1、2007年中国人民大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案与解析 一、名词解释 1 Ottava rima 2 Closet drama 3 The cry of “art for arts sake“ 4 Psychological realism 5 Sentimentalism 6 My Last Duchess 7 The Fall of the House of Usher 8 The School for Scandal 9 The Man of Property 10 She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways 11 Anecdote of the Jar
2、 12 The American Crisis 13 There was music from my neighbors house through the summer the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes over cataracts of foam. On week-ends his Rolls-Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight, while his
3、 station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with mops and scrubbing-brushes and hammers and garden shears, nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and
4、the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft, or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his tow motor-boats slit repairing the ravages of the night before. 14 Make room and let him stand before our face. The world thinks
5、, and I think so too, That thou but leadst this fashion of thy malice To the last hour of act; and then, tis thought, Thou It show they mercy and remorse, more strange than is thy strange apparent cruelty: And where thou now exacts the penalty, Which is a pound of this poor-merchants flesh, Thou wil
6、t not only loose the forfeiture, But, toucht with human gentleness and love Forgive a moiety of the principal Glancing an eye of pity on his losses, That have of late so huddled on his back Enow to press a royal merchant down, And pluck commiseration of his state From brassy bosoms and rough hearts
7、of flint, From stubborn Turks and Tartars, never traind To offices of tender courtesy. 15 The bowls never wanted washing. The boys polished them with their spoons till they shone again; and when they had performed this operation (which never took very long, the spoons being nearly as large as the bo
8、wls), they would sit staring at the copper, with such eager eyes, as if they could have devoured the very bricks of which it was composed; employing themselves, meanwhile, in sucking their fingers most assiduously, with the view of catching up any stray splashes of gruel that might have been cast th
9、ereon. Boys have generally excellent appetites. He and his companions suffered the tortures of slow starvation for three months: at last they got so voracious and wild with hunger, that one boy, who was tall for his age, and hadnt been used to that sort of thing (for his father had kept a small cook
10、-shop), hinted darkly to his companions, that unless he had another basin of gruel per diem, he was afraid he might some night happen to eat the boy who slept next him, who happened to be a weakly youth offender age. He had a wild, hungry eye; and they implicitly believed him. A council was held; lo
11、ts were cast who should walk up to the master after supper that evening, and ask fro more; and it fell to him. 16 “Prophet!“ said I, “thing of evil! prophet still, if bird or devil! Whether tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore, Desolate yet all undaunted, on this desert land ench
12、anted On this home by horror haunted tell me truly, I implore Is there - is there balm in Gilead? tell me tell me, I implore!“ 二、问答题 17 How did Chaucers creative work reflect the changes of the English society in the second half of the 14th century? How much was Chaucer influenced by foreign authors
13、 such as Dante or Boccaccio? What are some of the significances of such influences? 18 In what ways does Sister Carrie or some other major works by Theodore Dreiser reveal his perception of the “American Dream“? What do you know and think of the controversy about Dreiser as a man and as a writer? 20
14、07年中国人民大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷答案与解析 一、名词解释 1 【正确答案】 Ottava rima is a rhyming stanza form of Italian origin, consisting of eight lines rhyming a-b-a-b-a-b-c-c. In its original Italian form, it uses hendecasyllables; but the English version uses iambic pentameters. 【试题解析】 本题考查古诗的类型，考生应掌握诗歌的一些基本定义，如iambic pen
15、tameters(五步抑扬格 )、 ottava rima(ottave，八行体 )、 heroic couplet(英雄双韵体 )、 lyric poems、 ballad等。 2 【正确答案】 A closet drama is a literary composition written in the form of a play (usually as a dramatic poem), but intended or suited only for reading in a closet (say, a private study) rather than for stage per
16、formance. 【试题解析】 本题考查了话剧之一的书案剧。与话剧相关的一些概念还包括：dramatic irony、 dramatic monologue、 masque(假面剧 )、 melodrama(情节剧 )等。 3 【正确答案】 “Art for arts sake“ is the slogan of Aestheticism in the 19th century, often given in its French form as lart pour lart. It is a simplified expression of the principle adopted by
17、 many great authors that art serves no religious, moral or political purposes but beauty only. So Art for Arts Sake was a rallying cry, a call for arts freedom from the demands of tyranny of meaning and purpose. 【试题解析】 本题考查了 19世纪后期唯美主义 (Aestheticism)打出的口号。考生回答时要对唯美主义的概念有所涉及。 4 【正确答案】 Psychological r
18、ealism refers to a psychological novel, in which unusual amount of focus. is placed not only on inner mental struggle of a person but also on motives of characters actions. It recognizes that what is real to the individual is that which he or she perceives and tells the story like it is. 【试题解析】 本题考查
19、了心理现实主义的基本定义。 5 【正确答 案】 Sentimentalism is one of the important trends in English literature of the middle and later decades of the 18th century. As a European idea that emphasized feelings and emotions, a physical appreciation of God, nature, and other people, it presents a new view of human nature
