1、考研英语模拟试卷 218及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors(流星 ) but also (1)_ rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again
2、(2)_ as our protective blanket on earth. Lightgets through, and this is essential for plants to (3)_ the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air (4)_ outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are (5)_ off. As soon
3、 as men leave the atmosphere they are (6)_ to this radiation, but their space suits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, (7)_ prevent a lot of radiation damage. (8)_ is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called “rem“. Scientists have (9)_ to th
4、ink that a man can (10)_ far more radiation than 0.1 ram without being damaged: the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to make (11)_ about radiation damage a person may feel perfectly well, (12)_ the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and
5、this will (13)_ be discovered until the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew (14)_ a large amount of rems. So far; no (15)_ amounts of radiation have been
6、 reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are. going to (16)_ when they spend weeks and months outside the (17)_ of the atmosphere, (18)_ in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to (19)_ the damage done by radiation, but no really (20)_ ones have bee
7、n found so far. （ A） the （ B） with （ C） because of （ D） dangerous （ A） uses （ B） acts （ C） treats （ D） floats （ A） offer （ B） provide （ C） make （ D） obtain （ A） from （ B） into （ C） off （ D） by （ A） defended （ B） prevented （ C） postponed （ D） screened （ A） invulnerable （ B） vicious （ C） ineffective （
8、 D） exposed （ A） do （ B） to （ C） they （ D） who （ A） exposure （ B） radiation （ C） rays （ D） flying （ A） reason （ B） it （ C） that （ D） more （ A） receive （ B） put up with （ C） cope （ D） put off （ A） right （ B） sure （ C） understandable （ D） wise （ A） when （ B） furthermore （ C） but （ D） even （ A） yet （ B
9、） still （ C） nor （ D） continuously （ A） accumulated （ B） assembled （ C） contained （ D） gathered （ A） large （ B） enormous （ C） poisonous （ D） dangerous （ A） move along （ B） stay alive （ C） get on （ D） come back （ A） guard （ B） cover （ C） layer （ D） protection （ A） flying （ B） working （ C） trapping （
10、D） staying （ A） stop （ B） remove （ C） decrease （ D） eliminate （ A） useful （ B） effective （ C） purposeful （ D） efficient Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 The most critical time in the life of a human is the
11、 very beginning the first hours after birth. Yet it has been only within the past few years that doctors have recognized that treating a newborn baby like a small child is not the best procedure. This is especially true of “high risk babies“, a term applied to babies that are premature, underweight,
12、 or born with major organic defects. They need immediate, imaginative, intensive care and observation, not only for survival but also to help circumvent physical problems which may affect the infant for life. Out of this requirement has developed a new branch of medicine called neonatology, which is
13、 concerned with the first three months of life. Dozens of major hospitals throughout the United States have opened newborn intensive care units, directed by neonatologists and employing equipment and techniques devised specially for tiny patients. One of the greatest aids in these units is an “isole
14、tte“an electronically equipped glass-enclosed incubator with portholes for sterile access to the baby. Inside the isolette, sensors placed on the infant make him look much like a miniature astronaut. The sensors automatically regulate and record the temperature, humidity, and oxygen in this “artific
15、ial womb“, as well as signal change or trouble affecting its occupant. In hospitals with newborn intensive care unit, specialists are ready to use their skills as the need arises. They are alerted to pregnancies that may develop complications. For example, if a woman who is pregnant enters the hospi
16、tal and is under the age of 18 or over the age of 40, is undernourished or obese, has diabetes, heart or kidney trouble, the neonatologists are advised. The neonatologist often attends the delivery of a baby with the obstetrician, and then rushes the newborn infant into his special care unit. There,
17、 within a few minutes, the baby is tested, examined thoroughly, and made ready for treatment or surgery if needed. The most common cause of infant deaths is pre-maturity. In some hospitals it is not unusual to find 8 or 9 “preemies“ (premature infants) in the special care units at one time. In addit
18、ion to the technical advances, the health of the infant depends on an ageless ingredient-love. Nurses are essential members of baby-caring teams. Their job is to rock, to feed, and to fondle the very small patients. Even at this early age, doctors find that lack of love has adverse physical and psyc
