im stronger than you“ as the dog growled(嗥叫 )and sniffed(嗅 ) at t
48、he visitor. D. More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer. E. Now, the Japanese girl thinks she knows. F. Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like “Lets play“,“ Look at me“, or “Spend more time with me“. 六、 完形填空 (第 51-65题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面的短文有 15处空白
49、，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定 1个最佳选项。 50 Cell Phone Lets Your Secret Out Your cell phone holds secrets about you. Besides the names and【 51】 that youve programmed into it, traces of your DNA linger(逗留 ) on the device, according to a new study. DNA is genetic(遗传的 ) material that【 52】 in every cell. Like your fingerprint, your DNA is unique to you【 53】 you have an identical twin. Scientists today routinely analyze DNA in blood, saliva(涎，唾液 ), or hair left【 54】 at