20、which prizes feeling over thinking, passion over reason, and personal instincts of “pity, tenderness, and benevolence“ over social duties. 【试题解析】 本题考查了伤感主义的定义。这样的题目看似简单，回答起来比较复杂。这种类型的题目很容易在复习的时候被忽视。 6 【正确答案】 It is a poem written by Robert Browning in the 19th century. 7 【正确答案】 It is a novel written
21、by Edgar Allan Poe in the 19th century. 8 【正确答案】 It is a comedy written by Richard Brinsley Sheridan in the 18th century. 9 【正确答案】 It is the first novel of the trilogy the Forsyte Saga written by John Galsworthy in the 20th century. 10 【正确答案】 It is a poem written by William Wordsworth in the 18th ce
22、ntury. 11 【正确答案】 It is a poem written by Wallace Stevens in the 20th century. 12 【正确答案】 It is a series of political essays written by Thomas Paine in the 18th century. 【试题解析】 托马斯潘恩 (Thomas Paine)， 1737-1809，英裔美国思想家。其代表作包括常识 (Common Sense， 1776)与论文集美洲危机 (The American Crisis， 1776-1783)。潘恩是激进的民主主义和自然神
23、论者，他的 “世界公民 ”理念宣传建立， “世界共和国 ”，他也是公共教育、最低工资限额的提出者之一。在潘恩思想体系中，国王与贵族不存在了，人与人之间是平等的。 13 【正确答案】 The passage is excerpted from The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Cataracts means “a sudden rush of water“. In the passage, it refers to Gatsbys personal beach. The word Scamper means “to run with quick l
24、ight steps“. In the passage, it describes how frequent Gatsbys car goes to fetch guests. 14 【正确答案】 The stanza is excerpted from The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare. The line “leadst this fashion of thy malice“ means that you looks as if you were cruel. Moiety means a lesser part of the deb
25、t. Enow means enough. 15 【正确答案】 The passage is excerpted from Olive Twist by Charles Dickens. Assiduously means diligently and persistently. In the passage, it implies how little food the orphans have for meals. Voracious means wanting or devouring large quantities of food. It describes their eagern
26、ess to have food. 16 【正确答案】 The stanza is excerpted from The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe. A prophet is a person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God. In the stanza, it refers to the bird that brings the sad news to the narrator. Balm in Gilead means a resin used for medicina
27、l purposes, thus suggesting, perhaps, that the narrator needs to be healed after the lost track of the beloved. 二、问答题 17 【正确答案】 Chaucers creative work The Canterbury Tales was written during a turbulent time in English history when the authority of Catholic Church was under constant questioning, so
28、it first reflected this diversified worldviews in the Chaucers time, as several characters in the Tales are religious figures, and the very nature of the pilgrimage to Canterbury is deeply religious, making this a preeminent theme of the work. Secondly, it reflected the decline of Chivalry, as The K
29、nights Tale was intended to show its flaws. The conflicts between classes in Chaucer days were also reflected in the book. For example, the characters are all divided into three distinct classes, the classes being “those who pray“ (the clergy), “those who fight“ (the nobility), and “those who work“
30、(the commoners and peasantry). Chaucer owes a lot to the Italian influence. Between 1367 and 1378, he went to Italy several times on diplomatic and commercial missions. It is possible that he met Boccaccio or Petrarch, to name a few, in pre-Renaissance Italy. As a result, his writings were deeply in
31、fluenced by these Italian writers. Dante inspired him to write in the vulgar English rather than the court French of the day. Whats more, Chaucer borrows a lot of poetry from Dante and Petrarch and one fourth of the tales in The Canterbury Tales parallels a tale in Boccaccios Decameron. 【试题解析】 第一个问题
32、考查乔叟的作品是如何反映 14世纪英国社会的变化，这里主要指的是乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集，考生应该注意到这本诗集对当时社会状况的揭露。第二、三个问题考查他的作品受到外国作家的影响。由于乔叟曾经游历过意大利，他的作品大多借用了意大利诗歌的形式，尤其受到了薄伽丘十日谈的影响颇深。 18 【正确答案】 In Theodore Dreisers eyes, the “American Dream“ is not longer a pure concept that one starts from scratch and is well-achieved through diligence and hard
33、working, but a disillusioned dream dyed by the hue of Naturalism. In Sister Carrie, this perception is mainly reflected in the protagonist Carrie. As a poor countryside girl, she is driven to the city by full of the lofty dreams. She begins in poverty, works hard to succeed, faces major setbacks, an
34、d is finally rewarded with a meteoric rise to unimagined heights. In Carries case, however, “work“ is a very broad term, as it is her feminine charms, her ability to charm and win over men and in turn, be won over by them that is her main occupation. So her success brings her no comfort and peace in
35、 heart but a disturbing and empty state of mind. The controversy has been accompanying Dreiser since his first novel was published. Particularly, his naturalistic style generated great criticism from both the literary circle and the public he and his characters simply gave no consideration of the na
36、tions puritanical moral traditions. In the novels, they violated the bottom line of moral stands and Dreiser even described the sex drive in the human experience, all of which were taboos of the time. However, his advocates believed his unconventional writing style gained him a legendary reputation for freedom of expression. And these judgments still remained the test of time. 【试题解析】 本题考查美国梦在德莱塞的小说嘉莉妹妹中的反映。在德莱塞的笔下，这些美国梦多是一些破裂的梦想。德莱塞的争议则由来已久，在生活中他追逐着美国梦，而在小说和作品中他却以自然主义的文笔描述着这种梦想的破灭，考生可以结合自然主义的认识对该问题进行一 定的探讨，给出个人的理解与看法。天津外国语学院 2007年综合试卷英美文学部分参考答案与解析
