1、职称英语（理工类） B级模拟试卷 21及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 When she was invited to the party, she readily accepted. （ A） willingly （ B） suddenly （ C） firmly （ D） quickly 2 Gas does accumulate in the mines around here. （ A） increase （ B） spread （ C） co
2、llect （ D） grow 3 Their translation was faulty. （ A） wrong （ B） ambiguous （ C） unclear （ D） unbelievable 4 When Jack eventually overtook the last truck, he pulled over to the inside lane. （ A） skipped （ B） passed （ C） reached （ D） led 5 There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country. （ A
3、） a steady （ B） a plentiful （ C） an extra （ D） a meager 6 The discovery was sensational. （ A） sexy （ B） surf)rising （ C） exceptional （ D） exciting 7 The train came to an abrupt stop, making us wonder where we were. （ A） slow （ B） noisy （ C） sudden （ D） jumpy 8 Soil is the surface layer of the Earth
4、that nourishes and supports the growth of rooted plants. （ A） accepts （ B） arranges （ C） feeds （ D） shelters 9 Certain programs work better for some than for others. Your doctor will be able to tell you which option is best suited for you. （ A） alternative （ B） alternation （ C） detection （ D） diagno
5、sis 10 At first Mr. Harrison lost money on his investment, but finally it paid off. （ A） borrowed money （ B） survived （ C） was wealthy （ D） succeeded 11 In the darkness, the hunter perceived that something was moving in the bushes. （ A） discovered （ B） realized （ C） saw （ D） sensed 12 They all think
6、 that the prices of personal computers will soon plunge. （ A） fall （ B） leap （ C） rise （ D） sink 13 The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him. （ A） long （ B） never-ending （ C） boring （ D） extensive 14 The book made a great impact on its readers. （ A） force （ B） influence （ C） surprise （ D） powe
7、r 15 We need to extract the relevant financial data. （ A） store （ B） save （ C） obtain （ D） review 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息， 请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 EL Nino While some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1
8、997 EL Nino(厄尔尼诺现象，指赤道东太平洋南美沿岸海水温度剧烈上升的现象 )a few months in advance, the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large EL Nino events up to two years in advance. That would be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that E
9、L Nino can produce in various parts of the world. Using a computer, the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later EL Nino occurrences(发生 )between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate EL Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were repo
10、rted in the latest issue of the journal Nature. The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare, a meteorologist(气象学家 )at the University of California, Davis, who was not involved in the work, said it “ suggests EL Nino is indeed predictable“. “This will probably convince others
11、to search around more for even better methods, “ said Weare. He added that the new method “ makes it possible to predict EL Nino at long lead(提前的 )times“. Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for re
12、cent decades, Weare said. The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance. The 1997 EL Nino, for example, caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide, offset(抵消 )by beneficial effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of the European Centre for Mediu
13、m-Range Weather Forecasts in Reading, England. The 1877 EL Nino, meanwhile, coincided(同时发生 )with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China, prompting the development of seasonal forecasting, Anderson said. When EL Nino hit in 1991 and 1997, 200 mi
14、llion people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 2002 United Nations report. While predicting smaller EL Nino events remains tricky(复杂的 ), the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed. EL Nino tends to develop between A
15、pril and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two to seven years. The new forecasting method does not predict any major EL Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is
16、possible. 16 The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict EL Nino a few months in advance. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Weare s contribution in predicting EL Nino was highly praised by other meteorologists. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 According to
17、 Weare, Columbia University researchers have found the best way to predict large EL Nino events. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by EL Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not men
18、tioned 20 In 1997, EL Nino caused about $20 billion in damage worldwide. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 It takes about eight months for EL Nino to reach its peak. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Predicting smaller EL Nino events is possible if the new method is confirmed. （
19、A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Electromagnetic Energy 1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is
20、not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy. 2 The sun is 93 mi
21、llion miles away from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space. 3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic wa
22、ves. Infrared(红外线的 )radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays(紫外线 )and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. I
23、nfrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right through solid objects.
24、They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones. 4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.
