1、2007年四川外语学院英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析 一、填空题 1 Jurgen Habermas represents the second wave of Critical Theory. He was not a_of the other members of the Frankfurt school. However, he is included in the school of thought because his work continues the critique that the others began.(contemporary) 2 Where Marx
2、 supposed the move to be linear(one step at a time in a straight line), and deterministic,(with a known end), Habermas said it was_.(predict) 3 According to Habermas the move from Capitalism to Communism(if it occurs)will_as a result of reason and communicative action.(occur) 4 It was not a house, n
3、ot even a squatters hut. He thought everybody lived far too elaborately, expensively, anxiously. What_ is a house? No one needs privacy: natural acts are not shameful.(good) 5 Phenomenology emphasizes the subjective experience of the individual. It assumes that “existence precedes essence“, where_is
4、 subjective experience and essence is human nature,(exist) 6 The existentialists focused on the_experience of he individual, especially feelings of dread and anxiety in the face of ones inherent aloneness and limitationthe ultimate limitation being death,(subject) 7 Due to his intense concern with t
5、he individual, it also may be incorrect to label Rogers a humanist. Some would say that_emphasizes the importance of pro-social behavior, not actualization of oneself, and it is not clear that these two things are one and the same.(humanism) 8 The global trade environment is much_ for their countrie
6、s now than during the Asian crisis of four years ago.(tough) 9 Hume concludes with an almost equally skeptical assessment_our notions of space and time.(regarding). 10 Lord Justice Kay said: “This resulted from the failure of the pathologist to_with other doctors investigating the cause of death inf
7、ormation that a competent pathologist ought to have appreciated needed to be assessed before any conclusion was reached.“(share) 11 The universities have_the intellectual pioneers of our civilizationthe priests, the lawyers, the statesmen, the doctors, the men of science and the men of letters.(trai
8、n) 12 In he natural world, a sustained pattern of balance or steady-state is characteristic of all healthy and_ecosystem.(endure) 13 Mrs. Clark, the daughter of a senior police officer, was_at Chester Crown Court in November 1999 of smothering her son Christopher in December 1996, when he was 11 wee
9、ks old, and Harry, who was eight weeks old, in January 1998.(convict) 14 Mrs. Clark,_in a black woolen cardigan and dark grey trousers, appealed for privacy so that she could rebuild her and her familys lives.(dress) 15 Most of the problems in physics cant be solved exactly in closed form. Therefore
10、 we have to learn technology for making clever_, such as power series expansions, saddle pint integration, and small(or large)perturbations.(approximate) 16 He is being investigated by the General Medical Council after it emerged that he_to reveal to the defense the results of tests which showed the
11、 childs spinal fluid was infected with high levels of the staphylococcus aureus bacteria.(failure) 17 For better or_, religion is the only human endeavor that successfully provides us with an all-encompassing model of the pattern which connects our individual lives to the complex regularities of thi
12、s world, and by extension of the cosmos.(bad) 18 If such figures are sustained in more detailed polling, Mr. Bush will have_in reversing sliding domestic support for war with Iraq.(success) 19 Analytic geometry is the_of algebra with geometry. Geometric objects such as conic sections, planes and sph
13、eres are studied by the means of algebraic equations. Vectors in Cartesian, polar and spherical coordinates are introduced.(marry) 20 By contrast, the good ideas are_from the faculty of the understandingor reasonand roughly involve either mathematical demonstration or factual predictions.(derive) 二、
14、阅读理解 20 He is often described as the first pure mathematician. He is an extremely important figure in the development of mathematics yet we know relatively little about his mathematical achievements. Unlike many later Greek mathematicians, where at least we have some of the books which they wrote, w
15、e have nothing of his writings. Questions: 21 Who of the following figures do you think is being described? （ A） Pythagoras. （ B） Plato. （ C） Aristotle. （ D） Heraclitus. 22 From this you can infer that the most relevant answer to the topic is_. （ A） a lot has been written about him （ B） little has b
16、een written about him （ C） he wrote nothing （ D） he might have written something 22 Our words are amalgams of some sound and meaning, and put in some order to express our feelings, thoughts, information, beliefs and so on, for different purposes in life. We also understand others by interpreting the
