1、雅思（阅读）模拟试卷 85及答案与解析 0 Read the text below and answer Questions 1-7. Clear Lighting Use energy more efficiently and help save the planet by switching to low- energy light bulbs. Many of us still use traditional bulbs around the house. But simply replacing one traditional 100-watt bulb in your home wi
2、th a low-energy equivalent will save you the amount of electricity required to make 1,200 cups of tea. It will also reduce your annual electricity bill, so as well as using less energy, youll be paying less money. This is because traditional bulbs only use 10% of the electrical energy to produce lig
3、ht, while the remaining 90% is wasted as heat. Low-energy bulbs, which are also known as compact fluorescent lamps, or CFLs, are more efficient because most of the electrical energy is used to generate actual light instead. CFLs are more expensive to buy, costing an average of 6 each compared to 40p
4、 for a traditional equivalent, but they work out cheaper in the long run because they use less electricity and are much more durable, lasting at least six times longer. However, they do have some drawbacks. For example, they can have a slow start-up, taking some time to reach their full brightness,
5、so you are recommended to use them where they will be left on for longer periods, such as your living room or hallway. This also avoids frequent switching on and off, which may also shorten the life of the bulb. CFLs are also noticeably dimmer when used in cold conditions, such as in a garage or out
6、side, as this can reduce the bulbs efficiency, so this is not recommended. Finally, CFLs are also likely to be up to three times heavier than traditional bulbs, which may make them unsuitable for some light fittings, so you should always check these before changing your bulbs. Questions 1-7 Look at
7、the information about lighting on page 140. Complete the sentences below with words taken from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet. 1 If you change your type of light bulb you could save both energy and_. 2 Conventional bu
8、lbs convert most of the energy they use into_. 3 You do not need to replace CFLs very often because they are very_. 4 When they are first switched on, CFLs may have a_. 5 Constantly using the light switch may_of a CFL. 6 Low temperatures may reduce the_of CFLs. 7 CFLs may weigh more than other bulbs
9、, so you must only use them with appropriate_. 7 Read the text below and answer Questions 8-13. Rights in the workplace This leaflet explains your legal rights when you are at work, including what your employer must(and must not)do for you. Do I need a contract? A written contract of employment is u
10、seful to have because it sets out what you can expect from your job and from your employer. There are laws to protect workers, whether or not they have a written contract. Every worker has the right to be paid and to enjoy a reasonably safe place of work. You also have certain legal rights, such as
11、the right not to be discriminated against at work because of your sex, race or disability. What can I do if I dont have a written contract? Every employee has a legal right to receive a written statement which sets out your terms of employment. You should get this within eight weeks of starting your
12、 job. The terms include basic things like the name of your employer and where you will be working, the date you started work, how much you will earn and when you will be paid. It will also include terms about your hours of work, your holiday entitlement and any benefits, such as holiday and sickness
13、 pay and pensions. It should also state the length of notice you both have to give, as well as any disciplinary rules. In many cases, employers dont do all of this. They either give employees a short offer letter or nothing at all. This is partly because an employer cant be fined for not giving you
14、a proper contract. If you want a contract, but your employer wont give you one, all you can do is apply to an employment tribunal for a list of what should be included in your written statement. Questions 8-13 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the extract above? In boxe
15、s 8-13 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 8 Employers have to provide written contracts for their employees. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ C） NOT GIVEN 9 There are laws
16、 to ensure that people are treated equally at work. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ C） NOT GIVEN 10 A written statement has the same value as a contract. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ C） NOT GIVEN 11 Employers should give written terms of employment to employees in the first two months of the job. （ A） TRUE （ B） FA
17、LSE （ C） NOT GIVEN 12 Employers must contribute towards their employees pensions. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ C） NOT GIVEN 13 An employment tribunal can force employers to issue contracts. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ C） NOT GIVEN 13 Read the text below and answer Questions14-20. Adult Education Courses: Compu
18、ting skills for all levels A Introduction to Computing This 10-week course is for those with only a little experience but no confidence in your computing skills. It aims to help you to get to know your way around the computer, to understand the jargon and to use the basic applications of word proces
19、sing, database and spreadsheets. Fees: 25 payable at start of course. B Computer Literacy and Information Technology A certificated course offering three or more modules chosen from, e.g. word processing, database, spreadsheets, spreadsheet graphic data and computer art. This course is suitable for
20、those with a basic understanding of computers. Fees: 10 per module, payable at start of course. C Integrated Business Technology 1 This 30-week programme consists of five set modules that must be successfully completed in order to gain the intermediate level Certificate in IBT. Word processing, data
21、base, spreadsheets, spreadsheet graphic data and integrated documents are all covered. This is a challenging course leading to a good level of accuracy, presentation, business understanding and skill. Entry qualification Certificate in Computer Literacy and IT. Fees: 75 payable at start of programme
22、, or 25 payable at the start of each 10-week session. D Text/Word Processing Levels 1, 2 and 3 Students wishing to apply will be assessed and entered for the appropriate exam course. All abilities are catered for, including absolute beginners with no previous keyboard experience(Level 1 group). Fees
23、: 20, 25 or 30 according to level. Additional examination fee of 10 both payable in advance of course to reserve a place. E Integrated Business Technology 2 Six set modules must be successfully completed in order to gain the certificate for this 60-week course. The modules will include Electronic Co
24、mmunication, File Management, Source Data Processing, Automated Presentation Production and Publication Production. This is a high-level course aimed at further developing business understanding, presentation and effective computing skills. Applicants must have the IBT intermediate level certificate
25、 and an intermediate level qualification in Desk Top Publishing, as well as experience of using email. Fees: 125 payable at start of course only. Booking essential for course places. Questions 14-20 Look at the information on five computer courses on the page opposite. For which course are the follo
26、wing statements true? Write the correct letter A-E in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet. NB: You may use any letter more than once. 14 People who know nothing about computers can join this course. 15 This course does not lead to any formal qualification. 16 Students can pay for parts of this course a
27、t different times. 17 This is an advanced-level course. 18 Those applying for this course only need one relevant qualification. 19 Students on this course can choose the number of components they want to do. 20 Students have to pay extra money to take the final test on this course. 20 Read the text
28、below and answer Questions 21-27. ENROL NOW AT YOUR CENTRE Welcome to our new Adult Community Education brochure. You will find a wide range of learning opportunities which reflect the County Councils commitment to community-based adult learning. How to join a course Our courses are very popular so
29、we advise you to enrol early to avoid disappointment. By post: complete the booking form and return it together with your cheque to the main centre organising your course. In person: at one of our main centres. Details of opening times can be found under the information for each centre. At an inform
30、ation week: This is held at our main centres prior to the beginning of term. You can meet your tutor to make sure you have chosen the right course before you enrol. At the first session: Only if there are places available, so please telephone the centre beforehand. Further information You can teleph
31、one your main centre for the latest information on the availability of courses. Ask for a course description sheet, which will give you more details on the suitability of each course. Come to a main centre at the beginning of term where you can talk to members of staff. Visit our website at www.midl
32、and.edu.uk/adult Lifelong learning for all additional needs We aim to accommodate students with disabilities into our provision wherever possible. Your main centre can give you information on special equipment and/or individual learner support which may be available to enable you to join our course.
