1、Designation: C 652 07Standard Specification forHollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay orShale)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 652; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers hollow building
3、 brick andhollow facing brick made from clay, shale, fire clay, ormixtures thereof, and fired to incipient fusion. Four types ofhollow brick in each of two grades and two classes are covered.In this specification the term hollow brick shall be understoodto mean hollow clay masonry units whose net cr
4、oss-sectionalarea (solid area) in any plane parallel to the surface, containingthe cores, cells, or deep frogs, is less than 75 % of its grosscross-sectional area measured in the same plane (see 3.3). Thisspecification does not cover brick intended for use as pavingbrick (see Specification C 902).1.
5、2 The property requirements of this standard apply at thetime of purchase. The use of results from testing of brickextracted from masonry structures for determining conform-ance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section5) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.1.3 Brick
6、covered by this specification are manufacturedfrom clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances andsubjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing).The heat treatment shall develop sufficient fired bond betweenthe particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-bil
7、ity requirements of this specification. (See “firing” and“firing bond” in Terminology C43.)1.4 Hollow brick differ from unglazed structural clay tile(Specifications C 34 and C 212) and solid brick (SpecificationsC 62 and C 216). Hollow brick require greater shell and webthicknesses and higher minimu
8、m compressive strength thanstructural clay tile, but permit greater void area and lesserdistance from exposed edge to core hole than solid brick.Therefore, environmental and structural performance may bedifferent in elements constructed of hollow brick from thoseconstructed of structural clay tile o
9、r solid brick.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the sta
10、ndard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C34 Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing WallTileC43 Terminology of Structural Clay ProductsC62 Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade From Clay or Shale)C67 Test Me
11、thods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC 212 Specification for Structural Clay Facing TileC 216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade from Clay or Shale)C 902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic PavingBrickE 835/E 835M Guide for Modular Coordination
12、of Clayand Concrete Masonry Units3. Classification3.1 GradesTwo grades of hollow brick are covered:3.1.1 Grade SWHollow brick intended for use where ahigh and uniform degree of resistance to frost action anddisintegration by weathering is desired and the exposure issuch that the hollow brick may be
13、frozen when permeated withwater.3.1.2 Grade MWHollow brick intended for use where amoderate and somewhat nonuniform degree of resistance to1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.02 on Brick
14、and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 652 05a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
15、Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.frost action
16、is permissible or where they are unlikely to bepermeated with water when exposed to temperatures belowfreezing.3.2 TypesFour types of hollow brick are covered:3.2.1 Type HBSHollow brick for general use in masonry.3.2.2 Type HBXHollow brick for general use in masonrywhere a higher degree of precision
17、 and lower permissiblevariation in size than permitted for Type HBS is required.3.2.3 Type HBAHollow brick for general use in masonryselected to produce characteristic architectural effects resultingfrom nonuniformity in size and texture of the individual units.3.2.4 Type HBBHollow brick for general
18、 use in masonrywhere a particular color, texture, finish, uniformity, or limits oncracks, warpage, or other imperfections detracting from theappearance are not a consideration.3.2.5 When the type is not specified, the requirements forType HBS shall govern.3.3 ClassTwo classes of hollow brick are cov
19、ered:3.3.1 Class H40VHollow brick intended for use wherevoid areas or hollow spaces greater than 25 %, but not greaterthan 40 %, of the gross cross-sectional area of the unitmeasured in any plane parallel to the surface containing thecores, cells, or deep frogs are desired. The void spaces, the webt
