1、在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 6及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acro
2、ss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 Whatever their chosen method, Americans bathe zealously. A study conducted found that we take an average of 4. 5 baths and 7. 5 showers each week and in the ranks of non-edible items purchased by store customers, bar soap ranks second, r
3、ight after toilet paper. We spend more than $ 700 million annually on soaps, but all work the same way. Soap is composed of molecules that at one end attract water and at the other end attract oil and dirt, while repelling water. With a kind of pushing and pulling action, the soap loosens the bonds
4、holding dirt to the skin. Unless youre using a germicidal soap, it usually doesnt kill the bacteria soap simply removes bacteria along with dirt and oil. Neither baths nor showers are all that necessary and unless youre in a country where infectious diseases are common, or you have open sores on you
5、r skin, the dirt and bacteria arent going to hurt. The only reason for showering or bathing is to feel clean and refreshed. There is a physiological basis for this relaxed feeling. Your limbs become slightly buoyant in bathwater, which takes a load off muscles and tension. Moreover, if the water is
6、hotter than normal body temperature, the body attempts to shed heat by expanding the blood vessels near the surface of the skin, lessening the circulatory systems resistance to blood flow, and dropping blood pressure gently. A bath is also the most effective way to hydrate the skin. The longer you s
7、oak, the more water gets into the skin and because soap lowers the surface tension of the water, it helps you hydrate rapidly and remove dry skin flakes. However, in a bath, all the dirt and grime and the soap in which its suspended float on the surface. So when you stand up, it covers your body lik
8、e a film. The real solution is to take a bath and then rinse off with a shower, however, after leaving a tub or freshly exposed skin becomes a playground for microbes. In two hours, you probably have as many bacteria on certain parts of the body, such as the armpits, as before the bath. 1 The statem
9、ent “Americans bathe zealously“(Line 1, Paragraph 1)is closest to saying_. （ A） Americans bathe wastefully （ B） Americans are rather ambivalent to bathing （ C） Americans bathe with intense enthusiasm （ D） Americans bathe too much 2 Which of the following is mentioned as one of the benefits of bathin
10、g? （ A） Dry skins flakes will disappear from the body once you get out of the bathtub. （ B） It kills bacteria better than showering. （ C） It reduces your blood circulation if it is nice and warm. （ D） The floating action can reduce the stress on your muscles. 3 According to the text, bathing removes
11、 dry skin flakes because_. （ A） the soap draw it off the body （ B） the skin hydrates （ C） the circulation of blood expands skin particles （ D） the change in blood pressure releases the film 4 A bath will not kill the bacteria from your body even if_. （ A） you use a germicidal soap （ B） you use an an
12、ti-bacterial soap （ C） you use soap to scrub it vigorously （ D） you are under special treatment for it 5 We can infer from this text that the author believes_. （ A） the real benefits of bathing are psychological not hygienic （ B） bathing is superior to taking shower （ C） buying soap is a waste of mo
13、ney （ D） we do not need to bathe as much as we do currently 6 According to the text, which way of bath or shower is correct? （ A） Use a germicidal soap as much as possible. （ B） Take a shower firstly and then take a bath. （ C） Take a bath firstly and then take a shower. （ D） Take a shower everyday.
14、6 Tight-lipped elders used to say, “Its not what you want in this world, but what you get. “ Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things. You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is c
15、ontinually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served. Likewise, if you want to find a job, tak
16、e a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services. This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should inc
17、lude education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualif
18、ications will pay him to employ you and your “wares“ and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possi
19、ble information about your could-be job and make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgement. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now. 7 What
20、 do the elders mean when they say “Its not what you want in this world, but what you get“? （ A） Youll certainly get what you want. （ B） Its no use dreaming. （ C） You should be dissatisfied with what you have. （ D） Its essential to set a goal for yourself. 8 A blueprint made before inviting a friend
21、to dinner is used in this passage as_. （ A） an illustration of how to write an application for a job （ B） an indication of how to secure a good job （ C） a guideline for job description （ D） a principle for job evaluation 9 According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before startin
22、g to find a job because_. （ A） that is the first step to please the employer （ B） that is the requirement of the employer （ C） it enables him to know when to sell his services （ D） it forces him to become clearly aware of himself 10 When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and
23、desires, you have something_. （ A） definite to offer （ B） imaginary to provide （ C） practical to supply （ D） desirable to present 11 The account of yourself may exclude_. （ A） experience （ B） education （ C） reference （ D） blueprint 12 What can be inferred from this text? （ A） Everybody can get what
24、he/she wants after hard work. （ B） Everybody has a blueprint in his/her brain. （ C） Every blueprint can lead to a success. （ D） When you have a blueprint, it means you have prepared well for finding a job. 12 There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People ha
25、ve generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their e
26、fforts. By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as
27、they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept. In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront
