1、职称英语（综合类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 19及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The 1960s saw a change in the form and content of movies, treating subjects that for so many years were considered taboo. （ A） unpleasant （ B） prohibited （ C） unethical （ D） worthless 2 Ev
2、en a novel in which there is no narrator tacitly creates a picture of an author behind the scenes. （ A） theoretically （ B） purposely （ C） instinctively （ D） implicitly 3 The legislative filibuster is a parliamentary tactic designed to delay or prevent action by the majority. （ A） tradition （ B） rule
3、 （ C） observance （ D） maneuver 4 Tanning by the sun takes place because sunlight stimulates the skin to produce the pigment melanin. （ A） burning （ B） roasting （ C） browning （ D） scorching 5 5. Tempestuous times preceded the declaration of war. （ A） terrible （ B） turbulent （ C） trying （ D） temperate
4、 6 All of the tenants in the building complained about the lack of hot water. （ A） old people （ B） landlords （ C） superintendents （ D） occupants 7 Glaciers terminate where the rate of ice loss is equivalent to the forward advance of the glacier. （ A） stop （ B） turn （ C） crack （ D） rotate 8 Communica
5、tion satellites generally use solar cells as their source of electric power, although some test satellites have used thermoelectric generators. （ A） superior （ B） authorized （ C） former （ D） experimental 9 Some children display an unquenchablecuriosity about every new thing they encounter. （ A） insa
6、tiable （ B） inherent （ C） indiscriminate （ D） incredible 10 The compact dictionaries published in recent years are not as unwieldy as some of the older editions. （ A） complete （ B） tiresome （ C） reliable （ D） cumbersome 11 Would you bring me some up-to-date catalogues? （ A） current （ B） well-documen
7、ted （ C） lavish （ D） hostile 12 William Faulkners stories reflect his Mississippi upbringing. （ A） education （ B） cousins （ C） visits （ D） accent 13 According to the American Red Cross, blood and plasma donors are urgently needed after natural disasters or other catastrophes. （ A） typically （ B） con
8、ceivably （ C） tentatively （ D） desperately 14 Age is one of the variables which seems to determine the attitude of an older person toward conformity. （ A） sections （ B） factors （ C） results （ D） stimuli 15 After listening to the testimony, the members of the jury delivered their verdict. （ A） senten
9、ce （ B） decision （ C） cross-examination （ D） foreman 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Food and Health The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in
10、 making food more fit to eat, it has at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon (结肠 ). Different cultures are more likely to develop certain illnesses becau
11、se of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates (硝酸盐 )commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives, accused cancer. Yet, these additives remain in our food, a
12、nd it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin(青霉素 ) to beef and poultry(家禽 ),and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk o
13、f treated cows. Sometimes similar drags are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, hut for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to contr
14、ol these procedures, the practices continue. 16 As a result of scientific intervention (介入 ) ,some harmful substances have been added to our food. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Nitrates are usually used for keeping the smell of food. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 “FDA“ me
15、ans Food and Drug Administration. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 All the drugs given to the living animals are for the health of the living animals. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Food may cause forty percent of cancer in the world. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned
16、21 The FDA has tried to control the process of food. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Eighty percent of all animal illnesses are related to food. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选 项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27
17、-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Volts from the Sky 1 Lightning has caused awe and wonder since old times. Although Benjamin Franklin demonstrated lightning as an enormous electrical discharge more than 200 years ago, many puzzles still surround this powerful phenomenon. 2 Lightning is generated wh
18、en electrical charges separate in rain clouds, though processes are still not fully understood. Typically, positive charges build at the cloud top, while the bottom becomes negatively charged. In most instances of cloud-to-ground lightning, the negatively charged lower portion of the cloud repels ne
19、gatively charged particles on the grounds surfaces, making it become positively charged, The positive charge on the ground gathers at elevated points. 3 A flow of electrons begins between the cloud and earth. When the voltage charge becomes large enough, it breaks through the insulating barrier of a
20、ir, and electrons zigzag earthward. We see the discharge as lightning. 4 Lightning can occur within a cloud, between clouds, or between clouds and the ground. The first variety, intra-cloud lightning, is the most frequent but is often hidden from our view. Cloud-to -ground lightning, making up about
21、 20 percent of lightning discharges, is what we usually see lightning comes in several forms, including sheet, ribbon, and ball, Intra-cloud lightning can illuminate a cloud so it looks like a White sheet, hence its name. When cloud-to-ground lightning occurs during strong winds, they can shift the
22、lightning channel sideways, so it looks like a ribbon. The average lightning strike is more than 3 miles long and can travel at a tenth of the speed of light. Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball that appears near the impact point, moves
23、horizontally, and lasts for several seconds. 5 Thunder is generated by the tremendous heat released in a lightning discharge second. This sudden heating acts as an explosion, generating shock waves we hear as thunder. 6 About 2,000 thunderstorms are occurring in the world at any time, generating abo
24、ut 100 lightning strikes every second, or 8 million daily. Within the United States, lightning strikes are estimated at 20 million a year, or about 22,000 per day. You have a 1-in-600,000 chance of being struck by lightning during your lifetime. Lightning can strike twice or more in the same spot. T
25、he Empire State Building in New York is struck by lightning about two dozen times annually. 7 You can measure how far you are from a lightning strike by counting the seconds between viewing the flash and hearing the bang, and then dividing by five. This approximates the mileage. 23 A Cloud-to-ground
26、 lightning occurring in the U. S. B Types of lightning C Cause of lightning D Differences between thunder and thunderstorm E Frequencies of thunderstorms occurring in the world and the U. S F Shock waves as thunder 23 Paragraphs 2 and 3_ 24 Paragraph 4_ 25 Paragraph 5_ 26 Paragraph 6_ 27 A occurs mo
27、st infrequently B is shifted sideways by strong winds C is often hidden from our view D is equipped with a good knowledge of various forms of lightning E is estimated at 20 millions a year F is positively charged 27 In most cases of cloud to-ground lightning the grounds surface_ 28 One form of light
28、ning that _is ball lightning. 29 Cloud-to-ground lightning looks like a ribbon when its lightning channel_ 30 Although not fully understanding processes of lightning man_ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Energy Crisis One key question for the next century is how
29、 we provide energy in an environmentally sound way. As living standards rise in the developing world, energy consumption will increase. As a result, many countries are now opening the door for private investment in a sector that used once to be solely the preserve of government. In the developed wor
30、ld, the move is towards the deregulation and privatization of electricity generation and distribution. There is also a trend towards locally-generated energy, particularly in the developing world. Factories and shopping centers may one day have their own power sources. Progress is also being made in
31、 minimizing the environmental impact of energy production and consumption. A motor car today puts out perhaps 5 percent of the pollution a new car did in 1970. We can produce clean power too but it costs, so in the new millennium(一千年 ) were to some extent going to have the environment we can afford.
