1、考研英语模拟试卷 24及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The evolutionary process culminating in man was finally completed about 35,000 years ago with the appearance of Homo Sapiens, or “th
2、inking man“. (1)_ in broadest perspective, this represents the second major turning (2)_ in the course of (3)_ on this planet. The first occurred when life (4)_ out of inorganic matter. After that momentous (5)_, all living forms evolved by adapting (6)_ their environment, as was evident during the
3、climate turmoil of the Pleistocene. But with the (7)_ of man, the evolutionary process was (8)_. No longer did genes adapt to environment. Instead, man adapted by changing the environment to (9)_ his genes. Today, a third (10)_ turning point appears (11)_, as mans growing knowledge of the structure
4、and function of genes may soon enable him to (12)_ his genes as well as his environment. Man, and only man, has been able to create a made-to-order environment, or culture, as it is called. The reason is (13)_ only man can symbolize, or (14)_ things and concepts divorced from here-and-now reality. O
5、nly he laughs, and only he knows that he will die. Only he has wondered (15)_ the universe and its origins, about his place in it and in the hereafter. With these unique and revolutionizing abilities, man has been able to (16)_ with his environment without alteration. His culture in the new no biolo
6、gical way of having fur in the Arctic, water storage in the desert, and fins in the water. More concretely, culture (17)_ tools, clothing, ornaments, institutions, language, art forms, and religious beliefs and (18)_. All these have served to adapt man to his physical environment and to his fellowma
7、n. Indeed, story of man is simply the story of a (19)_ of cultures that he has created, form his Paleolithic (20)_ to the present day. （ A） Reviewed （ B） Viewed （ C） Probed （ D） Prospected （ A） way （ B） point （ C） mark （ D） moment （ A） accidents （ B） incidents （ C） actions （ D） events （ A） originate
8、d （ B） evolved （ C） developed （ D） grew （ A） step （ B） aspect （ C） state （ D） phase （ A） to （ B） towards （ C） for （ D） at （ A） appearance （ B） disappearance （ C） complexion （ D） feature （ A） contradicted （ B） reversed （ C） contrasted （ D） returned （ A） adapt （ B） suit （ C） fit （ D） agree （ A） invali
9、d （ B） epochal （ C） periodical （ D） ineffective （ A） eminent （ B） imminent （ C） prominent （ D） dominant （ A） maintain （ B） modify （ C） dispose （ D） diversify （ A） that （ B） because （ C） for （ D） why （ A） revise （ B） reveal （ C） envision （ D） muse （ A） about （ B） on （ C） at （ D） in （ A） cope （ B） agr
10、ee （ C） cohere （ D） contend （ A） consists of （ B） conceives of （ C） combines with （ D） shut out （ A） practices （ B） suspicions （ C） formalities （ D） thoughts （ A） success （ B） procession （ C） succession （ D） consequence （ A） origins （ B） resources （ C） roots （ D） sources Part A Directions: Read the
11、following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day. World Tuberculosis (infections disease in which growths appear on the lungs) Day is on Saturday March 24th. Tuberculosis was once terribly fash
12、ionable. Dying of “consumption“ seems to have been a favorite activity of garret-dwelling 19th-century artists, h has, however, been neglected of late. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people. According to figures released earlier this week by the World Heal
13、th Organization, 1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005, compared with about 3m for AIDS and Im for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS. Americas National Institutes of Health, for example, spends 20 times as much on AIDS as on TB. Nevertheless, ev
14、eryone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year. The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS, has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis projects. The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since it open
15、ed for business in 2002 have saved the lives of over 1m people. The World Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news. Although the number of TB cases is still rising, the rate of illness seems to have stabilized; the caseload, in other words, is growing only because the pop
16、ulation itself is going up. Even drug companies are involved. In the nm-up to the day itself, Eli Lilly announced a $50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership. MDR stands for multi-drug resistance, and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight. Careless treatment has caused drug-resis
17、tant strains to evolve all over the world. The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths, anti persuading people lo stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard. Unfortunately, those infected with MDR have to be treated with less effective, more poisonous and