28、the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail“ at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do w
29、e think were shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think were slow to adapt to change or that were not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passiv
30、e role or not to try at all. These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of o
31、ur own making. 13 A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when_. （ A） he has given up his smoking habit （ B） he has made great efforts in his work （ C） he is keen on learning anything new （ D） he has tried to determine where he is on his journey 14 In the authors eyes, one who view
32、s personal growth as a process would_. （ A） succeed in climbing up the social ladder （ B） judge his ability to grow from his own achievements （ C） face difficulties and take up challenges （ D） aim high and reach his goal each time 15 When the author says “a new way of being“(Line 3, Paragraph 3)he i
33、s referring to_. （ A） a new approach to experiencing the world （ B） a new way of taking risks （ C） a new method of perceiving ourselves （ D） a new system of adaptation to change 16 For personal growth, the author advocates all of the following except_. （ A） curiosity about more chances （ B） promptne
34、ss in self-adaptation （ C） open-mindedness to new experiences （ D） avoidance of internal fears and doubts 17 Which statement is NOT the cause for the process of personal growth being difficult to define? （ A） There are no obvious signposts or landmarks in the process. （ B） It includes the abstract t
35、hings such as feeling and attitude etc. rather than just a process. （ C） It is changing and developing constantly. （ D） There are always new ideas and new challenges appearing during the process. 18 What is needed on the way of growth in the authors eyes? （ A） Taking risks. （ B） Trying the taste of
36、failure. （ C） Trying the taste-of success. （ D） High ability of self-protection. 18 There are increasingly fraught relationships that adults are having with childrenin all walks of life, from the police and politicians, within the public sector and within communities themselves. The fear of young pe
37、ople has changed the way society is policed, how pupils are treated in schools and how insecure adults relate to children on their estates. Rather than children and young people becoming more violent and anti-social, it is adults who have changed, having fewer relationships with young people and bec
38、oming less confident in their dealings with them. We must explore the role that crime and safety initiatives have on the outlook of the public. The attempt by government, council departments, the police and many others to reduce the fear within communities by developing safety initiatives is having
39、the opposite effect, resulting in the institutionalization of this fear. Curfews have increased adults fear of young people and reduced the amount of time young children are allowed out to play. They have raised the level of insecurity amongst parents about the safety of their children and ultimatel
40、y reduced the contact between generations within this community. It is not far from the truth to say that “youth“ no longer exists if by youth we mean the freedom loving rebelliousness. The outcome of this process is breeding a generation of young people who are if anything different-more fragile an
41、d fearful than their grandparents. Finally, as well as exploring the fear of young people, we must look at the insecurity that parents have for their children. There has been a reduction in play, and specifically in “free play“, and the effect of this more regulated environment on childrens lives is
42、 yet to be determined and not something we can continually ignore in our rush to protect society from children. 19 The author is mainly directing his message towards_. （ A） adults in general （ B） the younger generation （ C） law enforcement authorities （ D） parents 20 The first paragraph is mainly ab
43、out_. （ A） the way younger people have changed （ B） the change in attitude and treatment towards youth （ C） the fewer relationships between youth and adults （ D） the fear that youth and adults have towards each other 21 The author sees safety initiatives as part of the problem because_. （ A） they ac
44、tually cause more rebelliousness （ B） they are unpopular with young people （ C） they worsen relationships and create more fear （ D） they reduce the play young people can use to expend energy 22 The author believes its possible to say youth no longer exists because_. （ A） youth have no more rebellion
45、 and freedom （ B） youth are indistinguishable in character from their grandparents （ C） they are not allowed to voice their opinions （ D） they do not love freedom the way they should 23 To correct the problem the author discusses we are advised to_. （ A） stop being so insecure towards children （ B）
46、let children play more （ C） study the roots and effects of our fear （ D） stop regulating childrens lives 24 The word “institutionalization“ in the second paragraph mainly means that_. （ A） it increases the adults fear of children （ B） it makes the adults pay more attention to childrens freedom （ C）
47、it resulted in curfews （ D） it cancelled childrens “free play“ in communities and public places 在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 6答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices mar
48、ked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 从第 1段可知，美国人洗澡频繁，对肥皂的消费巨大，因此题中该词应理解为 “狂热地 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 A项的说法不正确，第 3段开头讲道： “在洗澡时，所有污垢和悬浮着污垢的肥皂都浮于水面。
49、所以当你起身时，这些东西像一层薄膜一样覆盖全身。 ”B项不正确，第 2段指出： “除非使用除菌皂，否则肥皂通常不杀菌，只是把细菌和污垢、油渍一起洗掉。 ”可见，洗澡和淋浴都不杀菌。 C项不正 确，第 2段同时指出：洗澡能 “减少循环系统对血流的阻力，慢慢地降低血压 ”，说明洗澡可增加血液循环。只有 D项正确，因为第 2段指出： “在洗澡水中四肢微微浮起，使肌肉和身体的紧张状态得到松弛。 ” 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从第 2段末尾一句可知，因为肥皂能减轻水的表面张力，所以有助于皮肤迅速吸水，从而去除干燥的皮屑。因此 B项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 从第 2段可知，肥皂通常不杀菌。因此 C项为正确答案。 【知识 模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 从第 2段可知，洗澡不能杀菌，而且污垢和细菌一般情况下不会伤人。同时又谈到： “淋浴或洗澡的唯一理由是感觉清爽。 ”所以，作者认为洗澡的真正好处不在卫生方面，而在心理方面。因此 A项为正确答案。 【知识模块
