1、职称英语（理工类） C级模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 A new system of quality control was brought in to overcome the defects in the firms products. （ A） invested （ B） introduced （ C） installed （ D） insisted 2 The old concerns lose importance and s
2、ome of them vanish altogether. （ A） develop （ B） disappear （ C） link （ D） renew 3 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance. （ A） beats （ B） matches （ C） maintains （ D） announces 4 The govemment is debating the education laws. （ A） discus
3、sing （ B） defeating （ C） delaying （ D） declining 5 They had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year. （ A） goods （ B） soil （ C） climate （ D） harvest 6 The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center. （ A） get rid of （ B） set up （ C） repair （ D） pain
4、t 7 During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation. （ A） permanent （ B） powerful （ C） striking （ D） practical 8 It is out of the question that the inspector will come .tomorrow. （ A） impossible （ B） possible （ C） probable （ D） likely 9 Techniques to employ
5、the energy of the sun are being developed. （ A） convert （ B） store （ C） use （ D） receive 10 Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices. （ A） slight （ B） surprising （ C） sudden （ D） harmful 11 Cement was seldom used in building t
6、he Middle Ages. （ A） crudely （ B） rarely （ C） originally （ D） occasionally 12 Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized branches. （ A） conventionally （ B） obviously （ C） especially （ D） inevitably 13 We were astonished to hear that their football
7、team had won the champion. （ A） amazed （ B） amounted （ C） amused （ D） approached 14 There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country. （ A） a steady （ B） a plentiful （ C） an extra （ D） a stable 15 The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources. （ A） pu
8、zzling （ B） difficult （ C） terrifying （ D） urgent 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选 择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Plants in Desert Only special plants can survive the terrible climate of a desert, for these are regions when the annual ra
9、nge of the soil temperature can be over 75 . Furthermore, during the summer there are few clouds in the sky to protect plans from the sun s ray. Another problem is the fact that there are frequently strong winds that drive small, sharp particles of sand into the plants,earing and damaging them. The
10、most difficult probiem for all forms of plant life, however, is the fact that the entire annual rainfall occurs during a few days or weeks in spring. Grasses and flowers in desert survive from one year to the next by existing through the long, hot, dry season in the form of seeds. These seeds remain
11、 inactive unless the fight amount ofrain falls. If no rain falls, or if insufficient rain falls, they wait until the next year, or even still the next. Another factor that helps these plants to survive is the fact that their life cycles are short. By the time the water from the spring rains disappea
12、rs just a few weeks after it falls such plants no longer need any. The perennials (多年生植物 ) have special features that enable them to survive as plants for several years. Thus, nearly all desert perennials have extensive root systems below ground and a small shoot system above ground. The large root
13、network enables the plant to absorb as much water as possible in short time. The small shoot system, on the other hand, considerably limits water loss by evaporation. Another feature of many perennials is that after the rainy season they 10se their leaves in preparation for the long, dry season, jus
14、t as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in preparation for the winter. This reduces their water loss by evaporation (蒸发 ) duing the dry season. Then, in next rainy season, they come fully alive once more, and grow new branches, leaves and flowers, just as the grasses and flowers in desert do. 16 O
15、rdinary plants are unable to survive in the desert mainly because of the changeable weather. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Grasses and flowers in desert are unable to survive because they stay in the form of seeds to wait for the right amount of water to come. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C
16、） Not mentioned 18 Grasses and flowers in the desert whose life cycles are short shows their ability to adapt to the quick disappearance of rainwater there after it falls in spring. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Winter is the toughest season for the grasses and flowers to survive. （ A）
17、 Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The shoot system of perennials can help the plants absorb less of the sun s ray. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The theme of the second last paragraph is why the perennials can survive as plants for several years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not me
18、ntioned 22 Desert perennials lose their leaves after the rainy season just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in wetter climates because winter arrives, but the reasons for this features are different. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务：
19、(1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Robots 1. The most sophisticated (先进的 ) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are cons
20、idered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe. 2. Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接 ), spray-painting and assembling components. 3. In Britain, r
21、obot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effect
22、ively. 4. It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job. 5. It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material
23、 published in Japan. 6. The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B. F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliabilit
24、y is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample. 7. The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots-can work more accurately and consistently
25、 than humans, who can get tired and bored. 23 A Ongoing Research B Extension of Use C Robot Heroes D Greater Reliability E Failing Demand F Hidden Danger 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 5 _ 26 Paragraph 6 _ 27 A too much energy B based on American designs C they are too costly D they
26、are not reliable E good to quality control F free of charge 27 Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are _. 28 Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because _. 29 One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume _. 30 It is claimed that introducing robots is _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题