17、ir words, which may involve certain background knowledge, perspectives, and affected by many factors, which he thinks are not amenable to scientific studies. Questions: 23 The word amalgam can be understood as_. （ A） combination （ B） disassociation （ C） illusion （ D） disillusion 24 From this you can
18、 infer that language use can be approached scientifically_. （ A） very easily （ B） not very easily （ C） without any possibility （ D） in some conditions 24 God, having designed man for a sociable creature, made him not only with an inclination, and under a necessity to have fellowship with those of hi
19、s own kind, but furnished him also with language, which was to be the great instrument and common tie of society. Man, therefore, had by nature his organs so fashioned, as to be fit to frame articulate sounds, which we call words. But this was not enough to produce language; for parrots, and several
20、 other birds, will be taught to make articulate sounds distance enough, which yet by no means are capable of language. Questions: 25 The word articulate can be understood as_. （ A） discrete （ B） fuzzy （ C） easy to understand （ D） difficult to understand 26 From this you can infer that_. （ A） languag
21、e is totally evolved （ B） language is a natural endowment （ C） animal and human languages are the same （ D） parrots can speak a human language 26 Besides these names which stand for ideas, there be other words which men make use of, not to signify any idea, but the want or absence of some ideas, sim
22、ple or complex, or all ideas together; such as are Nihil in Latin, and in English, ignorance and barrenness. All which negative or privative words cannot be said properly to belong to, or signify no ideas: for then they would be perfectly insignificant sounds; but they relate to positive ideas, and
23、signify their absence. Questions: 27 The word Nihil may mean_. （ A） nothing （ B） something （ C） ignorance （ D） negligence 28 From this passage you can infer that_. （ A） all words stand for ideas （ B） some words stand for the absence of some （ C） names are not words （ D） words are insignificant 28 Mr
24、s. Clark, dressed in a black woolen cardigan and dark grey trousers, appealed for privacy so that she could rebuild her and her familys lives. “Being separated from my husband for so long has been a living hell,“ she said. “Being deprived of more than three years of being a mum to our little boy has
25、 been even worse. And yet somehow, despite our separation and against all the odds, we have managed to remain a family and stay close. My little boy knows that he has a mummy and daddy who love him very much, and thats what counts.“ Questions: 29 According to the passage, Mrs. Clarks family life has
26、 been_. （ A） adversely affected （ B） damaged （ C） maintained without any problem （ D） robbed 30 From this passage you can infer that Mrs. Clark has been_. （ A） divorced （ B） engaged （ C） imprisoned （ D） disdained 30 The most puzzling and intriguing moving things visible to humans have always been th
27、e Sun, the Moon, the planets and the stars we can see in the night sky. Newtons new calculus, combined with his “Laws of Motion“, made a mathematical model for the force of gravity that not only described the observed motions of planets and stars in the night sky, but also of swinging weights and fl
28、ying cannonballs in England. Questions: 31 According to the passage, Newton_. （ A） invented calculus （ B） renovated calculus （ C） plagiarized calculus （ D） harrowed calculus 32 From this passage you can infer that before Newton_. （ A） algebra and. geometry only describe things that are sitting still
29、 （ B） algebra and geometry only describe moving things （ C） algebra and geometry describe not only moving objects but also still objects （ D） algebra and geometry describe swinging weights and flying cannonballs 32 The greatest part of words are general terms. All things that exist being particulars
30、, it may perhaps be thought reasonable that words, which ought to be conformed to things, should be so too, I mean in their signification, but yet we find quite the contrary. The far greatest part of words that make all languages are general terms which has not been the effect of neglect or chance,
31、but of reason and necessity. Questions: 33 According to the passage, human language is rich with_. （ A） particular words （ B） polysemous words （ C） monosemous words （ D） general terms 34 From this passage you can infer that general terms exist_. （ A） out of necessity （ B） out of reason （ C） both A a
32、nd B （ D） out of neglect 34 Today the functions of theory and observation are divided into two distinct communities in physics. Both experiments and theories are much more complex than back in Newtons time. Theorists are exploring areas of Nature in mathematics that technology so far does not allow
33、us to observe in experiments. Many of the theoretical physicists who are alive today may not live to see how the real Nature compares with the mathematical description in their work. Todays theorists have to learn to live with ambiguity and uncertainty in their mission to describe Nature using math.
