1、2008年四川大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析 一、完形填空 0 It is acknowledged that the modern musical show is Americas most original and dynamic contribution toward theater. In the last quarter of a century, America has produced large【 C1】 _of musical plays that have been popular abroad【 C2】_at home. 【 C3】 _. it is ver
2、y difficult to explain【 C4】 _is new or【 C5】 _American about them, for the【 C6】 _are centuries old. Perhaps the uniqueness of Americas contribution to the【 C7】 _can best be characterized through brief descriptions of several of the most important and best-known musicals, one of these is surely Oklaho
3、ma by Richard Rogers and Oscar Hamerstein. It burst【 C8】 _popularity in 1943, Broadway audience and critics were【 C9】_by its【 C10】 _. vitality and excitement. This “new“ type of musical was【 C11】 _as kind of【 C12】 _theater in which the play, the music and lyrics, the dancing, and the scenic backgrou
4、nd were assembled not merely to provide entertainment and【 C13】 _. but to【 C14】 _in a single unifying whole to contribute its unique feature. 【 C15】 _. it meant that the songs and dances should【 C16】 _naturally out of the situations of the story and play an important part in carrying the action【 C17
5、】 _. In Oklahoma, an American folk-dance style was organically combined with classical ballet and modern dance. It is right to say that the musical was a brilliantly integrated performance by the talented dancers and singing actors. Oklahoma also marked a new【 C18】 _in the choice of story on which a
6、 musical is based. Writers and composers began to abandon the sentimentally picturesque or aristocratic setting【 C19】 _more realistic stories in authentic social and cultural【 C20】 _. Oklahoma was based on a “folk“ whose story dealt not only with young love but also with the opening of the American
7、West. 1 【 C1】 （ A） number （ B） amount （ C） quantity （ D） numbers 2 【 C2】 （ A） better （ B） instead of （ C） as well as （ D） rather than 3 【 C3】 （ A） Therefore （ B） Yet （ C） Moreover （ D） Thus 4 【 C4】 （ A） which （ B） that （ C） what （ D） how 5 【 C5】 （ A） characteristically （ B） particularly （ C） mainly
8、（ D） exactly 6 【 C6】 （ A） factors （ B） ingredients （ C） composers （ D） facts 7 【 C7】 （ A） trait （ B） feature （ C） genre （ D） style 8 【 C8】 （ A） with （ B） into （ C） out into （ D） in 9 【 C9】 （ A） struck （ B） touched （ C） moved （ D） hit 10 【 C10】 （ A） vivacity （ B） originality （ C） creativity （ D） dyna
9、mic 11 【 C11】 （ A） conceived （ B） thought （ C） believed （ D） perceived 12 【 C12】 （ A） special （ B） peculiar （ C） gross （ D） total 13 【 C13】 （ A） variety （ B） amusement （ C） sundries （ D） fun 14 【 C14】 （ A） mix （ B） join （ C） put （ D） share 15 【 C15】 （ A） In other words （ B） sum up （ C） On the contra
10、ry （ D） Generally speaking 16 【 C16】 （ A） arise （ B） derive （ C） raise （ D） originate 17 【 C17】 （ A） out （ B） on （ C） forward （ D） through 18 【 C18】 （ A） direction （ B） way （ C） method （ D） epoch 19 【 C19】 （ A） for （ B） with （ C） without （ D） except 20 【 C20】 （ A） circumstances （ B） context （ C） sit
11、uation （ D） surrounding 二、阅读理解 20 If you had asked me then if I would accept a job as a restaurant critic for The New Times, or any established publication, I would have replied, without a second thought, “Of course not!“ And not just because I did not want to think of myself as an ambitious sort. W
12、orking in restaurants was honest labor anyone could see that. Writing about for the mainstream press was not; it felt like joining the enemy. But reviewing was fun, so much fun that when mainstream publishers started paying me for my opinions, I didnt do the decent thing. Before I knew it, I had sto
13、pped cooking professionally. Then I stopped cooking altogether. “Shes joined the leisure class,“ my friends said. I disarmed my critics by inviting them along; nobody I knew could afford to eat out and nobody refused. We went with equal amounts of guilt and pleasure, with a feeling that we were tres
14、passing on the playgrounds of the rich. We didnt belong in those starchy restaurants. We always got the worst table. And then, because I didnt own a credit card, I had to pay in cash. The year turned into two, and three, and more. I got a credit card. I got good clothes. I was writing for increasing
15、ly prestigious. Meanwhile, a voice inside me kept whispering, “How could you?“ When I receive weekly letters from people who think it is indecent to write about $ 100 meals while half the world is hungry, the voice yacks right along. “Theyre absolutely right,“ it whispers. And when it asks, “When ar
16、e you going to grow up and get a real job?“ It sounds a lot like my mother. And just about then is when I tell the voice to shut up. Because when my mother starts telling me that all Im doing with my life is telling rich people where to eat, I realize how much the world has changed. Yes, there are s
17、till restaurants where rich people go to remind themselves that they are different from you and me. But there are fewer and fewer of them. As American food has come of age, American restaurants have changed. Going out to eat used to be like going to the opera today, it is more like going the movies.