27、，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Mobile Phones Mobile phones should carry a label if they proved to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers (发射塔 ) should be built until the long-term health effects of
28、 the radiation they emit (放射 ) is scientifically evaluated, he said. “Nobodys going to drop dead overnight but we should be asking for more scientific information,“ Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation. “If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should
29、 carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,“ he said. A report widely circulated (传播 ) among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no iii effects on humans from radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3.3 million mobile phon
30、es in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day. By the year 2000 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones: nearly one for every two people. As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Australia, many in high density (密度 ) residential areas. For example, T
31、elstra, Optus and Vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community. The radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby. Robert Bell suggests that until more resea
32、rch is completed the government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 meter radius (半径 ) of school grounds, child care centers, hospitals, spots playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children. He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-le
33、vel radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults. He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to radiation the growth rate of the disease accelerates (提高 ). Robert Bell calls on the major telephone companies to-fund adequate research and urges (敦促 ) the gov
34、ernment to set up a wide ranging inquiry into possible health effects. 31 According to Robert Bell, if mobile phones prove to be dangerous to peoples health, （ A） they should be banned immediately. （ B） the use of them should be restricted. （ C） all transmitter towers should be torn down. （ D） a war
35、ning label should be attached. 32 How many mobile phone users will there be in Australia by the year 2000, according to the passage? （ A） 3.3 million. （ B） Almost half of the population. （ C） One third of the population. （ D） One fourth of the population. 33 Many transmitter towers were built （ A） o
36、n high mountains. （ B） in places suitable to the phone users. （ C） in areas which can take in radiation. （ D） in densely populated areas. 34 Who absorb low-level radiation at a higher rate than the others? （ A） Children. （ B） Men. （ C） Women. （ D） Old people. 35 This article mainly argues that （ A）
37、the government should restrict the number of mobile phone users. （ B） mobile phones may have iii effects on people. （ C） mobile phones have proved to be harmless to peoples health. （ D） no more phone towers should be constructed. 36 A Thirsty World The world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty fo
38、r water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earths surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea-water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3%-the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot eve
39、n use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs (冰山 ) and glaciers (冰川 ). Even worse, some of it has been polluted. At the moment, this small amount of fresh water is still enough for us. However, our need for water is increasing rapidly. Only if we take steps to deal with this prob
40、lem now can we avoid a severe worldwide water shortage later on. A limited water supply would have a bad effect on agriculture and industry. In addition to stopping wasting our precious water, one useful step we should take is to develop ways of reusing it. Experiments have already been done in this
41、 field, but only on a small scale. Today, in most large cities, water is used only once. and it eventually returns to the sea or runs into underground storage tanks. But it is possible to pipe water that has been used to a purifying (净化 ) plant. There it can be filtered (过滤 ) and treated with chemic
42、als so that it can be used again just as if it were fresh from a spring. But even if every large city purified and reused its water, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next? To the oceans! All wed have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is-remove the salt. This salt-r
43、emoving process is already in use in many parts of the world. So if we take all these steps, well be in no danger of drying up! 36 The phrase “the world“ in the first line of the passage refers to （ A） man. （ B） you. （ C） woman. （ D） they. 37 What percentage of the earths water can man actually use
44、at present? （ A） Nearly 75 per cent. （ B） About 97 per cent. （ C） Exactly 3 per cent. （ D） Less than 3 per cent. 38 According to the passage, we can avoid a worldwide water shortage in the future by （ A） increasing rainfall. （ B） reusing water and utilizing sea-water. （ C） cutting down our consumpti
45、on of water. （ D） reducing the number of factories producing steel. 39 Which of the following statements, according to the passage, is NOT true? （ A） A limited water supply will affect industrial production. （ B） Every large city purifies and reuses its water. （ C） Purified water is not exactly as f
46、resh as spring water. （ D） Oceans are the largest water source. 40 According to the passage, sea-water can be turned into fresh water by （ A） heating it up. （ B） treating it with chemicals. （ C） taking salt out of it. （ D） drying it up. 41 Computers in Cars Youre far from home on a lonely road. Shad
47、owy forests stretch away on both sides. A thick mist (雾 ) makes it difficult to see far beyond your cars windshield (挡风玻璃 ). “Can this be route 90A?“ you wonder. If it is, you should be near a town. Yet theres no hint of one. Night is closing in. And youre low on gasoline. This is a situation where
48、an in-car computer that can navigate would be a big help. A car computer that navigates? Yes! Such computers exist. Several experimental models are being tested by General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, and several foreign car makers. These computers vary in detail. But they all contain series of maps on v
49、ideodiscs or videotapes. For example, one computer system contains 13,300 maps covering the continental US. Before starting out on a trip, a driver can type in the code for the region he or she plans to drive through. The computer then shows a map of that region. At the same time, a tiny radio receiver linked to the computer goes to work. It picks up signals from navigation satellites such as the NAVSTAR network. Using these signals, the computer shows the cars positio
