1、雅思（阅读）模拟试卷 89及答案与解析 0 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Geoff Brash Geoff Brash, who died in 2010, was a gregarious Australian businessman and philanthropist who encouraged the young to reach their potential. Born in Melbourne to Elsa an
2、d Alfred Brash, he was educated at Scotch College. His sister, Barbara, became a renowned artist and printmaker. His father, Alfred, ran the Brash retail music business that had been founded in 1862 by his grandfather, the German immigrant Marcus Brasch, specialising in pianos. It carried the slogan
3、 A home is not a home without a piano. In his young days, Brash enjoyed the good life, playing golf and sailing, and spending some months travelling through Europe, having a leisurely holiday. He worked for a time at Myer department stores before joining the family business in 1949, where he quickly
4、 began to put his stamp on things. In one of his first management decisions, he diverged from his fathers sense of frugal aesthetics by re-carpeting the old mans office while he was away. After initially complaining of his extravagance, his father grew to accept the change and gave his son increasin
5、g responsibility in the business. After World War II(1939-1945), Brashs had begun to focus on white goods, such as washing machines and refrigerators, as the consumer boom took hold. However, while his father was content with the business he had built, the younger Brash viewed expansion as vital. Wh
6、en Geoff Brash took over as managing director in 1957, the company had two stores, but after floating it on the stock exchange the following year, he expanded rapidly and opened suburban stores, as well as buying into familiar music industry names such as Allans, Palings and Suttons. Eventually, 170
7、 stores traded across the continent under the Brashs banner. Geoff Brash learned from his fathers focus on customer service. Alfred Brash had also been a pioneer in introducing a share scheme for his staff, and his son retained and expanded the plan following the float. Geoff Brash was optimistic an
8、d outward looking. As a result, he was a pioneer in both accessing and selling new technology, and developing overseas relationships. He sourced and sold electric guitars, organs, and a range of other modern instruments, as well as state-of-the-art audio and video equipment. He developed a relations
9、hip with Taro Kakehashi, the founder of Japans Roland group, which led to a joint venture that brought electronic musical devices to Australia. In 1965, Brash and his wife attended a trade fair in Guangzhou, the first of its kind in China; they were one of the first Western business people allowed i
10、nto the country following Mao Zedongs Cultural Revolution. He returned there many times, helping advise the Chinese in establishing a high quality piano factory in Beijing; he became the factorys agent in Australia. Brash also took leading jazz musicians Don Burrows and James Morrison to China, on a
11、 trip that reintroduced jazz to many Chinese musicians. He stood down as Executive Chairman of Brashs in 1988, but under the new management debt became a problem, and in 1994 the banks called in administrators. The company was sold to Singaporean interests and continued to trade until 1998, when it
12、again went into administration. The Brash name then disappeared from the retail world. Brash was greatly disappointed by the collapse and the eventual disappearance of the company he had run for so long. But it was not long before he invested in a restructured Allans music business. Brash was a comm
13、itted philanthropist who, in the mid-1980s, established the Brash Foundation, which eventually morphed, with other partners, into the Soundhouse Music Alliance. This was a not-for-profit organisation overseeing and promoting multimedia music making and education for teachers and students. The Soundh
14、ouse offers teachers and young people the opportunity to get exposure to the latest music technology, and to use this to compose and record their own music, either alone or in collaboration. The organisation has now also established branches in New Zealand, South Africa and Ireland, as well as numer
15、ous sites around Australia. Questions 1-13 Questions 1-5 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? Write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 1 The Br
16、ash business originally sold pianos. 2 Geoff Brashs first job was with his grandfathers company. 3 Alfred Brash thought that his son wasted money. 4 By the time Geoff Brash took control, the Brash business was selling some electrical products. 5 Geoff Brash had ambitions to open Brash stores in othe
17、r countries. 5 Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. 6 Which arrangement did Alfred Brash set up for his employees? 7 Which Japanese company did Geoff Brash collaborate with? 8 What type of event in China marked the beginning of Geo
18、ff Brashs relationship with that country? 9 What style of music did Geoff Brash help to promote in China? 10 When did the Brash company finally stop doing business? 10 Complete the notes below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. Soundhouse Music Alliance Grew out of the Brash Fou
19、ndation. A non-commercial organisation providing support for music and music 【 R11】_. Allows opportunities for using up-to-date 【 R12】 _. Has 【 R13】 _in several countries. 11 【 R11】 12 【 R12】 13 【 R13】 13 Early occupations around the river Thames A In her pioneering survey, Sources of London English
20、, Laura Wright has listed the variety of medieval workers who took their livings from the river Thames. The baillies of Queenhithe and Billingsgate acted as customs officers. There were conservators, who were responsible for maintaining the embankments and the weirs, and there were the garthmen who
21、worked in the fish garths(enclosures). Then there were galleymen and lightermen and shoutmen, called after the names of their boats, and there were hookers who were named after the manner in which they caught their fish. The searcher patrolled the Thames in search of illegal fish weirs, and the tide
22、man worked on its banks and foreshores whenever the tide permitted him to do so. B All of these occupations persisted for many centuries, as did those jobs that depended upon the trade of the river. Yet, it was not easy work for any of the workers. They carried most goods upon their backs, since the
23、 rough surfaces of the quays and nearby streets were not suitable for wagons or large carts; the merchandise characteristically arrived in barrels which could be rolled from the ship along each quay. If the burden was too great to be carried by a single man, then the goods were slung on poles restin
24、g on the shoulders of two men. It was a slow and expensive method of business. C However, up to the eighteenth century, river work was seen in a generally favourable light. For Langland, writing in the fourteenth century, the labourers working on river merchandise were relatively prosperous. And the
25、 porters of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries were, if anything, aristocrats of labour, enjoying high status. However, in the years from the late eighteenth to the early nineteenth century, there was a marked change in attitude. This was in part because the working river was within the