19、hological effects on the newborn babies. As the number of neonatologists and special care centers has increased, the survival rate for high-risk babies in the United States has risen from about 75 % a few years ago to an impressively high 90% today. Doctors think that the 90% could be increased if t
20、he babies could be brought more quickly under the care of a neonatologist. In some hospitals, teams of doctors and nurses can respond to emergencies with portable isolettes which are carried by airplane, helicopter, or ambulance. 21 Doctors have recently discovered that_. （ A） newborn babies should
21、be treated as small children （ B） newborn babies should be brought quickly under the care of his parents （ C） high-risk babies need immediate surgery （ D） high-risk babies should brought quickly under the care of a neonatologist 22 According to the passage, all of the following are true about isolet
22、te EXCEPT_. （ A） it is an electronically equipped glass-enclosed incubator with portholes and sensors inside （ B） it functions as “artificial womb“ （ C） sensors inside make the baby look like a miniature astronaut （ D） portholes in isolette allow a doctor to regulate the body temperature and oxygen
23、supply of an infant 23 What is the most common cause of infant deaths? （ A） Prematurity. （ B） Organic defects. （ C） Lack of special equipment. （ D） Lack of artificial womb. 24 Besides technical advances, what else is needed for the health of an infant? （ A） Isolette. （ B） Artificial womb. （ C） Lovin
24、g care. （ D） Newborn intensive care units. 25 The following statements are the reasons why the survival rate for high-risk babies in the United States has risen EXCEPT_. （ A） portable isolettes make emergency treatment of high-risk babies possible （ B） high-risk babies cotdd be brought more quickly
25、under the care of a neonatologist （ C） helicopters and airplanes are used to provide immediate treatment for high-risk babies （ D） special teams of doctors and nurses are assigned to feed, rock, and fondle high-risk babies 26 Parents can easily come down with an acute case of schizophrenia from read
26、ing the contradictory reports about the state of the public schools. One sat of experts asserts that the schools are better than they have been for years. Others say that the schools are in terrible shape and are responsible for every national problem from urban poverty to the trade deficit. One gro
27、up of experts looks primarily at such indicators as test scores, and they cheer what they see: all the indicators reading scores, minimum competency test results, the Scholastic Aptitude Test scores are up, some by substantial margins. Students are required to take more academic courses more mathema
28、tics and science, along with greater stress on basic skills, including knowledge of computers. More than 40 state legislatures have mandated such changes. But in the eyes of another set of school reformers such changes are at best superficial and at worst counterproductive. These experts say that me
29、rely toughening requirements, without either improving the quality of instruction or, even more important, changing the way schools are organized and children are taught makes the schools worse rather than better. They challenge the nature of the test, mostly multiple choice or true or false, by whi
30、ch childrens progress is measured; they charge that raising the test scores by drilling pupils to come up with the right answers does not improve knowledge, understanding and the capacity to think logically and independently. In addition, these critics fear that the get-tough approach to school refo
31、rm will cause more of the youngsters at the bottom to give up and drop out. This, they say, may improve national scores but drain even further the nations pool of educated people. The way to cut through the confusion is to understand the different yardsticks used by different observers. Compared wit
32、h what schools used to be like “in the good old days“, with lots of drill and uniform requirements, and the expectation that many youngsters who could not make it would drop out and find their way into unskilled jobs by those yardsticks the schools have measurably improved in recent years. But by th
33、e yardsticks of those experts who believe that the old school was deficient in teaching the skills needed in the modern world, todays schools have not become better. These educators believe that rigid new mandates may actually have made the schools worse. 26 The assertion of the experts who think sc
