1、雅思（听力）模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 一、 Listening Module (30 minutes in an all-out effort to save our national bird from extinction. There are three stages to this programme: Firstly, we have the scientific research stage - this involves research to find out more about what kiwis need to survive in the wild. Then sec
2、ondly we have the action stage. This is where we go into the field and actually put our knowledge to work - we call this putting science into practice. And then we come to the third stage - the global education stage. By working with schools and groups like yourself, as well as through our award-win
3、ning kiwi website, we are hoping to educate people about the plight of the kiwi. As part of the action stage, which I just mentioned, weve introduced Operation Nest Egg and this is where your money will be going. It works like this: Its a three-stage process. First of all, we go out to the kiwis nat
4、ural habitat and we collect kiwi eggs. This is the tricky part because it can be very difficult to find the eggs. Then, in safe surroundings, away from predators . the chicks are reared. Now this can be done on predator-free islands or in captivity - theyre reared until they are about nine months ol
5、d at which stage the chicks are returned to the wild. So far its proving successful, and since we started the programme some 34 chicks have been successfully raised this year and their chances of survival have increased from 5 to 85%. However, its not time to celebrate kiwi survival just yet. About
6、95% of kiwi chicks still dont make it to six months of age without protection. Which is why Operation Nest Egg is so important and we ask you to give generously today. 11 【正确答案】 stamps and coins 12 【正确答案】 (shrill) call 13 【正确答案】 sense of smell 14 【正确答案】 fly 15 【正确答案】 introduced animals 16 【正确答案】 (sc
7、ientific) research 17 【正确答案】 global education 18 【正确答案】 eggs (are) collected 19 【正确答案】 chicks (are) reared 20 【正确答案】 5% to 85% 21 【听力原文】 Tutor: Were very pleased to welcome Professor lsaac Nebworth to our tutorial group today and hes come to share one of his pet passions with us - city traffic and o
8、ur western dependence on the motor car. I believe questions are quite welcome throughout. Professor: Thank you. Well, I know youre all very familiar with the super highway here in Melbourne. But do super highways automatically lead to super wealth, as our politicians would have us believe? I think n
9、ot. Tutor: Can you give us an example of what you mean exactly? Professor: Sure . well, by continuing to encourage this dependence on the motor car, we simply create more congestion and more urban sprawl. And you can see that here in Melbourne right under your nose. Student: Excuse me. I would just
10、like to say that I feel the sprawl is part of the city. The freeways mean people can enjoy the benefits of living away from the centre . on larger blocks with gardens but still be able to drive back into the city centre for work or entertainment. Professor: Well, Im not convinced that people want to
11、 do that. And is our money being well spent? It may be OK for you now but come back to me in five years time! Lets take City Link, for example, the new freeway here in Melbourne. Student: Well . I use the freeway all the time. I think its great. Professor: Ah yes, but it cost 2 billion to build, and
12、 you could have gotten ten times the value by putting the money into public transport. If you give the automobile road space, it will fill that space . and youll soon find youll be crawling along your City Link. Tutor: But surely, you cannot simply blame the car. Some of the blame must rest with gov
13、ernments and city planners? Student: Well there is an argument, surely, that building good roads is actually beneficial because most new cars these days are highly efficient - they use far less petrol than in the past and emissions of dangerous gases are low. Old congested roads, on the other hand,
14、encourage traffic to move slowly and its the stationary cars that cause the pollution and smog . whereas good roads increase traffic speeds and thus the amount of time cars are actually on the roads. Professor: Well . this is the old argument put forward by the road lobby but, for me its clear cut.
