1、雅思（阅读）模拟试卷 12 及答案与解析 一、 Reading Module (60 minutes) 1 READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Coming of Age A Three striking facts highlight the dramatic shift in recent years in the relative economic balance of “first-world“
2、 and “third-world“ economies. Last year, according to our estimates, emerging economies produced slightly more than half of world output measured at purchasing-power parity. Second, they also accounted for more than half of the increase in global GDP in current-dollar terms. And third, perhaps most
3、striking of all, the 32 biggest emerging economies grew in both 2004 and 2005. Every previous year during the past three decades saw at least one country in recession-if not a deep crisis. Some economies will inevitably stumble over the coming years, but, thanks to sounder policies, most can look fo
4、rward to rapid long-term growth. The young emerging economies have grown up in more ways than one. B Such happenings are part of the biggest shift in economic strength since the emergence of the United States more than a century ago. As developing countries and the former Soviet block have embraced
5、market-friendly economic reforms and opened their borders to trade and investment, more countries are industrialising than ever before-and more quickly. During their industrial revolutions America and Britain took 50 years to double their real incomes per head; today China is achieving that in a sin
6、gle decade. In an open world, it is much easier to catch up by adopting advanced countries technology than it is to be an economic leader that has to invent new technologies in order to keep growing. The shift in economic power towards emerging economies is therefore likely to continue. This is retu
7、rning the world to the sort of state that endured through- out most of its history. People forget that, until the late 19th century, China and India were the worlds two biggest economies and todays “emerging economies“ accounted for the bulk of world production. C Many bosses, workers and politician
8、s in the rich world fear that the success of these newcomers will be at their own expense. However, rich countries will gain more than they lose from the enrichment of others. Fears that the third world will steal rich-world output and jobs are based on the old fallacy that an increase in one countr
9、ys output must be at the expense of anothers. But more exports give developing countries more money to spend on imports-mainly from developed economies. Faster growth in poor countries is therefore more likely to increase the output of their richer counterparts than to reduce it. The emerging econom
10、ies are helping to lift world GDP growth at the very time when the rich worlds ageing populations would otherwise cause growth to slow. D Although stronger growth in emerging economies will make developed countries as a whole better off, not everybody will be a winner. Globalisation is causing the b
11、iggest shift in relative prices (of labour, capital, commodities and goods) for a century, and this in mm is causing a significant redistribution of income. Low-skilled workers in developed economies are losing out relative to skilled workers. And owners of capital are grabbing a bigger slice of the
12、 cake relative to workers as a whole. E As a result of China, India and the former Soviet Union embracing market capitalism, the global labour force has doubled in size. To the extent that this has made labour more abundant, and capital relatively scarcer, it has put downward pressure on wages relat
13、ive to the return on capital. Throughout the rich world, profits have surged to record levels as a share of national income, while the workers slice has fallen. Hence western workers as a whole do not appear to have shared fully in the fruits of globalisation; many low-skilled ones may even be worse
14、 off. However, this is only part of the story. Workers wages may be squeezed, but as consumers they benefit from lower prices. As shareholders and future pensioners, they stand to gain from a more efficient use of global capital. Competition from emerging economies should also help to spur rich-worl
15、d productivity growth and thus average incomes. F To the extent that rich economies as a whole gain from the new wealth of emerging ones, governments have more scope to compensate losers. Governments have another vital role to play, too. The intensifying competition from emerging economies makes fle
16、xible labour and product markets even more imperative, so as to speed up the shift from old industries to new ones. That is why Europe and Japan cannot afford to drag their heels over reform or leave workers ill-equipped to take up tomorrows jobs. Developed countries that are quick to abandon declin
17、ing industries and move up market into new industries and services will fare best as the emerging economies come of age. Those that resist change can look forward to years of relative decline. Those that embrace it can best share in the emerging economies astonishing new wealth. 1 Questions 1-4 The