18、 21 Why would the author have refused to accept the job as a restaurant critic if people had asked her then? （ A） Because she was ambitious. （ B） Because she didnt think highly of the job. （ C） Because she didnt think well of the job as a cook. （ D） Because she didnt want to criticize anyone. 22 The
19、 word “decent“ in do the decent thing in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_. （ A） very profitable （ B） morally acceptable （ C） fairly attractive （ D） very pleasant 23 In Paragraph 4, by “The year turned into two, three and more,“ the author means that_. （ A） she went on and on working in restaura
20、nts （ B） she lived a luxurious life for many years （ C） she kept working for publications until she got a credit card （ D） she went on and on Writing as a restaurants critic 24 Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? （ A） Most American cant afford to eat out. （ B） American fo
21、od has remained unchanged. （ C） American like going to the movies. （ D） Food in most American restaurants is cheap. 25 Which of the following can be concluded from this article? （ A） Cooks are respected in the U.S. （ B） The author was once a cook. （ C） Rich people like going to the theatre. （ D） Res
22、taurants critics all feel guilty. 25 The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment“ period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion f
23、rom Bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair
24、between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoin, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be s
25、o widespread today if parents, caretakers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the result would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful Ameri
26、can studies of children in day care, but tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental
27、illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or t
28、hree and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter. Then, is far from clear-out, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants. 26 Whi
29、ch of the following statements would Bowlby support? （ A） Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for children at the age of three or older. （ B） Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children. （ C） The first three years of ones life
30、 is extremely important to the later development of personality. （ D） Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three. 27 Which of the following is derivable from Bowlbys work? （ A） Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before t
31、he age of three. （ B） Day care nurseries have positive effects on a childs development. （ C） A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problem in later life. （ D） Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a childs personality. 28 It
32、is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in that_. （ A） the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in modern societies （ B） a child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problem in later life. （ C） mother bring up children with the hel
33、p of her husband in traditional societies （ D） children in modern societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years 29 Which of the following statements in NOT an argument against Bowlbys theory? （ A） Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on childrens development. （
34、B） The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe. （ C） The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional societies. （ D） Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with. 30 Which of the following best exp
35、resses the writers attitude towards early day care? （ A） Children under three should stay with their parents. （ B） Early day care has positive effects on childrens development. （ C） The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics. （ D） The effects of early day care on c
36、hildren are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue. 30 Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which s
37、cientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain of one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist. This book is written for the intelligent student of lay
38、 person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who has been presented with science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The
39、book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific a
40、ttitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to apprec
41、iate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture. We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populated it. That population has in recent years come to
42、comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes
43、and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessar
44、y, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human equally. We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many
45、 other scientists, that we shouldnt take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living. 31 According to the passage, “scientific subculture“ means_. （ A） cultural groups that are formed by scientists （ B） peo
46、ple whose knowledge of science is very limited （ C） the scientific community （ D） people who make good contribution to science 32 We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because_. （ A） it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate science （ B） scien
47、ce affects almost every aspect of our life （ C） scientists live in a specific substructure （ D） it is easier to understand general characteristics of science 33 The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who_. （ A） long for deeper understanding of science （ B） are good at producing va
48、rious gadgets （ C） work in a storehouse of dried facts （ D） are interested in popular science 34 According to this passage,_. （ A） English is a sexist language （ B） only on this scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly （ C） women are making significant contributions to eliminating th
49、e inadequacy of our language （ D） male nouns or pronouns should not used to refer to scientists 35 This passage most probably is_. （ A） a book review （ B） the preface of a book （ C） the post script of a book （ D） the concluding part of a book 三、英译汉 36 Translate the following passages into Chinese. Each translated passage will account for 15 points. Give the number of the passage on your ANSWER SHEET. A man only begins to