15、Roads equal cars which equal smog. Public transport is the way to go. Tutor: Now . on that topic of public transport, I read somewhere recently that Australia isnt doing too badly in the challenge to increase the use of public transport. Professor: Better than America, granted, but by comparison wit
16、h Canada, its not so good. For instance, if you compare Toronto with the US metropolis of Detroit only 160 kilometres away . in Detroit only 1% of passenger travel is by public transport whereas in Toronto its 24%, which is considerably better than Sydney which can only boast 16%. Tutor: Well I thin
17、k its encouraging that our least cardependent city is actually our largest city. 16% of trips being taken on public transport in Sydney, isnt too bad. Professor: But its a long way behind Europe. Take both London and Paris for instance . where 30% of all trips taken are on public transport. Tutor: W
18、ell, they do both have an excellent underground system. Professor: . and Frankfurt comes in higher still at 32%. Tutor: I understand that theyve been very successful in Copenhagen at ridding the city of the car. Can you tell us anything about that experiment? Professor: Yes indeed. Copenhagen is a w
19、onderful example of a city that has learnt to live without the motor car. Back in the 1960s they adopted a number of policies designed to draw people back into the city. For instance, they paid musicians and artists to perform in the streets. They also built cycle lanes and now 30% of the inhabitant
20、s of Copenhagen use a bicycle to go to work. Sydney, by comparison, can only boast 1% of the population cycling to work. Student: It could have something to do with all the hills! Professor: Then they banned cars from many parts of the city and every year 3% of the city parking is removed and by con
21、stantly reducing parking theyve created public spaces and clean air. Student: Really! ! Student: Really! ! Professor: There are also freely available bicycles which you can hire for practically nothing. And of course, they have an excellent public transport system. Student: Oh, thats all very well f
22、or Copenhagen. But Id just like to say that some cities are just too large for a decent public transport system to work well. Particularly in areas with low population, because if there arent many people using the service then they dont schedule enough buses or trains for that route. Professor: I ac
23、cept that there is a vicious circle here, but people do need to support the system. Student: And secondly, the whole process takes so long because usually you have to change . you know, from bus to train - that sort of thing, and that can be quite difficult. Ultimately its much easier to jump in you
24、r car. And often it turns out to be cheaper. Professor: Sure . but cheaper for whom, you or society? We have to work towards the ideal and not give in all the time because things are too difficult . Anyway, lets move on to some of the results of the survey . 21 【正确答案】 C 22 【正确答案】 A 23 【正确答案】 A 24 【正
25、确答案】 B 25 【正确答案】 Sydney 26 【正确答案】 Frankfurt 27 【正确答案】 A 28 【正确答案】 D 29 【正确答案】 B 30 【正确答案】 F 31 【听力原文】 Lecturer: In todays lecture Id like to look at the topic of food preservation and start by asking the obvious question Why do we need to preserve food? Well, apart from keeping it fresh for our dail
26、y needs, many foods, such as fruit and vegetables are only available at certain times of the year so if we want to be able to eat these foods ally ear round, we need to preserve them. We also need to preserve food for export overseas to make sure that it doesnt perish in transit, and lastly we need
27、to be able to preserve food for when there are food shortages. There are a number of methods of preserving food which involve both high and low temperatures, chemicals, irradiation and drying. Lets have a look at these in turn. In the 1870s the French scientist, Louis Pasteur, showed that micro-orga
28、nisms in food could be destroyed by raising the temperature of the food - a process now known as pasteurisation. This involves heating milk to just 65C for 30 minutes. A new method, the ultra-high temperature or UHT process, involves heating milk to 150 for three seconds. The advantage of treating m
29、ilk in this way is that it lasts much longer though I tend to feel, and Im sure many of you would agree, that taste is somewhat sacrificed in the UHT process. Tin cans were first used in the early 1800s to store and preserve food. Just as they are now, the cans were tinplated, steel containers and t
30、he process had the advantage of being cost effective. Unfortunately, however, there were many early cases of food-poisoning because the canning process was not fully understood at that stage. We now know the exact temperature and length of time each food needs for proper preservation which has great
31、ly reduced the risk of food-poisoning. People living in cold climates often preserved food by burying it in the snow and the Romans knew all about the advantages of packing food in ice but for most people this was not an option until the invention of the refrigerator in 1834. Today, however, refrige
32、ration is the most important means of preserving food because the food stays fresh without needing to be treated. However, refrigeration requires an electricity supply and unfortunately if the power goes off, so does the food! A variety, of chemicals can be added to food and youll find their names l
33、isted on the labels of cans and bottles. Salt is probably the oldest of all the chemical preservatives and was used by many ancient civilisations for many years.Sugar also acts as a preservative and is used to preserve jams in much the same way that vinegar is used to pickle foods. Chemical preserva
34、tives are effective but they do not suit all foods and the processes involved are timeconsuming. Another method of preserving food is by drying it. Most foods are 75% to 90% water so if you remove the water the micro-organisms simply cant survive. When food is dried it not only lasts a long time but
35、 it also becomes much lighter which is a big advantage as this makes it cheap to store, though some people argue that valuable nutrients are lost in the process. Early methods for drying food involved cutting it into strips and hanging it in the sun or over fires. But there are now a number of more
36、modern methods which involve the use of recent technology. One of these is known as roller drying and its a highly effective way of making dried foods from liquids, such as soup. Have a look at this diagram to see how it works. Well, first of all, the hot soup is poured in at one end-here. The liqui
37、d spreads to form a thin layer on a heated belt. The liquid dries as it moves alonq. By the time it reaches the end of the belt, all the water has evaporated leaving only dry powder. A blade then scrapes the dried material off the roller and captures it in powder form. All you have to do is add boil
38、ing water and you have your hot soup back again, ready to drink! Another method is called freeze drying . 31 【正确答案】 export/transit (overseas) 32 【正确答案】 food shortages 33 【正确答案】 lasts longer/lasts much longer 34 【正确答案】 food-poisoning/poisoning 35 【正确答案】 electricity/electricity supply/supply of electricity/power 36 【正确答案】 chemical preservation/add (adding) chemicals/using chemicals (not salt/sugar/vinegar) 37 【正确答案】 cheap to store 38 【正确答案】 (hot) soup 39 【正确答案】 (heated) belt 40 【正确答案】 powdered soup/dried soup/dry soup