20、hicknesses, and the shell thicknesses shall comply with therequirements of Section 10 on Hollow Spaces.3.3.2 Class H60VHollow brick intended for use wherelarger void areas are desired. The sum of these void areas shallbe greater than 40 %, but not greater than 60 %, of the grosscross-sectional area
21、of the unit measured in any plane parallelto the surface containing the cores, cells or deep frogs. Thevoid spaces, the web thicknesses, and the shell thicknessesshall comply with the requirements of Section 10 on HollowSpaces and to the minimum requirements contained in Table 1(see Fig. 1).3.3.3 Wh
22、en the class is not specified, the requirements ofclass H40V shall govern.4. Materials and Finish4.1 The body of all hollow brick shall be of clay, shale, fireclay, or mixtures of these materials, with or without admix-tures, burned to meet the requirements of this specification.Any coloring or othe
23、r materials added to the clay shall besuitable ceramic materials and shall be well distributedthroughout the body.4.2 Colors and textures produced by application of inor-ganic coatings to the faces of the brick shall be permitted withthe consent of the purchaser, provided that evidence is fur-nished
24、 of the durability of the coatings. Brick that are coloredby flashing or textured by sanding, where the sand does notform a continuous coating, shall not be considered as surface-colored brick for the purpose of this specification.NOTE 1When surface colored brick, other than sanded or flashed, aresp
25、ecified for exterior use, the purchaser should require that data besubmitted showing that after 50 cycles of freezing thawing there is noobservable difference in the applied finish when viewed from a distance of10 ft (3.0 m) under an illumination of not less than 50 ft-candles (538 lx)by an observer
26、 with normal vision.Service records of the performance of the particular coated brick inexterior locations may be accepted in place of the freezing and thawingtest, upon consent of the purchaser.4.3 The brick shall be free of defects, deficiencies, andsurface treatments, including coatings, that wou
27、ld interferewith the proper laying of the brick or significantly impair thestrength or performance of the construction.4.4 If any post-firing coatings or surface treatments areapplied by the manufacturer, the manufacturer shall report thetype and extent of these coatings or surface treatments in all
28、certificates of compliance with this specification.5. Physical Properties5.1 DurabilityWhen Grade is not specified, the require-ments for Grade SW shall govern.5.1.1 Physical Property RequirementsThe brick shallconform to the physical requirements for the Grade specified asprescribed in Table 2. For
29、 the compressive strength require-ments in Table 2, test the unit with the compressive forceperpendicular to the bed surface of the unit, with the unit in thestretcher position.5.1.2 Absorption AlternateThe saturation coefficient re-quirement does not apply, provided the 24h cold waterabsorption of
30、each unit of a random sample of five brick doesnot exceed 8.0 %.5.1.3 Freezing and Thawing AlternativeThe requirementsfor 5 h boiling water absorption and saturation coefficient donot apply, provided a sample of five brick, meeting the strengthrequirements of Table 2, passes the freezing and thawing
31、 test asdescribed in the Rating Section of the Freezing and Thawingtest procedures of Test Methods C67.5.1.3.1 Grade SW: Weight Loss RequirementNot greaterthan 0.5 % loss in dry weight of any individual unit.NOTE 2The 50 cycle freezing and thawing test is used as analternative only when the brick do
32、 not conform to either Table 2requirements for maximum water absorption and saturation coefficient, orto the requirements of the Absorption Alternate in 5.1.2.5.1.3.2 Grade SW: Breakage RequirementNo individualunit separates into two or more significant pieces.5.1.3.3 Grade SW: Cracking RequirementN
33、o individualunit develops a crack that exceeds, in length, the units leastdimension.5.2 StrengthWhen hollow brick are required havingstrengths greater than prescribed in Table 2, the purchaser shallspecify the desired minimum compressive strength.5.3 Initial Rate of Absorption (IRA)Test results for
34、IRAshall be determined in accordance with Section 9 of TestMethods C67 and shall be furnished at the request of thespecifier or purchaser. IRA is not a qualifying condition orTABLE 1 Class H60VHollow Brick Minimum Thicknessof Face Shells and Webs, in. (mm)Nominal Width of UnitsFace Shell Thicknesses
35、End Shells orEnd WebsSolidCored or DoubleShell3 and 4 (76 and 101)34 (19.05) .34 (19.05)6 (152) 1 (25.4) 112 (38) 1 (25.4)8 (203) 114 (32) 112 (38) 1 (25.4)10 (254) 138 (35) 158 (41) 118 (29.5)12 (306) 112 (38) 2 (50) 118 (29.5)C652072property of units in this specification. This property is mea-sur
