1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 41及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定 1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Our English teacher is sick. （ A） fat （ B） weak （ C） ill （ D） mad 2 Mary is looking for the book she lost yesterday （ A） trying to find （ B） trying to read （ C） trying to buy （ D） trying to b
2、orrow 3 I rarely play basketball. （ A） normally （ B） seldom （ C） frequently （ D） usually 4 My father is a physician. （ A） researcher （ B） professor （ C） doctor （ D） student 5 The Foreign Service is a branch of the Department of State. （ A） center （ B） division （ C） root （ D） base 6 That guy is reall
3、y witty. （ A） ugly （ B） smart （ C） honorable （ D） popular 7 The world champion suffered a sensational defeat. （ A） dramatic （ B） reasonable （ C） humiliating （ D） horrifying 8 It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job. （ A） prepared （ B） trained （ C） guided （ D） qualified 9 This poem depicts th
4、e beautiful scenery of a town in the South. （ A） praises （ B） writes （ C） describes （ D） Imitates 10 The meaning is still obscure. （ A） transparent （ B） vague （ C） alien （ D） significant 11 Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies. （ A） destroy （ B） decrease （ C） pollute （ D） delay 12 One theor
5、y postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia. （ A） expects （ B） assumes （ C） predicts （ D） considers 13 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules. （ A） follow （ B） remember （ C） understand （ D） learn 14 I hope that I didnt do anything absurd last night. （ A） awkward （
6、 B） strange （ C） awful （ D） stupid 15 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children. （ A） advocate （ B） forbid （ C） inherit （ D） withdraw 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22 题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句 提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Green Roof Research T
7、he concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs, thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent(流行 )in Germany, which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research. The gre
8、en roofs that are used these days can be classified as “extensive“ and “intensive“ systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses, grasses and herbs, which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not need much maintenance, can be grown in a layer of substrate(土层 )that can be as shallow as 1. 5 inches,
9、and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs, such as shrubs(灌木 )and even trees, which require deeper substrate layers, and are usually grown on flat roofs. They need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas that
10、resemble parks which are accessible to people. There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic(美学的 )benefits of gardenlike environments surrounding you, some of the common economic and ecological benefits are: a reduction in the cons
11、umption of energy; air and water purification; recovering green spaces; and the mitigation(缓解 )of the heat island effect in urban areas. The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs, the methods of propagation
12、(繁殖 )as well as establishment, nutrient(养料 )and water requirement, substrates, and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation criteria of plant species are: at what rate they can be established their capacity to withstand invasive weeds; tolerance of cold and heat; tolerance of drought
13、 conditions; capacity of persistence and survival. A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment, which are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the growing substrates, and the r
14、ate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms. Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors, and all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential marketa market that is too huge to be overl
15、ooked. 16 It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 German people prefer extensive green roof systems to intensive ones. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Small plants like grasses and herbs are grown widely o
16、n intensive green roofs. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Green roof is an ecologically sound strategy of spreading green in urban areas. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 One of the benefits of green roofs is the reduction of the heat island effect in cities. （ A） Right （ B） Wr
17、ong （ C） Not mentioned 21 One focus in the green roof research is the evaluation of suitable plant species. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Although green roof technology can create a gardenlike environment, its potential market is rather small. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三
18、、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 The Supercomputer Network 1 Recently ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked. Their computers have been connected so
19、they can “talk“ to each other. This may not seem very dramatic news, but it is the beginning of a development that will increase the power of the Internet tremendously. 2 The Internet is an interconnected(互联 )system of networks that connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission
20、 and exchange of information. The way that you use the Internet is by accessing this network. This depends on the power that your system allows you to use. The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download(下载 )files, how much data you can store, etc. If your computer is old and
21、 slow, accessing the information can be very difficult. 3 The new development in information technology has been called “the grid“(网络技术 ), and it will be a network of computers that are linked together. The “grid“ will work in a different way from the Internet, enabling you to get the power of the b
22、iggest computers in the world on your computer. Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer. The idea is that while you access information, you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations. 4 One advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geo
23、graphical location will become irrelevant. The “grid“ will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to db the job you want. This means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska. 5 The “grid“ can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant. You
24、 can give your assistant a task and “he“ will do it for you. The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect the data, compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centres in the “grid“ that happen to have the relevant information. All you have to do
25、is assign the task, sitback and wait. 6 At present, possible applications of the “grid“ in scientific research are being explored. While it has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread, experts believe that the “grid“ could be up and running for private individuals far more qu