18、text has 6paragraphs (A-F). Which paragraph contains each of the following pieces of information? 1 Advice for developed countries. 2 The reason that it is faster to develop nowadays. 3 The fact that in the 30 years before 2004, not all large developing economies grew. 4 The fact that domination of
19、the global economy by Western countries is unusual in global history. 5 Questions 5-8 Complete the following sentences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text. 5 Developing economies can catch up with developed ones faster because they dont have to _. 6 Growth in developing countries helps deve
20、loped economies because of spending _. 7 Capital is being used more efficiently because it is _. 8 Economic _ is required in many developed economies. 9 Questions 9-13 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet write TRUE if
21、the information in the text agrees with the statement FALSE if the information in the text contradicts the statement NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 9 Large developing economies should not have any problems in the future. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 10 If one country increases production
22、, another country will have to reduce its production. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 11 Globalisation is causing greater differences in income. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 12 Low-skilled workers in developed economies are earning less. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 13 Japan is not spending enough on educati
23、on. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 14 READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below. British Universities Seek Quantity and Quality A Pity the poor British professor. Once upon a time in the halcyon 1960s, his students were a privilege
24、d few, an academic elite drawn from the top four percent of the population. New university arrivals were literate and numerate; crimes against grammar were the exception rather than the rule. According to a new comprehensive survey of British university faculty and staff, all that has changed. “They
25、 incoming students dont know how to write essays-they just assemble bits from the Internet,“ commented a disgruntled Oxford tutor. “Even the cream of candidates do not necessarily know how to use an apostrophe,“ added another. B The decline in student competence parallels a dramatic increase in Brit
26、ish university and college enrolment over the past decade, spurred in recent years by Prime Minister-Tony Blairs push to get half of all young Britons a university degree. As professors and business owners alike decry the quality of university students and graduates, more than a few observers are qu
27、estioning the wisdom of packing ivory towers with the masses. Students themselves may begin to question whether higher education is overvalued, with tuition rates set to rise steeply next fall. C British universities and colleges are teeming with almost 2.5 million young adults, a 12-fold increase o
28、f 1960s numbers, and up almost fifty percent over the past decade alone. A report published last month for the Association of Graduate Recruiters found that almost half of the top 200 employers of university graduates were unhappy with the calibre of candidates. The recent survey, conducted by Oxfor
29、d University and Universities the shopping is optional. Companies such as Marks & Spencer recognise the trend, which is why theyve started putting coffee shops and bookshops in their stores. The experience of shopping is just as important to us as what we end up taking home. The “experience economy“
30、 was first predicted in a 1998 article in the Harvard Business Review by James Gilmore, an American business consultant who advocates, among other things, sleep deprivation as an idea booster. The idea was later expanded into The Experience Economy: Work is Theatre & Every Business a Stage. Written
31、with B. Joseph Pine, the book posits that we are in the middle of a profound economic shift. Just as we moved from a goods to a service economy, now we are shifting from a service to an experience economy. Accordingly, to stand out in the marketplace, companies need to offer not just goods and servi
32、ces but experiences. Companies are no longer mere suppliers but stagers of events designed to be experienced. The newest retail stores prove the point: the flagship Toys “R“ Us shop in Times Square in New York is no “pile em high, sell em cheap“ emporium. Visitors are immersed in the Toys “R“ Us exp
33、erience as soon as they encounter the Ferris wheel at the front door. Other attractions include two floors designed as a Barbie house, and an anima-tronic dinosaur. Shoppers are called guests. The idea is to foster an emotional attachment between company and consumer, and hope that “guests“ will wan