32、 The spectre of scarce or impossibly expensive energy is no longer with us, thanks to a combination of opening up new regions of the world and new technologies. Shortage is very unlikely. Environmental considerations mean there is a seriousness too about alternative energy sources that wasnt there t
33、en years ago. Right now the fuel cell is at the top of the list of alternative technologies. Advances in turbine transportation mean that natural gas is going to have an ever-increasing role. Nuclear power may prove competitive enough to have a much longer life than many expect, but until theres a m
34、ajor change in public sentiment, I dont expect to see much new nuclear construction. Will the grip of oil on personal transportation continue? Sports utility vehicles like Land Rovers and jeeps are hardly the perfect means of urban transport. But people have become very attached to their automobiles
35、. So until we get around to technology where we beam ourselves around, I suspect well continue to have them. Some may be electric; others could run on cleaner oil-based fuel or natural gas. One area which is certainly not clear is the impact of the internet on transport. On the one hand, you will be
36、 able to accomplish by sitting in front of a screen what you used to have to go to the airport for, on the otherhand, increased knowledge may well fuel a rising demand for travel. We are only at the beginning of a revolution that is already being called a bigger revolution than the internal combusti
37、on engine(内燃机 ). 31 Which of the following is true about the use of energy? _ （ A） In the developing countries, there is a trend toward locally-generated energy. （ B） In the developed world, clean power is used in motor cars. （ C） A motorcar today puts out perhaps 5 times of the pollution a new car
38、did in 1970. （ D） Factories and shopping centers are able to have their own power sources. 32 According to the passage, what is NOT an alternative energy source? _ （ A） Fuel cell. （ B） Nuclear power. （ C） Petrol. （ D） Sun energy. 33 Why is there not much nuclear construction? _ （ A） Because we are a
39、ble to provide us with enough energy. （ B） Because people are usually against nuclear power. （ C） Because it is difficult to use nuclear power. （ D） Because we have found many other alternative energies. 34 Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? _ （ A） Increased know
40、ledge may well fuel a rising demand for travel. （ B） People today become very attached to their automobiles. （ C） The fuel cell is at the top of the list of alternative technologies. （ D） The Internet will have great impact on transportation. 35 According to the passage, what is the key question for
41、 the next century_? （ A） How to save as much energy as possible. （ B） How to restrict the use of nuclear energy. （ C） How to provide energy in an environmentally sound way. （ D） How to get alternative way to motor cars. 35 Work and Happiness Whether work should be placed among the causes of happines
42、s or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful question. There is certainly much work which is exceedingly weary and an excess of work is always very painful. I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less pa
43、inful than idleness. There are in work all grades, from mere relief of tedium up to the profoundest delights, according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker. Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantage
44、s. To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their own choice, are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing. And whatever they decide, the
45、y are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter. To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and at present very few people have reached this level. Moreover the exercise of choice is in itself tiresome. Except to people with unusual ini
46、tiative it is positively agreeable to be told what to do at each hour of the day, provided the orders are not too unpleasant. Most of the idle rich suffer unspeakable boredom as the price of their freedom from toil. At times they may find relief by hunting big game in Africa, or by flying round the
47、world, but the number of such sensations is limited, especially after youth is past. Accordingly the more intelligent rich men work nearly as hard as if they were poor, while rich women for the most part keep themselves busy with innumerable trifles of those earth-shaking importance they are firmly
48、persuaded. Work therefore is desirable, first and foremost, as a preventive of boredom, for the boredom that a man feels when he is doing necessary though uninteresting work is as nothing in comparison with the boredom that he feels when he has nothing to do with his days. With this advantage of wor
49、k another is associated, namely that it makes holidays much more delicious when they come. Provided a man does not have to work so hard as to impair his vigor, he is likely to find far more zest in his free time than an idle man could possibly find. The second advantage of most paid work and of some unpaid work is that it gives chances of success and opportunities for ambition. In most work success is measured by