34、 Questions: 35 According to the passage, todays experiments and theories in physics are_. （ A） less certain than before （ B） more certain than before （ C） ascertain as before （ D） less complex than before 36 From this passage you can infer that mathematics_. （ A） is powerful all the time （ B） may be
35、 helpless sometimes （ C） is a useful tool of description （ D） needs not be developed 37 From this passage you can infer that technology._. （ A） is no longer useful （ B） has a limited role to play （ C） is more and more important （ D） is not science 38 “real Nature“ could be best understood as_. （ A）
36、the natural environment （ B） things as they used to be （ C） nature in contrast to culture （ D） things as they are 38 The shift from the second industrial wave towards the information age has a critical implication: nations have to make a break from existing regulations and adopt a new regulatory env
37、ironment allowing full competition and decentralized initiatives. The task ahead is vast and delicate, but the objective is not to start from scratch again and build a completely new regulatory framework. Fortunately for the regulator, most of the existing regulations remain relevant. Questions: 39
38、According to the passage, todays business environment calls for_. （ A） new regulations （ B） more powerful government administration （ C） more subsidies （ D） more protectionism 40 From this passage you can infer that_. （ A） a completely new regulatory framework needs to be built （ B） a completely new
39、 regulatory framework needs not to be built （ C） new regulations are easy to be made （ D） nothing needs to be changed 41 “start from scratch“ could best be understood as_. （ A） a completely new thing （ B） scratch because of itching （ C） begin to fight （ D） from start to end 41 Voluntary agreements b
40、y the private actors commit only to the objective but remain free to choose any means. This method is more and more often used in the United States. It meets the American “institutional idea“ namely it limits the role of government as much as possible, and is conceptually backed by simple argumentat
41、ion: only business is flexible enough to adapt to a rapidly evolving, unpredictable environment. For this reason, business is ready to take responsibility, in order to avoid binding regulations; government regards business as being capable of more flexibility and efficiency; and the American public
42、doesnt find anything unusual in such a deal. Questions: 42 According to the passage,_. （ A） private actors are constrained with means set up by the government （ B） government has more and more authority （ C） business has more autonomy （ D） government is not efficient 43 From this passage you can inf
43、er that_. （ A） the United States is a decentralized country （ B） the United States is a free market economy country （ C） the United States is a centralized country （ D） the United States is a capitalist country 44 From this passage you can infer that_. （ A） American citizens feel happy with the gove
44、rnment （ B） American citizens feel unhappy with the government （ C） the American government leaves too much freedom to its citizens （ D） the American government leaves no freedom to its citizens, 45 “voluntary“ could best be understood as_. （ A） revolutionary （ B） evolutionary （ C） unwilling （ D） wi
45、lling 45 U. S. Ambassador to the United Nations, John Bolton, has resigned. Analysts say Bolton was unable to satisfy Senate opponents, who were concerned he would pursue a unilateral U. S. foreign policy. And his post became even more tenuous after Democrats took control of Congress in November ele
46、ctions. Bolton had a history of angering diplomats and colleagues in his previous State Department job. And he could not gain sufficient support from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee to stay on. He is to leave the U. N. post when the current session of the U. S. Congress ends, possible at the
47、end of the week. Bush appointed Bolton in August 2005 to reform the world body. But Bolton is leaving at a time when U. S. foreign policy is fraught with global challenges. Questions: 46 Why has John Bolton resigned? 47 Why did Bush appoint Bolton as Ambassador to the United Nations? 48 Why kind of
48、policy does the U. S. follow for foreign affairs? 48 In the Iraqi capital of Bagahdad, the trail of Saddam Hussein on charges of genocide against the kurds continues. If convicted the former Iraqi leader could get a second death penalty on top of the one he received after his conviction in the Dujai
49、l trial. Saddam and his 6 co-defendants were present to hear the Anfal case on Monday. The prosecution claims about 180,000 people, mostly civilians, were killed in a crackdown between 19871988. Many of them were killed by poison gas or in massacre. One Kurdish witness says more tan 350 people from his village were killed or deported d