25、When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too. 5 Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun
26、was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed(利用 )by man. Chemi
27、cal energy comes from electron(电子 )rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the sun s energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which
28、hydrogen is changed into helium(氦 ). 6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy. A. Nuclear Reac
29、tions as the Lasting Source of the Sun s Energy B. The Most Important Source of Energy C. Types of Electromagnetic Energy D. X-rays Are Used to Detect and Treat Cancer E. Seeking New Sources of Energy F. Nuclear Energy Is Beginning to Compete With Coal 23 Paragraph 3_ 24 Paragraph 4_ 25 Paragraph 5_
30、 26 Paragraph 6_ 26 A. electromagnetic energy B. electromagnetic energy travels through space C. came from the sun D. when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place E. when the sunrays are fierce F. chemical energy is generated 27 Visible light that produces warmth is an example of_. 28 We can
31、use energy from the sun because _. 29 The energy stored in coal _. 30 When electron rearrangement takes place, _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 The Sahara The name Sahara derives from the Arabic word for “desert“ or “steppe“. At 3.5 million square miles, an a
32、rea roughly the size of the United States, the Sahara Desert in northern Africa is the largest desert in the world. It spans the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. Daytime temperatures can reach as high as 130F. The humidity sometimes gets into the teens. But it can also be as low as
33、2. 5 percent, the lowest in the world. Most of the Sahara receives less than five inches of rain per year, while large areas sometimes have no rainfall at all for years. At the heart of the Sahara is the landlocked north African country of Niger. Here the sand dunes can be 100 feet tall and several
34、miles long. Here sand plains stretch over an area larger than Germany where there is neither water nor towns. Yet sitting in the midst of the surrounding desert is the town of Bilma. Suddenly there are pools of clear water. Surprisingly, there are groves of date palms. Underground water resources, o
35、r oases, sufficient to support irrigated agriculture are found in dry stream beds and depressions. Irrigation ditches run off a creek to water fields. Corn, cassava, tea, peanuts, hot peppers, and orange, lime , and grapefruit trees grow in these fields. Donkeys and goats graze on green grass. The S
36、ahara of Niger is still a region where you can see a camel caravan of 500 camels tied together in loose lines as long as a mile, traveling toward such oasis towns. There a caravan will collect life-sustaining salt, which is mined from watery basins, and transport it up to 400 miles back to settlemen
37、ts on the edges of the desert. The round trip across the vast sands takes one month. 31 This passage is mostly about_. （ A） life in the Sahara （ B） the deserts of Africa （ C） Bilma （ D） how camels travel in the desert 32 Rainfall in most of the Sahara is_. （ A） less than five inches per year （ B） le
38、ss than ten inches per year （ C） less than twenty inches per year （ D） zero 33 The Sahara can be described as （ A） a place of contrasts （ B） a place where no one lives （ C） an area where the winters are cold （ D） an area that appeals to many tourists 34 The phrase “an area roughly the size of the Un
39、ited States“ gives an indication of the size of （ A） northern Africa （ B） Niger （ C） the Sahara （ D） all of Africa 35 In this passage “caravan“ means （ A） traveling circus （ B） group traveling together through difficult country （ C） railroad train （ D） a small, fast sailing ship 35 Ants Have Big Imp
40、act on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers“ Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as “ecosystem engineers“ and predators. The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology , found that ants have two
41、distinct effects on their local environment. Firstly, through moving the soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food c
42、hain. Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers. Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the university s Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said, “Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge number
43、s. They re also very territorial and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area. “ “In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we
44、 found is that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web, “ Sanders said. The study, carried out in Germany, studied t
45、he impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both of which can be found across Europe, including the UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly
46、the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, the predation counteracting the positive influence. Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said:“ What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on anima
47、l groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effect thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering. “ Ants are important components of the ecosystem not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but
48、 also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem. Ants are importa
49、nt in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms. 36 Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers? （ A） Because they build their own nests. （ B） Because they collect food. （ C） Because their activity affects the environment. （ D） Because they are predators. 37 As predators, ants_. （ A） prey on small as well as large animals （ B） collect nutritious food f