36、ed in order to assist in mortar selection and materialhandling in the construction process. See Note 3.NOTE 3Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction)Both laboratory andfield investigation have shown that strong and watertight joints betweenmortar and masonry units are not achieved by ordinary constructi
37、onmethods when the units as laid have excessive initial rates of absorption.Mortar that has stiffened somewhat because of excessive loss of mixingwater to a unit may not make complete and intimate contact with thesecond unit, resulting in poor adhesion, incomplete bond, and water-permeable joints of
38、 low strength. IRA of the units is determined by theoven-dried procedure described in the IRA (Suction) (Laboratory Test) ofTest Methods C67. IRAin the field depends on the moisture content of themasonry unit and is determined in accordance with the IRA (Suction)Field Test of Test Methods C67. Units
39、 having average field IRAexceeding 30 g/min per 30 in.2(30 g/min 194 cm2) should have their IRAreduced below 30 g/min per 30 in.2prior to laying. They may be wettedimmediately before they are laid, but it is preferable to wet themthoroughly 3 to 24 h prior to their use so as to allow time for moistu
40、re tobecome distributed throughout the unit.6. Efflorescence6.1 Brick are not required to be tested for efflorescence tocomply with this specification unless requested by the specifierFIG. 1 Hollow Brick UnitsTABLE 2 Physical RequirementsDesig-nationCompressive Strengthgross area, min, psi(MPa)Water
41、 Absorptionby 5-hBoiling, max, %SaturationCoefficient,maxAverage of5 brickIndividualAverageof 5 brickIndi-vidualAverageof 5 brickIndi-vidualGrade SWGrade MW3000 (20.7)2500 (17.2)2500 (17.2)2200 (15.2)17.022.020.025.00.780.880.800.90C652073or purchaser. When the efflorescence test is requested by the
42、specifier or purchaser, the brick shall be sampled at the place ofmanufacture, and tested in accordance with Test Methods C67,and a rating for efflorescence shall be “not effloresced.” If therating for efflorescence is “effloresced,” the brick representedby the testing do not meet the efflorescence
43、requirements ofthis specification.7. Size and Tolerances7.1 SizeThe size of hollow brick shall be as specified bythe purchaser. In a sample of ten hollow brick selected toinclude the extreme range of color and sizes to be supplied, nohollow brick shall depart from the specified size by more thanthe
44、individual tolerance for the type specified as prescribed inTable 3. Tolerances on dimensions for Type HBA shall be asspecified by the purchaser, but not more restrictive than HBSand HBB.NOTE 4For a list of modular sizes see Guide E 835/E 835M. Sizeslisted in this standard are not produced in all pa
45、rts of the United States.Brick names denoting sizes may be regional and therefore may not beincluded in all reference books. Purchasers should ascertain the size ofbrick available in their locality and should specify accordingly, stating thedesired dimensions (width by height by length).7.2 WarpageT
46、olerances for distortion or warpage of sur-faces or edges intended to be exposed in use of individualhollow brick from a plane surface and from a straight line,respectively, shall not exceed the maximum for the typespecified as prescribed in Table 4. Tolerances on distortion forType HBA shall be as
47、specified by the purchaser.8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 The face or faces that will be exposed in place shall befree of chips that exceed the limits of Table 5. The limits applyto the types as specified.The aggregate length of chips shall notexceed 10 % of the perimeter of the exposed f
48、ace or faces ofthe hollow brick.8.2 Other than chips, the face or faces shall be free of cracksor other imperfections detracting from the appearance of thedesignated sample when viewed from a distance of 15 ft (4.6m) forType HBX and a distance of 20 ft (6.1 m) forTypes HBSand HBA.NOTE 5Of all the un
49、its that will be exposed in place, a smallpercentage of the units may have chips that are larger in size than thosechips allowed for the majority of the units. This special allowedpercentage, listed in the second column from the left of Table 5, ranges upto 5 % for HBX, up to 10 % for HBS (formed), and up to 15 % for HBS(altered). The remainder of the units that will be exposed in place, listedin the fifth column from the left, must conform to the chip sizes listed inthe sixth and seventh columns from the left.ExampleType HBS (formed) units