26、ickly. Scientists working on “grid“ projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years. A. How does the “grid“ work? B. Power shared C. Just make a request D. Limitations of present Internet use E. Distance is not a problem F. A new era for the Internet 23 Paragra
27、ph 2_. 24 Paragraph 3_. 25 Paragraph 4_. 26 Paragraph 5_. 26 A. the bigger computer stations B. the advantage C. ten years D. information E. your personal assistant F. fifteen years 27 Traditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access_. 28 The “grid“ will enable you to get
28、on your computer the power of_in the world. 29 The “grid“ would be like_, who can perform your tasks efficiently. 30 It is believed that the widespread use of the “grid“ will become possible in the next. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45 题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Genetically Modified Fo
29、ods If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, healthy, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long g
30、rain traditions-and vocal green lobbiesthe idea seems against nature. In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of out lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the U.S. last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Departme
31、nt of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the U.S. this year. The genetic genie(妖怪 )is out of the bottle. Yet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved. Like any new product entering the food chain, genetically modified food
32、s must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the issue is sim
33、pler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks? The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the worlds population reached 6 billion. The U. N. estimates that nearly 800 million people around the world are undernourished. The effects are devastat
34、ing. About 400 million women of child-bearing age are iron deficient, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defects. As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness. How can biotech help? Biotechnologists have developed genetically modif
35、ied rice that is fortified with beta-carotene-which the body converts into vitamin A and additional iron, and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to pests,
36、 drought, poor soil and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi. 31 Whats the passage mainly about? （ A） The worlds food problems. （ B） The new advancement in biotech. （ C） The characteristics of genetically modified foods. （ D） How biotech can help solve the worlds food problems. 32 According to the passag
37、e, genetically modified foods_. （ A） are superior to naturally grown foods （ B） might prove to be risky to human health （ C） are going to replace naturally grown foods （ D） can solve the food problems in developing countries 33 The sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.“ in Para. 2 probab
38、ly means_. （ A） the genetic genie, the key technology in producing genetically modified foods, is out in the market （ B） the genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets （ C） genetically modified foods are available everywhere （ D） technology with which to produce genetically modifie
39、d foods may have powers unpredictable or uncontrollable by man 34 According to the passage, biotech can help solve the problem by_. （ A） producing foods that contain more nutrients needed by human beings （ B） creating more varieties of foods （ C） producing beta-carotene and vitamin A more efficientl
40、y （ D） producing anti-virus crops 35 The authors attitude toward genetically modified foods is_. （ A） enthusiastic （ B） cautious （ C） disapproving （ D） optimistic 35 The Function of Adverts Most people would protably agree that many individual consumer adverts function on the level of the daydream.
41、By picturing quite unusually happy and glamorous people whose success in either career or sexual terms, or both, is obvious, adverts construct an imaginary world in which the reader is able to make come true those desires which remain unsatisfied in his or her everyday life. An advert for a science
42、fiction magazine is unusually explicit about this. In addition to the primary use value of the magazine, the reader is promised access to a wonderful universe through the product-access to other mysterious and tantalizing worlds and epochs, the realms of the imagination. When studying advertising, i
43、t is therefore unreasonable to expect readers to decipher adverts as factual statements about reality. Most adverts are just too meager in informative content and too rich in emotional suggestive detail to be read literally. If people read them literally, they would soon be forced to realize their e
44、rror when the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didnt materialize. The average consumer is not surprised that his purchase of the commodity does not redeem the promise of the advertisement, for this is what he is used to in life: the individuals pursuit of happiness and success is usually i
45、n vain. But the fantasy is his to keep; in his dream world he enjoys a “future endlessly deferred“. The Estivalia advert company is quite explicit about the fact that advertising shows us not reality, but a fantasy; it does so by openly admitting the daydream but in a way which insists on the existe
46、nce of a bridge linking daydream to reality-Estivalia, which is “for daydream believers“, those who refuse to give up trying to make the hazy ideal of natural beauty and harmony come true. If adverts function on the daydream level, it clearly becomes inadequate to merely condemn advertising for chan
47、neling readers attention and desires towards unrealistic, paradisiacal(天堂似的 )nowhere land. Advertising certainly does that, but in order for people to find it relevant, the Utopia(乌托邦 )visualized in adverts must be linked to our surrounding reality by a causal connection. 36 The people in adverts ar
48、e in most cases_. （ A） glamorous （ B） arrogant （ C） obvious （ D） sexy 37 When the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didnt materialize the average consumer is not surprised, because_. （ A） the consumer is used to the fact that the individuals pursuit of happiness and success is usually in va
49、in （ B） adverts are factual statements about reality （ C） the consumer can come into the realms of imagination pictured by adverts （ D） adverts can make the consumers dream come true 38 Why does the consumer accept the daydream in adverts? （ A） Because the consumer enjoys a “future endlessly deferred“. （ B） Because the consumer enjoys up trying to make his dream come true. （ C） Because the Utopia is visualized in adverts. （ D） Because his purchase of the commod