18、more costly drugs. Naturally, these provoke still more. non-compliance and thus still more evolution. The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS. The (global Funds joint responsibility for the diseases is no coincidence. AIDS does not kill directly. Rather, HIV, the virus that causes it
19、, weakens the bodys immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections. Of these, TB is one of the most serious. It kills 200,000 AIDS patients a year. However, some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs. Conversely, in about 20% of cases where a patient has both
20、 diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse. The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB, it is still a serious threat. 21 The first sentence “Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day“. means _. （ A） every dog enjoys good luck or success sooner
21、or later. （ B） human beings can deal with problems caused by disease. （ C） Tuberculosis becomes a serious infectious disease. （ D） people attach importance to Tuberculosis recently. 22 By referring to AIDS in Paragraph 2, the author intends to show _. （ A） the US government is reluctant to spend mil
22、lions of dollars for Tuberculosis. （ B） the death rate of AIDS is higher,than that of Tuberculosis. （ C） the officials did not pay much attention to the research of Tuberculosis in the past. （ D） compared with AIDS, Tuberculosis can be cured effectively. 23 Which of the following best defines the wo
23、rd “upshot“ (Line 5, Paragraph 5)? （ A） Outcome. （ B） Uphold. （ C） Achievement. （ D） Project. 24 Eli Lilly devoted itself to MDR-TB, because _. （ A） TB kills more and more AIDS patients. （ B） TB has something to do with AIDS. （ C） multi-drug resistance makes Tuberculosis fashionable again. （ D） Eli
24、Lilly is a member of the MDR-TB Global Partnership. 25 Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the text tries to convey? （ A） Forgive and forget. （ B） Forgotten, but not gone. （ C） When the wound is healed, the pain is forgotten. （ D） Every dog is valiant at his own door
25、. 26 Not many 25-year-olds can reasonably claim to have changed the world. The IBM personal computer, which was launched in 1981 and celebrates its 25th birthday in August, is a rare exception. Other personal computers had been launched before; but it was the IBM PC that ended up defining the standa
26、rd around which a vast new industry then coalesced. IBM, the titan of the computing World at the time, quickly lost control of its own creation, allowing others to reap the benefits. But leave aside what the PC has done for the fortunes of particular companies, and instead step back and consider wha
27、t the PC has done for mankind. The PCs most obvious achievement has been to help make computers cheaper, more widely available and more useful than ever before. Before it appeared, different computers from different manufacturers were mostly incompatible with each other. The PCs architecture was not
28、 perfect, but its adoption as an industry standard made possible economies of scale in both hardware and software. This in turn reduced prices and enabled the PC to democratise computing. But although the PC has its merits, it also has its faults. Its flexibility has proved to be both a strength and
29、 a weakness: it encourages innovation, but at the cost of complexity, reliability and security. And for people in the developing world, PCs are too bulky, expensive and energy-hungry. W. hen it comes to extending the benefits of digital technology chiefly, cheap and easy access to information to eve
30、ryone on the planet, the PC may not be the best tool for the job. Look on the streets of almost any city in the world, however, and you will see people clutching tiny, pocket computers, better known as mobile phones. Already, even basic handsets have simple web-browsers, calculators and other comput
31、ing functions. Mobile phones are cheaper, simpler and more reliable than PCs, and market forces in particular, the combination of pie-paid billing plans and microcredit schemes are already putting them into the hands of even the worlds poorest people. Initiatives to spread PCs in the developing worl
32、d, in contrast, rely on top-down funding from governments or aid agencies, rather than bottom-up adoption by consumers. All kinds of firms, from giants such as Google to start-ups such as CellBazaar, are working to bring the full belle, fits of the web to mobile phones. There is no question that the
33、 PC has democratised computing and-unleashed innovation, but it is the mobile phone that now seems most likely to carry the dream of the “personal computer“ to its conclusion. 26 Why dose the author hold the opinion that the IBM personal computer is a rare exception? （ A） Personal computer is an ama