26、region of the East End of London, which in this period acquired an unenviable reputation. By now, dockside labour was considered to be the most disreputable, and certainly the least desirable form of work. D It could be said that the first industrial community in England grew up around the Thames. W
27、ith the host of river workers themselves, as well as the vast assembly of ancillary trades such as tavern-keepers and laundresses, food-sellers and street-hawkers, shopkeepers and marine store dealers there was a workforce of many thousands congregated in a relatively small area. There were more var
28、ieties of business to be observed by the riverside than in any other part of the city. As a result, with the possible exception of the area known as Seven Dials, the East End was also the most intensively inhabited region of London. E It was a world apart, with its own language and its own laws. Fro
29、m the sailors in the opium dens of Limehouse to the smugglers on the malarial flats of the estuary, the workers of the river were not part of any civilised society. The alien world of the river had entered them. That alienation was also expressed in the slang of the docks, which essentially amounted
30、 to backslang, or the reversal of ordinary words. This backslang also helped in the formulation of Cockney rhyming slang*, so that the vocabulary of Londoners was directly affected by the life of the Thames. F The reports in the nineteenth-century press reveal a heterogeneous world of dock labour, i
31、n which the crowds of casuals waiting for work at the dock gates at 7:45 am include penniless refugees, bankrupts, old soldiers, broken-down gentlemen, discharged servants, and ex-convicts. There were some 400 500 permanent workers who earned a regular wage and who were considered to be the patricia
32、ns of dockside labour. However, there were some 2,500 casual workers who were hired by the shift. The work for which they competed fiercely had become ever more unpleasant. Steam power could not be used for the cranes, for example, because of the danger of fire. So the cranes were powered by treadmi
33、lls. Six to eight men entered a wooden cylinder and, laying hold of ropes, would tread the wheel round. They could lift nearly 20 tonnes to an average height of 27 feet(8.2 metres), forty times in an hour. This was part of the life of the river unknown to those who were intent upon its more pictures
34、que aspects. * a collection of phrases, based on rhyme, used by people in parts of central London as alternatives to standard English words. Reading Passage 2 has SIX paragraphs, A-F. Choose the correct heading, A-F, from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-ix. List of Headings i
35、 A mixture of languages and nationalities ii The creation of an exclusive identity iii The duties involved in various occupations iv An unprecedented population density v Imports and exports transported by river vi Transporting heavy loads manually vii Temporary work for large numbers of people viii
36、 Hazards associated with riverside work ix The changing status of riverside occupations 14 ParagraphA_ 15 Paragraph B_ 16 Paragraph C_ 17 Paragraph D_ 18 Paragraph E_ 19 Paragraph F_ 19 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Write the correct letters. Which TWO statements are made about work by the River Thames b
37、efore the eighteenth century? A Goods were transported from the river by cart. B The workforce was very poorly paid. C Occupations were specialised. D Workers were generally looked down upon. E Physical strength was required. 21 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Write the correct letters. Which TWO statement
38、s are made about life by the River Thames in the early nineteenth century? A The area was very crowded. B There was an absence of crime. C Casual work was in great demand. D Several different languages were in use. E Inhabitants were known for their friendliness. 23 Complete the sentences below. Use
39、 NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. 24 In the nineteenth century, only a minority of dock workers received a_. 25 Cranes were operated manually because_created a risk of fire. 26 Observers who were unfamiliar with Londons docks found the River Thames_. 26 You should spend about
40、 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. Video game research Although video games were first developed for adults, they are no longer exclusively reserved for the grown ups in the home. In 2006, Rideout and Hamel reported that as many as 29 percent of preschool chi
41、ldren(children between two and six years old)in the United States had played console video games, and 18 percent had played hand-held ones. Given young childrens insatiable eagerness to learn, coupled with the fact that they are clearly surrounded by these media, we predict that preschoolers will bo
42、th continue and increasingly begin to adopt video games for personal enjoyment. Although the majority of gaming equipment is still designed for a much older target audience, once a game system enters the household it is potentially available for all family members, including the youngest. Portable s
43、ystems have done a particularly good job of penetrating the younger market. Research in the video game market is typically done at two stages: some time close to the end of the product cycle, in order to get feedback from consumers, so that a marketing strategy can be developed; and at the very end
44、of the product cycle to fix bugs in the game. While both of those types of research are important, and may be appropriate for dealing with adult consumers, neither of them aids in designing better games, especially when it comes to designing for an audience that may have particular needs, such as pr
45、eschoolers or senior citizens. Instead, exploratory and formative research has to be undertaken in order to truly understand those audiences, their abilities, their perspective, and their needs. In the spring of 2007, our preschool-game production team at Nickelodeon had a hunch that the Nintendo DS
46、* with its new features, such as the microphone, small size and portability, and its relatively low price point was a ripe gaming platform for preschoolers. There were a few games on the market at the time which had characters that appealed to the younger set, but our game producers did not think th
47、at the game mechanics or design were appropriate for preschoolers. What exactly preschoolers could do with the system, however, was a bit of a mystery. So we set about doing a study to answer the query: What could we expect preschoolers to be capable of in the context of hand-held game play, and how
48、 might the child development literature inform us as we proceeded with the creation of a new outlet for this age group? Our context in this case was the United States, although the games that resulted were also released in other regions, due to the broad international reach of the characters. In ord
49、er to design the best possible DS product for a preschool audience we were fully committed to the ideals of a user-centered approach, which assumes that users will be at least considered, but ideally consulted during the development process. After all, when it comes to introducing a new interactive product to the child market, and particularly such a young age group within it, we believe it is crucial to assess the range of physical and cognitive abilities associated with their specific developmen