34、hools axe doing better is based on the_. （ A） qualification of the teachers （ B） test scores （ C） reading ability of the children （ D） basic skills of the children 27 People who think schools axe not doing any better base their judgment on the_. （ A） non-substantial margins of the scores （ B） toughe
35、ned requirements of state legislation （ C） nature of the tests （ D） ability of students to think logically. 28 The word “yardstick“(Sentence 2, Paragraph 4) probably means_. （ A） standard （ B） opinion （ C） angle （ D） score 29 According to the author the drop-out rate of school children is often caus
36、ed by the_. （ A） inability of the children （ B） school reforms （ C） easy access to unskilled job （ D） tough requirements of the schools 30 The purpose of this article is to_. （ A） show the authors positive attitude towards schools in the United States （ B） show the author S negative attitude towards
37、 schools for readers to judge （ C） present two opposing views on the quality of schools for readers to judge （ D） offer the way to cut through the confusion about the quality of schools 31 The best salespeople first establish a mood of trust and rapport by means of “hypnotic pacing“ statements and g
38、estures that play back a customers observations, experience, or behavior. Pacing is a kind of mirror-like matching, a way of suggesting: “I am like you. We are in sync. You can trust me“. The simplest form of pacing is “descriptive pacing“, in which the seller formulates accurate, if banal, descript
39、ions of the customers experience. “Its been awfully hot these last few days, hasnt it?. You said you were going to graduate in June“. These statements serve the purpose of establishing agreement and developing an unconscious affinity between seller and customer. In clinical hypnosis, the hypnotist m
40、ight make comparable pacing statements. “You are ham today to see me for hypnosis“. “You told me over the phone about a problem that concerns you“. Sales agents with only average success tend to jump immediately into their memorized sales pitches or to hit the customer with a barrage of questions. N
41、eglecting to pace the customer, the mediocre sales agent creates no common ground on which to build trust. A second type of hypnotic pacing statement is the “objection pacing“ comment. A customer objects or resists, and the sales agent agrees, matching his or her remarks to the remarks of the custom
42、er. A superior insurance agent might agree that “insurance is not the best investment out there“, just as a clinical hypnotist might tell a difficult subject. “You are resisting going into trance. Thats good. I encourage that“. The customer, pushing against a wall, finds that the wall has disappeare
43、d. The agent, having confirmed the customers objection, then leads the customer to a position that negates or undermines the objection. The insurance salesperson who agreed that “insurance is not the best investment out there“ went on to tell his customer, “but it does have a few uses“. He then desc
44、ribed all the benefits of life insurance. Mediocre salespeople generally respond to resistance head-on, with arguments that presumably answer the customers objection. This response often leads the customer to dig in his heels all the harder. The most powerful forms of pacing have more to do with how
45、 something is said than with what is said. The good salesperson has ability to pace the language and thought of any customer. With hypnotic effect, the agent matches the voice tone, rhythm, volume, and speech rate of the customer. He matches the customers posture, body language, and mood. He adopts
46、the characteristic verbal language of the customer. If the customer is slightly depressed, the agent chares that feeling and acknowledges that he has been feeling “a little down“ lately. Ill essence, the top sales producer becomes a sophisticated biofeedback mechanism, sharing and reflecting the cus
47、tomers reality even to the point of breathing in and out with the customer. 31 The main point of this article is that_. （ A） salespeople should study hypnosis to improve their sales skills （ B） the most successful salespeople use a lot of hypnosis techniques （ C） the best salespeople are unethical a
48、nd will do anything to sell their products （ D） the top salespeople are persuasive 32 We are in sync is another way of saying_. （ A） we are alike, particularly in our way of thinking （ B） we are going to like each other （ C） we dont have the same ideas, but we respect each others ideas （ D） we are i
49、n the same situation 33 The word “rapport“ (Sentence 1, Paragraph 1) probably means_. （ A） belief （ B） harmony （ C） relationship （ D） connection 34 In Paragraph 2, the two sentences “You are here today to see me for hypnosis“ and “You told me over the phone about a problem that concerns you“ are examples of_. （ A） hypnotic suggestions （ B） sell technique （ C） descriptive pacing （ D） hypnotists greetings 35 Which statement
