1、职称英语（综合类） A级模拟试卷 12及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Fog can be a hazard on the motorways in winter. （ A） protection （ B） indication （ C） immunity （ D） danger 2 We elicited truth by discussion. （ A） demanded （ B） provoked （ C） extracted （ D） def
2、ied 3 I dont quite follow what she is saying. （ A） observe （ B） understand （ C） explain （ D） describe 4 The books unusual title intrigued me into reading it. （ A） fascinated （ B） infected （ C） inconvenienced （ D） inclined 5 Global climate change was the dominant theme of the conference. （ A） notion
3、（ B） module （ C） subject （ D） norm 6 Can you spot the flaw in their argument? （ A） mixer （ B） rim （ C） monster （ D） defect 7 I wonder who first conceived the idea of cutting a hole in the door? （ A） thought of （ B） came on （ C） gave up （ D） handed out 8 A notably short man, he plays basketball with
4、his staff several times a week. （ A） practically （ B） considerably （ C） remarkably （ D） fairly 9 Norman Blarney is an artist of deep convictions. （ A） statements （ B） beliefs （ C） suggestions （ D） claims 10 Up to now, the work has been easy. （ A） So （ B） So long （ C） So that （ D） So far 11 The repor
5、t advocated setting up day training colleges. （ A） supposed （ B） excited （ C） suggested （ D） discussed 12 Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed （ A） Therefore （ B） Afterwards （ C） However （ D） Furthermore 13 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters. （ A） function （ B） ability
6、（ C） power （ D） volume 14 There has been a boom in economy in recent years. （ A） fall （ B） mistake （ C） growth （ D） flaw 15 It is self-evident that he will win the game. （ A） likely （ B） possible （ C） clear （ D） probable 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选
7、择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 American Sports The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere suffi
8、cient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game. Baseball is the most popular sport in the U
9、S. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket. Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a col
10、lege sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players
11、 on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur. Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer
12、it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly. Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although hor
13、se-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do “not assemble“ primarily to see the horses race, hut to bet upon the outcome of each
14、 race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing. 16 Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spri
15、ng and summer. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Football can be classified as a spectator sport. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Many Americans like basketball better th
16、an football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Horse-racing fans
17、cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给 的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 1 While everybody enjoys fre
18、sh cut flowers around their house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts. 2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations(康乃馨 )
19、 retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12 than when kept at 26 . Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care. 3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract bi
20、rds or insects, such as bees, for pollination(授粉 ). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide(二氧化碳 ), called respiration(呼吸 ), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also
21、depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the gre
22、ater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies. 4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low tempe
23、ratures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly. 5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to “drink“ water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almo
24、st certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白剂 )can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach( at 4% solution)be added to each liter of water. The water and
25、solution should also be replaced each day. A Control of Respiration B Beauty of Fresh Cut Flowers C Role of Respiration D Most Important Aspect of Flower Care E. Need for Clean Water F. Ways of Stopping Respiration 23 Paragraph 2 _. 24 Paragraph 3 _. 25 Paragraph 4 _. 26 Paragraph 5 _. 26 A by keepi
26、ng its original shape and color B in the life of cut flowers C to produce carbon dioxide D for as long as possible E. by controlling temperature F. to replace the water and solution every day 27 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers _. 28 Respiration plays a key role _. 29 The aging of c
27、ut flowers can be slowed down _. 30 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Pool Watch Swimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards(救生员 ) fail to notice that they are in trouble. The Royal Soci
28、ety for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger
29、 of drowning. When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside(游泳池边 ) monitoring station and a lifeguards pager. In trials(试验 )at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few months, says Alistair McQuade, a spokesman for it
30、s maker, Poseidon Technologies. Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overheard video cameras. AI software analyses the images to work out swimmers trajectories(轨道 ). To do this reliably, it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being cast onto the
31、 bottom or side of the pool. “The underwater environment. Is a very dynamic one, with many shadows and reflections dancing around, “ says McQuade. The software does this by “projecting“ a shape in its field of view onto an image of the far wall of the pool. It does the same with an image from anothe
32、r camera viewing the shape from a different angle. If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored. But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory. “To pick out potential drowning victims, anyone in the w
33、ater who starts to descend slowly is added to the softwares “pre-alert“ list,“ says McQuade. Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning. Poseidon double-cheeks that the image really is of a swimmer, not a shadow, by seeing whether it
34、 obscures the pools floor texture when viewed from overhead (在头顶上 ). If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmers location on a poolside screen. The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. One man who is impressed with
35、the idea is Travor Baylis, inventor of the clockwork(时钟机构 ) radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools and he was once an underwater escapologist (表演脱身术的人 ) with a circus. “I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives, “ he says. But he adds that any local authority spend
36、ing 30,000-plus on a Poseidon system ought to be investing similar amounts in teaching children to swim. 31 AI means the same as （ A） an image. （ B） an idea （ C） anyone in the water. （ D） artificial intelligence. 32 What is required of AI software to save a life? （ A） It must be able to swim. （ B） I
37、t must keep walking round the pool. （ C） It can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow. （ D） It can save a life within a few months. 33 How does Poseidon save a life? （ A） He plunges into the pool. （ B） It alerts the lifeguard （ C） He cries for help. （ D） It rushes to the pool. 34 Which of the f
38、ollowing statements about Trevor Baylis is NOT true? （ A） He runs. （ B） He invented the clockwork radio. （ C） He was once an entertainer. （ D） He runs a company. 35 The word “considered“ in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by （ A） thought. （ B） rated. （ C） regarded. （ D） believed. 35 Dont Count on
39、 Dung “Conservationists(自然保护主义者 )may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, “ say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung(粪 )the creatures leave behind. The mistake could l
40、ead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society(WCS) in New York. Biologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, agrees. “We really need to know elephant numbers and
41、 the evidence that we have is quite indirect, “says Payne, who electronically tracks elephants Counting elephants from planes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. They also need to know the rat
42、e at which dung decays because its extremely difficult to determine these rates. However, researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere. “But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the
43、 climate and environment. Using the wrong values can lead the census astray(离开正道 ),“ says Plumptre. He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Cameroon. They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more slowly than the dung in the rainf
44、orests of neighbouring Gabon. If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon, they would probably find more elephants than are actually around. “This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates calculated locally,“ says Plum
45、ptre “However accurate your dung density estimate might be the decay rate can severely affect the result.“ Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephants natural range. The usual technique of monitoring only small, protected areas dis
46、torts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions, he says“ If the elephant population increases within the protected area, you can not determine whether it is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached(入侵偷猎 )outside. “ Plumptre says tha
47、t similar problems may also affect other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows(地洞 ). 36 The word “threatened“ in the first sentence of the first paragraph could be best replaced by （ A） endangered. （ B） frightened. （ C） killed. （ D） angered. 37 Why do
48、researchers estimate elephant numbers in an area by counting dung piles? （ A） Because elephants are difficult to catch. （ B） Because it is not possible to count elephants from a plane. （ C） Because it is not possible to keep track of elephants. （ D） Because elephants are shy animals. 38 Piles of dun
49、g cant be relied upon when it comes to estimating elephant numbers because （ A） they are different in size. （ B） they scatter an over the region. （ C） they are different in decay rate. （ D） they are different in quality. 39 39 According to Plumptre, the region over which a dung-pile census is carried out should be （ A） small enough. （ B） well protected （ C） carefully monitored （ D） large enough. 40 The first word “He“ in paragraph 6 refers to （ A） Andrew Plumptre. （ B） Katy