34、zing invention. （ B） IBM lost control of personal computer. （ C） The birth of IBM personal computer makes drastic changes in our society. （ D） Among the firms making the biggest splash in personal computer world is IBM. 27 As a result of an industry standardization, PC becomes _. （ A） more and more
35、popular. （ B） more and more effective （ C） more and more efficient. （ D） more and more portable. 28 It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _. （ A） it is hard to find a job as a computer engineer. （ B） PC is not the best option as a tool to gather information. （ C） PCs are so expensive and
36、energy-hungry. （ D） every advantage has its disadvantage. 29 By saying “from giants such as Google to start-ups such as CellBazaar“ (Line 1, Paragraph 5), the author implies that _. （ A） Google is more profitable than CellBazaar. （ B） they are Search-engine vendors. （ C） they are rushing to provide
37、services to mobile phones. （ D） they have reaped the benefits from mobile phone industry. 30 What is the authors attitude towards mobile phone? （ A） Optimistic. （ B） Critical. （ C） Biased. （ D） Prospective. 31 You could say on the court, these are the best days in the history of NBA. So why isnt the
38、 world singing the praise of the NBA? Why isnt todays NBA outperforming the NFL, NASCAR, and Major League of Baseball (MLB), all of which have been rocked by scandals large and small over the last few years? Simple because todays NBA scares the white people. The NBA stands at the dead-center interse
39、ction of two rampant social dynamics: the ascendancy of hip-hop culture and 21st-century marketings sworn duty to easily definable demographic group. Break yourself into generalized demographic qualities: gender, age, race, economic class. There is full range of music, TV shows, movies, and website
40、explicitly designed to keep you warm and toasty in your comfort zone, free from sharp edges. The NBA as it stands today has plenty of sharp edges and has a serious image problem; more than any other sports. For years, whites make up a majority of fan base, blacks make up a majority of players. And t
41、hose players have benefited from ever-upward-spiraling paychecks, theyve exercised their influence to shape the sight of the game around them in their own image. But the NBA is still all about improvisation, artistry, jazz, poetry on the way to and above the rim. And while we appreciated the artistr
42、y in and of itself, the fact that we cant do it puts many fans at some kind small, but measurable emotional distance from the game. For the white audience, the skill divide one thing. There always been players that could do things the rest of us couldnt. Whats freaking white Americans out is the way
43、 NBA is embracing every element of hip-hop culture the music, the fashion, the attitude, everything. Many events, stories hurt NBA, cementing its lawless-blacks image in observers minds. Referring to the word “thug“, thats operative in short-handing the new NBA culture, as many observers noted. “Thu
44、g“ was so-opted by black culture sometime during the Tupac Era. When people slag NBA players as “thug“, its good bet theyre not taking about Adam Morris or J.J. Redic. Its absolutely a racial tag. The NBA, more than any other sports entity, has potential to be a bridge between cultures, a way to bri
45、ng both sides together in cheering some best athletes of any color. Its already produced Jordan, the most widely known athlete in history, and its gaining ground fast on soccer as the worlds best known sport. But its fragile indeed, with fans in colors viewing basketball as a zero-sum game, where ev
46、ery stereotypically black or white culture apparently forces out its ethic opposite. But with serious image problems, another slat falls out of the bridge. And its not hard to imagine a time when nobody will be interested in crossing over. 31 Why isnt the world singing the praise of the NBA? （ A） NF
47、L, NASCAR, MLB are better than NBA. （ B） Because of the racialism in NBA. （ C） The NBA today has a serious image problem. （ D） White people dont like NBA games. 32 What can we infer from this passage? （ A） Black people buy tickets to see white people play games in NBA. （ B） NBA players who have ever
48、-upward-spiraling paychecks shape the leagues bad image. （ C） Emotional distance between NBA and the whites is NBA players skills. （ D） Hip-hop culture is harmful to NBA. 33 We can infer from the fifth paragraph _. （ A） the word “thug“ means racial tag. （ B） the blacks always let people associate to
49、 “thug“ during the Tupac Era. （ C） pepole considered NBA as lawless-blacks image. （ D） Adam Morris and J.J. Redic are not black people. 34 Whats the authors attitude about NBA as a “bridge“? （ A） Optimistic. （ B） Indifferent. （ C） Neutral. （ D） Skeptical. 35 Whats the best title of this passage? （ A） No Room for White in NBA? （ B） NBAs Best Ages （ C） Black and White （ D） Edges of NBA 36 Walt Disney could have built his biggest