34、t to acquire a memento that reminds them of the warm fuzzy feelings they had during the experience. The hippest companies of the moment - Starbucks, Apple and, on a smaller scale, the drinks company Innocent - are all admired within the business industry for their ability to connect emotionally with
35、 their consumers and for proving that people will pay a premium to buy into their world. An Innocent fruit smoothie, for example, costs about 2, much more than a non-branded smoothie. Magazine reviews of the Apple iPod, which always criticise its battery life and exorbitant price tag, are inevitably
36、 forgiving because of the iPods iconic design and an en- during affection for the companys perceived ability to do things differently. Visitors to Apples six British stores are encouraged to use an “online concierge“ to help them to plan their trip, showing that progressive companies have bought in
37、fully to the hospitality concept. The conveyor belt of business publishing also attests to the increasing importance of the customer experience. Pine and Gilmores groundbreaking offering was followed by such tomes as Priceless: Turning Ordinary Products into Extraordinary Experiences (which became r
38、equired reading at IBM, Estee Lauder and Pizza Hut) and Making Meaning: How Successful Businesses Deliver Meaningful Customer Experiences. They all preach the same gospel: that, contrary to what companies think, not all consumers are focused on bagging the cheapest product. The buying experience is
39、critical (which is why we have not all switched to internet shopping or no-frills airlines). The most notable aspect of the experience economy is how much we are prepared to pay for a purely non- material experience, such as a day in a spa or a trip to Prague. A collision of social trends is respons
40、ible. This era is unique in the coming together of various trends such as globalism, multiculturalism and a demographic shift in terms of longevity. There are more leisure activities around today than twenty years ago. We are aware of these other activities and cultures and we now have the money to
41、experience them. Now that we are living longer, we have more time to try different things. 27 Questions 27-30 For each question, only ONE of the choices is correct. Write the corresponding letter in the appropriate box on your answer sheet. 27 Trevor Beattie is least likely to _. （ A） think of a goo
42、d way of advertising something. （ B） fly in a military plane. （ C） buy a nice, fast car. 28 An experience economy has grown in Britain because _. （ A） most people have enough things. （ B） people like new ideas. （ C） buying things has become too expensive. 29 Shopping malls such as Bluewater _. （ A）
43、are changing the way they present themselves. （ B） have been slow to recognize changes in consumer behaviour. （ C） are unhappy with the idea of an experience economy. 30 Retailers focusing more on experiences still aim to make sales through _. （ A） better marketing techniques. （ B） calling cutomers
44、guests. （ C） selling customers things that remind them of their experiences. 31 Questions 31-35 Complete the following sentences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text. 31 James Gilmore thinks that people become more creative when subjected to _. 32 Starbucks is a company that has managed to d
45、evelop an _ with its customers. 33 Pine and Gilmores books suggest that not all consumers focus on buying the _. 34 Internet shopping lacks the _. 35 People have time for more experiences partly because they are _. 36 Questions 36-40 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Re
46、ading Passage 3? In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet write TRUE if the information in the text agrees with the statement FALSE if the information in the text contradicts the statement NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 36 In Britain, the total amount of money spent on buying things has gon
47、e down in the last ten years. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 37 Some shopping malls have a cinema to enhance peoples shopping experience. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 38 iPods are often criticized for being too expensive. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 39 Apple is considered to be a creative company. （ A）真 （
48、B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 40 Companies believe there is a clear limit to how much people will pay for experience. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 雅思（阅读）模拟试卷 12 答案与解析 一、 Reading Module (60 minutes) 1 【正确答案】 F 2 【正确答案 】 B 3 【正确答案】 A 4 【正确答案】 B 5 【正确答案】 develop new technologies 6 【正确答案】 on imports 7 【正确答案】 relativ
49、ely scarcer 8 【正确答案】 reform 9 【正确答案】 B 10 【正确答案】 B 11 【正确答案】 A 12 【正确答案】 C 13 【正确答案】 C 14 【正确答案】 E 15 【正确答案】 C 16 【正确答案】 B 17 【正确答 案】 G 18 【正确答案】 B 19 【正确答案】 C 20 【正确答案】 D 21 【正确答案】 E 22 【正确答案】 G 23 【正确答案】 AB 24 【正确答案】 AC 25 【正确答案】 C 26 【正确答案】 BC 27 【正确答案】 C 28 【正确答案】 A 29 【正确答案】 A 30 【正确答案】 C 31 【正确答案】 sleep deprivation 32 【正确答案】 emotional attachment 33 【正确答案】 cheapest product 34 【正确答案】 buying experience 35 【正确答案】 living longer 36 【正确答案】 C 37 【正确答案】 A 38 【正确答案】 A 39 【正确答