33、 Disabled access does vary from centre to centre, however, so please check with your centre before enrolling. Child care Many of our centres offer creche facilities, which are staffed by experienced and qualified workers. Please book early, as places are limited. How much do courses cost? The prices
34、 are displayed in three bands and are inclusive of tuition and registration fees. However, there may be additional costs such as examination fees, materials and books. You can find out about these at the main centre. Band A: Full fee. Band B: Fee payable by people over the age of 60. Band C: Fee pay
35、able by low-income groups on recognised benefits. NB: If you are claiming a reduction in fees you will be required to bring evidence of your entitlement when you enrol, and at the start of each term. Questions 21-27 Look at the information opposite about enroliing for adult courses. Complete the sen
36、tences below with words taken from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 21-27 on your answer sheet. 21 People who mail their applications have to send a_together with payment. 22 Before all the courses start, the main centres hold_. 23 It is not al
37、ways possible to enrol at_of popular courses. 24 For more information about course content, students can talk to tutors, check the website or request a_. 25 Many centres have special facilities and services for students with physical problems, but not all centres have_. 26 Course fees only cover the
38、 cost of_. 27 People such as senior citizens and those with little money can get a_. 27 Read the text below and answer Questions 28-40. Battle of the BagThe world has declared war on the plastic bag. What did this harmless item do to attract such a negative reaction? Caroline Williams explains.For a
39、 growing number of environmentalists, the humble plastic bag has become public enemy number one an unnecessary evil that must be stopped. The only people who have a good word to say about plastic bags are the plastic-bag industry, unsurprisingly. They claim that plastic bags are nowhere near the wor
40、lds worst environmental problem and say the reason they are under attack is because they are an easy and emotive target that reflects individuals guilt about general environmental responsibility. So who is right?Since it was introduced in the 1970s, the plastic bag made from high-density polyethylen
41、e has become part of our lives, and today most people around the world dont use anything else to carry their shopping. Estimates differ, but it is thought that the UK gets through at least 9 billion plastic bags a year. Globally, we carry home between 500 billion and a trillion every year. That is 1
42、50 bags a year for every person on Earth, or, to put it another way, a million a minute and rising. In the UK, even though up to 7 billion plastic bags may be reused, they still end up in rubbish bins, while a few become street litter. But ultimately the vast majority end up in landfill sites as was
43、te. Only a fraction are incinerated for energy production and an even smaller number are recycled into heavy-duty plastic.Startling as these statistics may be, they do not explain why plastic bags have become so hated, as they still constitute only 1% of UK litter. Claire Wilton of the environmental
44、 group Friends of the Earth claims that plastic bags are a waste of resources in that we use them once and throw them away. But there are bigger and better examples of fossil fuel waste, so the issue is also about visible pollution.Samantha Fanshawe of the UK Marine Conservation Society points out t
45、hat, Plastic bags exceed what you would anticipate to be their pollution impact because they are so much more mobile than other types of litter. Once the wind reaches them, they become a highly visible problem, blowing around streets and getting caught in the branches of trees.But plastic bags can a
46、lso have a devastating effect on wildlife, and the problem is increasing. One victim was a Minke whale washed up in northern France in 2002, with 800 kilograms of plastic bags and other packaging blocking its stomach. The Planet Ark Environmental Foundation in Australia estimates that tens of thousa
47、nds of marine animals and birds are killed every year, and since most marine animals die far out at sea, the real death toll may be much higher.Denmark was among the first to try reducing these problems in 1994 when they introduced a tax on packaging, including carrier bags. This led to a 66% drop i
48、n take-up at the checkout, despite the fact that it was the retailers and not their customers who had to pay up. Taiwan, China, followed in 2001, charging consumers about two pence for a plastic bag. The tax was criticised by industry and the public as being confusing and unfair but still managed to
49、 slash plastic bag usage by 69%.In 2002, Bangladesh took a more drastic approach, bringing in a total ban on the production and sale of polyethylene and introducing a 5 on-the-spot fine for using a plastic bag. If a blanket ban seems a little extreme, it was prompted by more than just green thinking. In a country with limited waste disposal and virtually no bins, most of the 10 million or so plastic bags used every day were dropped in the street, then washed into rivers and se
